Cross-section distortion and springback characteristics of double-cavity aluminum profile in force controlled stretch-bending

3D elastic-plastic FE model for simulating the force controlled stretch-bending process of double-cavity aluminum profile was established using hybrid explicit−implicit solvent method.Considering the computational accuracy and efficiency,the optimal choices of numerical parameters and algorithms in FE modelling were determined.The formation mechanisms of cross-section distortion and springback were revealed.The effects of pre-stretching,post-stretching,friction,and the addition of internal fillers on forming quality were investigated.The results show that the stress state of profile in stretch-bending is uniaxial with only a circumferential stress.The stress distribution along the length direction of profile is non-uniform and the maximum tensile stress is located at a certain distance away from the center of profile.As aluminum profile is gradually attached to bending die,the distribution characteristic of cross-section distortion along the length direction of profile changes from V-shape to W-shape.After unloading the forming tools,cross-section distortion decreases obviously due to the stress relaxation,with a maximum distortion difference of 13%before and after unloading.As pre-stretching and post-stretching forces increase,cross-section distortion increases gradually,while springback first decreases and then remains unchanged.With increasing friction between bending die and profile,cross-section distortion slightly decreases,while springback increases.Cross-section distortion decreases by 83%with adding PVC fillers into the cavities of profile,while springback increases by 192.2%.

Effect of Chuanzhifang component (ZGC) on macrophage inflammatory injury based on whole gene expression profile

Objective: The effect of Chuanzhi Fang (ZGC) on the whole genome expression profile of RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed, and to explore the possible mechanism of action and core target of this formula on macrophage inflammatory injury at the overall level. Methods: A model of LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells was constructed, and the effect of ZGC intervention on the genome-wide expression of inflammatory macrophages 3was examined by gene microarray technology, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed for significantly differentially expressed genes among each group. Results: The results of genome-wide expression profiling microarray analysis showed that the ZGC intervention group upregulated the expression of 5 genes including C4bp and inhibited the expression of 22 genes including Mgat3, Psma6, and Siglecg relative to the LPS model group. KEGG signaling pathway analysis results showed that ZGC mainly acted through cytokine receptor interaction and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: ZGC can interfere with the abnormal expression of 27 genes in inflammatory macrophages, and the related genes may exert corresponding anti-inflammatory effects by affecting cytokine receptor interactions, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway.

An analytical model for the prediction of cross-section profile and mean roll radius in alloy bar rolling

In a round-oval-round pass rolling sequence, the cross-section profile of an outgoing workpiece was predicted first after getting the maximum spread. The concept ＂critical point on the contact boundary＂ was proposed and the coordinates of the critical point were solved. The equivalent contact section area was represented and the mean roll radius was determined. The validity of this model was examined by alloy bar rolling experiment and rigid-plastic FEM simulation. Compared with the existing models, the mean roll radius obtained by this model is similar to experiment data.

The Changing Characteristics of Profile Distribution of Organic Nitrogen Components in Apple-pear Orchard Soil

In order to evaluate the effects of soil depth on the contents of soil organic nitrogen,organic nitrogen forms in apple-pear orchard soil profile were quantified using the method proposed by Bremner in 1965.The results indicated that in addition to the amino sugar-N,all the soil organic N components within the same soil layer in wasteland were more than those in apple-pear orchard soil;with the layer depth increasing,the contents of different organic nitrogen forms in apple-pear orchard soil and wasteland were decreased;and the proportion of each organic N component within total hydrolysable N was different,and the percentages of ammonia N and amino acid-N components within total hydrolysable N were higher,especially the percentage of ammonia N components within total hydrolysable N was the highest.

Influence of alloy components on arc erosion morphology of Ag/MeO electrical contact materials

Arc erosion morphologies of Ag/MeO（10） electrical contact materials after 50000 operations under direct current of 19 V and 20 A and resistive load conditions were investigated using scanning electron microscope（SEM） and a 3D optical profiler（3DOP）. The results indicated that 3DOP could supply clearer and more detailed arc erosion morphology information. Arc erosion resistance of Ag/SnO_2（10） electrical contact material was the best and that of Ag/CuO（10） was the worst. Arc erosion morphology of Ag/MeO（10） electrical contact materials mainly included three different types. Arc erosion morphologies of Ag/ZnO（10） and Ag/SnO_2（10） electrical contact materials were mainly liquid splash and evaporation, and those of Ag/CuO（10） and Ag/CdO（10） were mainly material transfer from anode to cathode. Arc erosion morphology of Ag/SnO_2（6）In_2O_3（4） electrical contact materials included both liquid splash, evaporation and material transfer. In addition, the formation process and mechanism on arc erosion morphology of Ag/MeO（10） electrical contact materials were discussed.

Semi-analytical method for calculating aeroelastic effect of profiled rod flying at high velocity

The key technique of a kinetic energy rod(KER) warhead is to control the flight attitude of rods. The rods are usually designed to different shapes. A new conceptual KER named profiled rod which has large L/D ratio is described in this paper. The elastic dynamic equations of this profiled rod flying at high velocity after detonation are set up on the basis of Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod is calculated by semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam. In addition, the aeroelastic deformation of the undeformed profiled rod and the aeroelastic deformation of deformed profiled rod which is caused by the detonation of explosive are simulated by computational fluid dynamic and finite element method(CFD/FEM), respectively. A satisfactory agreement of these two methods is obtained by the comparison of two methods. The results show that the semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam is applied to analyze the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod flying at high velocity.

Significant Factors for Reliability Estimation of Component Based Software Systems

Software reliability is defined as the probability of the failure-free operation of a software system for a specified period of time in a specified environment. Traditional approaches for software reliability analysis are black box approaches. These approaches use the software as a whole. At present, main emphasis of software is on reuse, hence component based software applications came into existence. Black box models are not appropriate for these applications. This paper introduces some significant factors for reliability estimation of Component Based Software Applications. Reliability of Component Based Software Application depends upon these factors. This paper?also gives the definition of factors and explains its relation with reliability of software application.

Testing for Cross-Sectional Dependence in a RandomEffects Model

This paper extends and generalizes the works of [1,2] to allow for cross-sectional dependence in the context of a two-way error components model and consequently develops LM test. The cross-sectional dependence follows the first order spatial autoregressive error (SAE) process and is imposed on the remainder disturbances. It is important to note that this paper does not consider alternative forms of spatial lag dependence other than SAE. It also does not allow for endogeneity of the regressors and requires the normality assumption to derive the LM test.

沉香历代香谱考证和香气成分研究进展

香气是评价沉香品质的重要指标,沉香因其独特的香气被誉为四大名香之首(沉、檀、龙、麝)。目前,国内外学者已经对沉香的化学成分进行了大量报道,主要包括倍半萜类、2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类和芳香族类成分。然而,对于沉香的香气成分和香气特征缺乏系统的分析和总结。本文旨在综述沉香的历代香谱考证和香气成分的现代研究,并初步构建沉香的香气轮廓图,同时展望沉香后续的分子感官研究,以期揭示沉香致香的奥秘。

基于HPLC-Q-TOF/MS多成分含量和指纹图谱的加味二妙颗粒质量评价

目的 建立加味二妙颗粒指纹图谱以及多成分含量测定方法,为其质量控制提供参考。方法 采用HPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析加味二妙颗粒中的化学成分。色谱柱为Wondasil C18Superb(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)柱,流动相为乙腈-体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱,对10批加味二妙颗粒进行指纹图谱和4种指标性成分含量测定。结果 HPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术共鉴定出加味二妙颗粒中144个化合物,指纹图谱中标定了15个共有峰,并通过对照品比对指认出(R,S)-告依春、去乙酰车叶草苷酸甲酯、盐酸黄柏碱、橙皮苷等9个峰,加味二妙颗粒指纹图谱的相似度均>0.95;测定(R,S)-告依春、落新妇苷、橙皮苷和小檗碱4个指标性成分含量,质量分数分别为0.021 1~0.056 8 mg·g^(-1)、0.200 9~0.552 3 mg·g^(-1)、0.274 1~0.719 1 mg·g^(-1)、0.237 1~0.704 9 mg·g^(-1)。结论 建立的加味二妙颗粒指纹图谱和多成分含量测定方法能够全面反映加味二妙颗粒的质量特征,亦为建立其制剂质量标准提供了依据。

基于多目标优化策略的曲线钢轨非对称打磨设计

铁路曲线钢轨打磨一直是养护维修工作的重点之一,虽然钢轨的磨损不可避免,但适当打磨型面能有效减缓磨损。为了降低打磨去除量,改善轮轨接触性能,提高铁路系统的安全性和经济性,提出一种基于多目标协方差矩阵自适应优化策略(MO-CMA-ES)的曲线段打磨型面设计方法。首先,通过主成分分析方法(PCA),从钢轨磨耗型面中选取代表性的磨耗型面作为初始种群。接着,采用NURBS曲线拟合算法对这些型面进行曲线拟合,以建立参数化模型。随后,使用MOCMA-ES算法进行多目标优化,其中目标函数包括降低打磨去除量、轮重减载率和轮轴横向力。根据每个型面在不同目标函数下的适应度值,进行种群的进化与连续迭代,直到满足终止条件,即适应度函数值不再显著变化。最后,从最终的种群中选取目标适应度值最小的子代个体作为最优解。优化结果显示,优化型面降低了45.3%的打磨去除量,同时内外轨轨顶的打磨下降高度分别降低了0.84 mm和0.23 mm。静态轮轨接触方面,优化后的轮轨接触点分布更加均匀,且轨距角过渡区域的跳跃现象得到改善。动力学性能方面,优化型面降低了列车车体的横向加速度和轮轨横向力。此外,有效减小了轮对的横向位移,并微幅降低了轮轨最大接触应力。研究结果为曲线钢轨打磨提供了一种智能化的设计方法与参考。

基于全基因表达谱的中药组分川栀方抗巨噬细胞炎性损伤作用机制研究

目的:分析中药组分川栀方(ZGC)对脂多糖(LPS)激活RAW264.7细胞炎性反应模型的全基因组表达谱影响,从整体水平探讨该方对巨噬细胞炎性损伤的可能作用机制及核心靶标。方法:构建LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,采用基因芯片技术检测ZGC干预对炎性巨噬细胞全基因组表达的影响,对各组间显著差异表达基因进行GO/KEGG富集分析。结果:全基因组表达谱芯片分析结果显示ZGC干预组相对LPS模型组,上调C4bp等5个基因的表达,抑制Mgat3、Psma6、Siglecg等22个基因的表达。GO富集分析结果显示ZGC主要参与白细胞介导免疫调节、前列腺素分泌调节、突触膜、唾液酸结合、免疫受体活性等发挥对抗细胞炎症作用。KEGG信号通路分析结果显示,ZGC主要通过细胞因子受体相互作用、C型凝集素受体(CTLs)信号通路等发挥作用。结论:ZGC可干预炎性巨噬细胞27个基因的异常表达,相关基因可能通过影响细胞因子受体相互作用、CTLs信号通路及TLR4/NF-κB等信号通路而发挥抗炎作用。

基于贮存剖面的弹上电子部件可靠性分析

目的提高弹上电子部件贮存可靠性预测的准确度,提出基于贮存剖面的弹上电子部件可靠性分析方法。方法在分析弹上电子部件贮存剖面及环境条件的基础上,将弹上电子部件视为多阶段任务系统,引入贝叶斯分析,采用分阶段建模方法,针对各阶段相关性和失效率的不同,基于累积损伤模型,构建弹上电子部件贮存寿命周期内的可靠性模型。结果相比于洞库贮存、值班等单一环境条件下的可靠性预测,基于贮存剖面综合环境下的可靠性预测结果的准确性更高,且随着贮存时间的增长,优势更明显。结论该方法立足于实际贮存剖面,分析结果更符合弹上电子部件的应用实际,也为其他弹上部件的可靠性分析提供了一种有效途径。

超高压处理对赤霞珠葡萄挥发性物质的影响

为改善酿酒葡萄原料的香气品质,研究不同超高压处理条件对赤霞珠葡萄果实挥发性物质的影响,利用顶空固相微萃取(headspace-solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS),对不同超高压条件处理的葡萄果实挥发性物质进行测定,结合主成分分析与香气轮廓描述对其特征香气进行分析。结果表明,不同处理条件下的果实挥发性物质与对照相比均发生显著变化(P<0.05);主成分分析发现,400 MPa压力操作及25 min的处理时间均与果实中具有草本、果香气味的醛、酮类物质有较高的相关性;香气轮廓分析发现,一定的压力与时间处理可显著提高赤霞珠葡萄的气味强度。以上研究结果为超高压技术在葡萄酒生产中的应用与推广提供了一定的数据参考和技术支持。

响应面法优化超高压处理赤霞珠葡萄及其对挥发性物质的影响

为了研究超高压处理对赤霞珠葡萄果实挥发性物质的影响,该试验利用顶空固相微萃取与GC-MS技术,通过单因素与响应面试验对超高压处理条件进行优化,并在此基础上结合主成分分析与香气轮廓描述对其特征香气进行分析。结果表明,在超高压处理压力为386 MPa、处理时间为24 min、处理温度为33℃时,赤霞珠葡萄挥发性物质的综合评分最高。利用优化后的条件处理赤霞珠葡萄果实,共检测到43种挥发性物质,和对照相比挥发性物质的个数与总浓度显著增加(P<0.05),主成分分析下处理样品与对照样品有明显的区分,香气轮廓描述发现超高压处理可显著提高赤霞珠葡萄的草本香与花果香。该试验结果将为超高压技术在葡萄酒生产中的应用与推广提供一定的数据参考和技术支持。

厦门白城海滩地貌季节性变化的沉积物粒度响应

根据厦门白城海滩2022—2023年连续4个季节的海滩剖面形态测量和表层沉积物粒度分析,探讨非典型砂泥复合型海滩地貌的季节性变化规律及其主控因素,尝试揭示海滩表层沉积物粒度结构对海滩地貌季节变化的响应过程。研究结果表明:由2022年秋季至冬季、再到2023年春季,白城海滩上风向强烈侵蚀、下风向淤积,受厦门环岛顺时针向的沿岸输沙作用控制;且随着季风转向和波浪减弱,沿岸输沙减弱,海滩侵蚀强度降低。而由2023年春季至夏季,沿岸输沙进一步减弱,但白城海滩各剖面均显示不同程度的侵蚀,滩砂流失加剧,与夏季强降水引起的滩砂横向顺坡向下搬运有关,并伴随着大量游客的涌入加剧了海滩的侵蚀。白城海滩侵蚀强度强-弱-强的季节阶段性变化与沿岸输沙-横向输沙的季节性转变有关,海滩表层沉积物粒度也随之产生明显的联动变化。白城海滩在秋-冬-春-夏的季节时间尺度上,剖面坡度和沉积物粒径数值均呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,海滩侵蚀强度大、沉积物粒径增加、滩面变陡,主要与沿岸输沙-横向输沙的季节性转变过程有关。研究结果对于深入理解砂泥复合型海滩动力地貌过程具有重要意义。

The Relationship between the Meridional Profile of Zonal- mean Geostrophic Wind and Station Wave at 500 hPa

The sea-level pressure (SLP), 500 hPa height, zonal-mean 500 hPa height ([Z(500)]), stationary wave eddy component of the 500 hPa height (Z(500)*) and zonal-mean 500 hPa geostrophic wind [U-g] fields poleward of 20 degreesN are examined for the period 1958-1997, with emphasis on the winter season. The relationships between the Arctic Oscillation (AO)index and algebraic difference of the zonal-mean wind in 55 degreesN and 35 degreesN (Ut) index were investigated, making use the Monte Carlo procedure, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and regression method. The leading modes of empirical orthogonal function (EOF's) of SLP are more robust than the 500 hPa height EOF's. not only in the ratio of the two largest eigenvalues, but in more zonally symmetric. Comparing the meridional profiles of zonal-mean wind amplitude associated with the AO and Ut index, the profiles for the two indexes are very similar, both with respect to amplitude and the placement of the maximum and minimum. Comparing the station wave component of 500 hPa height field regressed upon the AO and Ut index. there is one-to-one correspondence between all the major centers of action in the two maps, especially in the North Atlantic and Eurasian continent. The pattern is unlike the prominent teleconnection patterns, they have hemispheric extent and cannot be interpreted in term of the individual wavetrains.

Ionomic Profiling of Rice Genotypes and Identification of Varieties with Elemental Covariation Effects

Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental factors.Identifying ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic profiles.We cultivated 120 rice(Oryza sativa)varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements(including 3 anions)in the shoots and roots of rice.Although the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties,we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus,indica and japonica subspecies.Principal component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the subspecies.Furthermore,the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic elements.The japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects,therefore,they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies,whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid)polluted soils.We also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic profiles.Overall,the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.

Serological diagnostics of myocardium diseases based on multivariate analysis of cardiotrophic autoantibodies’ profiles

We analyzed profiles of IgG autoantibodies to 16 cardiac specific proteins and their main immunogenic region B-epitopes, in the groups of already verified cardiac pathology: acute and chronic lymphocytic myocarditis, ST elevation myocardial infarction, postinfarction remodeling of myocardium, dilated cardiomyopathy and in healthy controls along with patients, suffered from gastritis (to evaluate immune response against cross-reactive B-epitopes). AAB specific patterns allowed us to distinguish cases among themselves by means of multiparametrical canonical discriminant analysis in approximately 95% of cases. Positive predictive value in the group of MYO reached 95%, in the STEMI—89%, in the PIR—99%, in the DCM—99%, in the group of gastritis—88%. Principal component analysis of mentioned cardiac pathologies extended current clinical knowledge of their immunopathogenesis. Obtained data markedly proved a usability of serum AAB profiling for non invasive screening, differential diagnostics and working hypothesis composition.

Design and Implementation of a BPEL Profiling System by Aspect-oriented Programming

Business Process Exeention Language （BPEL） is being used in various applications as the standard of workflow. As the requirerments increase to describe application processes in BPEL, BPEL documentt is getting more Complplicated. Therefore it is difficult to describe applications in BPEL with high reliability. In order to write highly reliable BPEL document, it is necessary to check if the document is working correctly in accordance with user＇s intention. But it is difficult to carry out the test since BPEL engine doesn＇t provide a profiling function. In this paper, we suggest a BPEL system with a real-time profiling function. The suggested system consists of an integrated development environment and a BPEL nunning environment. BPEL integrated development environment has a BPEL to Java（B2J） engine, which generates and executes a Java workflow program from a BPEL document, and a converter, which converts Java Weaving XML （JWX） documents to Aspect-oriented programs. The new functions are described in JWX, which is Extensive Markup Lan-guage （XML）-based document. Since aspect-oriented programming technique provides the way to modularize main and supplemental requirements, it guarantees the low degree of coupling between BPEL workflow program and new functions by weaving them. Our approach can be extended to add other functions to provide context-aware services.