彩色光栅投影的三维轮廓自动化测量研究

为了测量物体的三维轮廓数据,提出一种基于改进彩色光栅投影三维轮廓测量技术,并利用DLP来投影彩色光栅条纹到被测物体上来测量被测物体的高度,由于DLP的投射范围太大,无法直接投射在微小物体上,因此通过自行改装的方式改变DLP的投射范围,将其投影面积限制在约20×20 mm内,使其能覆盖整个被测物体。但由于改装时所选用的DLP镜头并不是针对DLP而设计的,因此容易产生光场分布不均的情况,可对无光栅图像或有彩色光栅图像进行光场补偿,使光栅图像更为清楚,用于对被测物体进行更准确的三维轮廓测量与重建分析计算,且获取被测物体的三维数据精度可达2μm,速度在0.024 s内。实验结果表明,该方法具有更高的速度、灵敏度及适用性。

基于轮廓测量的牙膏磨损性测定法的研发概述

牙膏中的磨料是提供牙膏清洁力的主要成分之一。恰当的磨料种类选择以及添加量的设定可以为消费者提供良好的牙齿清洁效果,甚至达到较佳的外源性色斑的去除而美白牙齿。然而,不当的磨料添加会导致过度磨损牙齿,从而引起安全性问题。因此,制定方便有效的牙膏磨损性测定法一直是业界的需求。然而,由于实验条件等限制,国际上惯用的示踪法(RDA)无法在国内实施。本文介绍了一种优化后的基于轮廓仪测量法开发的RDA替代方法Radioactive Dentin Abrasivity–Profilometry Equivalent (简称RDA-PE),并对RDA-PE方法的建立、方法学验证以及与RDA方法间的关系进行了简要的介绍.。同时,对RDA-PE方法用于测定牙膏产品摩擦型性能的可行性进行了讨论。

基于质量引导的枝切法相位解包裹算法

相位解包裹是相位测量轮廓术中数据处理的关键。文中在传统Goldstein枝切法的基础上提出了一种质量引导的枝切法相位解包裹算法,旨在获得更加精确的相位解包裹结果。采用包裹相位的二阶微分作为残差检测原理的补充参数,将包裹相位二阶微分中的突变点视为无极性残差点,并利用调制度作为残差点有效性的判断依据,将低调制度的残差点视为具有更高的有效性进行局部优化以降低残差点的密度。优化后的等效残差点连接成枝切线以阻挡误差传播。采用调制度计算像素点的质量以引导相位解包裹的顺序,在解包裹路径绕开枝切线的同时优先展开高质量区域的像素点。实验结果表明,文中算法的相位解包裹结果具有更高的准确性和竞争力。

基于条纹投影的复杂结构多维度信息传感技术(内封面文章·特邀)

随着精密加工和智能制造业的高速发展,在航空航天、汽车工业、工业检测等领域中,对复杂结构,例如:发动机组件、蜂窝结构件等在生产制造与使用过程中的形貌、形变及应变等多维度信息的测量需求日益增加。最近兴起的数字图像相关辅助条纹投影技术已被证明在复杂结构的形貌和形变测量方面具有独特优势。但目前由于两类方法各自不同的技术特点,基于两者结合的形貌、形变测量方法在测量精度、效率等方面存在诸多矛盾,难以兼顾高分辨率、多维度的测量需求,阻碍了该类技术进一步拓展应用。综述了课题组近年来发展的基于条纹投影的复杂结构多维度信息传感技术及最新的研究进展,系统回顾了两类方法结合时的条纹与散斑信息干扰、原始纹理被破坏、编码效率低等技术难点,并总结了对应的解决方案,最终实现了对复合材料编织结构、颗粒膨胀减震结构以及层叠结构等复杂结构的多维度信息传感。文中所提方法在不增加额外硬件的前提下,将传统条纹投影测量系统升级为多维度信息传感系统,可以同时测量2D纹理(T)、4D形貌(x,y,z,t)以及分析维度力学参数(形变d和应变s),突破了复杂结构高分辨率、高精度纹理形貌重建与形变应变分析的技术壁垒,有望在复杂结构可靠性分析、复合材料性能评估等领域中得到应用。

基于条纹投影轮廓术的航空高光零件三维测量技术

针对航空工业零件高光表面结构光三维测量中强反光和多次反光问题,提出了基于高动态多步相移和单像素成像相结合的三维测量技术,有效地解决了测量复杂反光表面时的点云缺失和精度下降问题。对标准量块进行三维测量和精度评价,基于高动态多步相移的三维测量技术拟合均方根误差为0.0066 mm,基于单像素成像的三维测量技术拟合均方根误差为0.0046 mm。以台阶标准器作为测量目标,开展绝对尺寸测量精度验证试验,绝对偏差不大于0.007 mm。分别对金属表面结构件(如航空发动机叶轮、涡轮叶片)和碳纤维结构件进行测量试验。试验结果表明,三维测量结果基本无点云缺失,强反光和多次反光区域均获取了完整的点云数据,实现了航空工业高光零件的精密三维测量。

用于高反光表面三维重建的多任务学习方法

在基于多任务学习的高反光表面单序列投射相移轮廓术中,网络参数在优化初期往往受到过曝区域相位缺失的直接影响,进而导致网络性能受损。提出一种多任务学习方法,把网络对于折叠相位图中非过曝区域和过曝区域的拟合看作不同任务,分别计算其梯度值用于网络参数更新,并引入pareto最优化用于更新任务权值向量。同时,由于两个任务的优先级之间存在明显的先验关系,传统针对平行任务的pareto最优化理论不适用于本场景,因此提出了一种动态更新任务优先级的多任务权值搜索策略,用于根据当前学习情况自适应地更新超参数,尽量避免由于任务梯度冲突导致的网络震荡。验证实验与对比实验的结果表明,将该优化方法引入现有多任务学习框架以后,网络收敛速度得到了显著提高;同时,由于减轻了过曝区域对网络参数拟合的不利影响,该权值搜索策略最终实现了更加平滑和稠密的重建结果。

基于离焦度解包裹的结构光三维测量方法

基于结构光相位解包裹三维测量方法由于其精度较高而有广泛应用,但由于相位在超出2π时会被折叠,导致传统的结构光三维重建时需要相位解包裹。相位测量轮廓术在不连续深度处的解包裹相位较为复杂。当被测物体表面存在较大的深度差或者是测量多个平面时,由于包裹相位范围为[0,2π],在不连续处计算的相位差中存在折叠了多个2π的问题,导致解包裹失效。相位测量轮廓术在此时无准确表达物体位置信息。针对此问题,提出了一种基于离焦度解包裹的结构光三维测量方法,采用24步相移法获取包裹相位,通过时间散焦分析法确定包裹相位2π的个数来辅助进行解包裹计算。搭建了相应平台进行了实验,对所提方法进行验证。实验表明,方法较好的解决了相位测量轮廓术在深度落差较大时不能准确表达物体位置的问题,该方法可以用于获得深度落差较大场景的深度信息以及细节信息。

Automatic Measurement for Fabric Surface Shapes with Two-Dimen-sional Fourier Transform Profilometry

Two- dimensional Fourier transform profilometry (2 -D FTP) for data acquisition of fabric surface shapes isproposed. Phase unwrapping technique based on digitalweighted filter and reliability mask are employed. Ex-perimentai results of shape measurement for several fab-ric appearances are given. From the measured results, itis shown that this method can make up for not only thedisadvantage of the gray level image analysis which isonly suitable for simple structure and solid - pattern fab-ric, but also the low speed and high cost of laser dotscanning technique.

基于结构光的三维重建研究方法

随着测量技术的不断发展,快速且精准地获取物体三维信息成为研究的热点。传统测量方法存在精度有限且需要在被测物体上添加传感器的问题。因此,提出了根据正弦条纹结构光投影时条纹产生的形变,采用相依轮廓术对目标物的三维重建。在提出的模型中,实验结果表明,在重建精度和测量速度等方面都有着优越的性能。

用于绝对相位恢复的鲁棒相位编码方法

相位编码方法已广泛用于条纹投影轮廓术(fringe projection profilometry, FPP)中的绝对相位恢复,然而FPP系统的gamma非线性严重影响了系统的鲁棒性和精度。从扭曲条纹图案中提取的包裹相位将偏离实际相位,不能直接用于恢复绝对相位。为解决这个问题,提出一种基于有效非线性校正策略的鲁棒相位编码方法。首先,通过相位直方图均衡(phase histogram equalization, PHE)方法调整失真的包裹相位,以获得校正的包裹相位。理论研究表明,非线性相位误差的频率是理想相位的3倍,因此提出使用相移直方图均衡(shifted-phase histogram equalization,SHE)方法进一步减小非线性相位误差。然后,通过Hermite插值算法拟合连续函数,减少SHE方法所引入的离散化误差。仿真和实验结果都表明,在gamma非线性情况下,所提方法比传统方法更具鲁棒性。

Deep-learning-enabled dual-frequency composite fringe projection profilometry for single-shot absolute 3D shape measurement

Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a single fringe image.In this paper,we demonstrate that the deep neural networks can be trained to directly recover the absolute phase from a unique fringe image that involves spatially multiplexed fringe patterns of different frequencies.The extracted phase is free from spectrum-aliasing problem which is hard to avoid for traditional spatial-multiplexing methods.Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes show that the proposed approach is robust to object motion and can obtain high-quality 3D reconstructions of isolated objects within a single fringe image.

Nonlinear effect of the structured light profilometry in the phase-shifting method and error correction

Digital structured light （SL） profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional （3D） measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measurement accuracy. In this paper, first, we review the nonlinear effects of the projector-camera system in the phase-shifting structured light depth measurement method. We show that high order harmonic wave components lead to phase error in the phase-shifting method. Then a practical method based on frequency domain filtering is proposed for nonlinear error reduction. By using this method, the nonlinear calibration of the SL system is not required. Moreover, both the nonlinear effects of the projector and the camera can be effectively reduced. The simulations and experiments have verified our nonlinear correction method.

DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT USING DUAL-FREQUENCY PROJECTION GRATING PHASE-SHIFT PROFILOMETRY

2π phase ambiguity problem is very important in phase measurement when a deformed object has a large out of plane displacement. The dual-frequency projection grating phaseshifting profilometry （PSP） can be used to solve such an issue. In the measurement, two properchosen frequency gratings are utilized to synthesize an equivalent wavelength grating which ensures the computed phase in a principal phase range. Thus, the error caused by the phase unwrapping process with the conventional phase reconstruct algorithm can be eliminated. Finally, experimental result of a specimen with large plastic deformation is given to prove that the proposed method is effective to handle the phase discontinuity.

Automated Phase-measuring Profilometry of 3-D Diffuse Objects Using a Single Phase Step Method

The technique of phase measuring profilometry using a single phase step method is proposed.This method can automatically obtain phase value at each pixel by using a discret cosine transform algorithm.The method is able to automatically recognize any position between depression and elevation on an object surface.Theoretical analysis and experimental verification are presented.

Urethral pressure profilometry in artificial urinary sphincter implantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Artificial urethral sphincter(AUS)implantation is currently the gold standard for treating moderate and severe urinary incontinence.Currently,cuffs are chosen based on the surgeon’s experience,and adjusting cuff tightness is crucial.The TDOC air-charged catheter has not been proven to be inferior to traditional catheters.We report how intraoperative urethral pressure profilometry is performed using a T-DOC air-charged catheter with ambulatory urodynamic equipment,to guide cuff selection and adjustment.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old man presented to our hospital with complete urinary incontinence following transurethral prostatectomy,using five pads/d to maintain local dryness.Preoperatively,the maximum urethral pressure(MUP)and maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP)were 52 cmH2O and 17 cmH2O,respectively.An AUS was implanted.Intraoperatively,in the inactivated state,the MUP and MUCP were 53 cmH2O and 50 cmH2O,respectively;in the activated state,they were 112 cmH2O and 109 cmH2O,respectively.The pump was activated 6 wk postoperatively.Re-measurement of the urethral pressure on the same day showed that in the inactivated state,MUP and MUCP were 89 cmH2O and 51 cmH2O,respectively,and in the activated state,120 cmH2O and 92 cmH2O,respectively.One month after device activation,telephonic follow-up revealed that pad use had decreased from five pads/d to one pad/d,which met the standard for social continence(0-1 pad per day).There were no complications.CONCLUSION The relationship between intraoperative urethral pressure and urinary continence post-surgery can provide data for standardizing AUS implantation and evaluating efficacy.

Profilometry with Grating Projection Based on One-step Phase Shift

An optical technique for 3 D shape measurement is presented. This technique, based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries 3 D information of the measured object, can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using one step phase shift algorithm.In comparison with traditional phase shift technique, the technique is much faster, with the equivalent accuracy. Only one frame image is sufficient for measuring. Experimental result of typical object is presented.

Effect of the nonlinearity of the CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy

In Fourier transform profilometry （FTP）, we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device （CCD） and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and a simple physical ex- planation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the proposed theory and method.

Quality Guided Phase Unwrapping for Fringe Projection Profilometry

Fringe projection technique is a non-contact, full field 3-D shape measurement method. The object depth information is recorded in one or several deformed fringe patterns. The phase-shifting algorithm or the Fourier transform method can be used to extract the wrapped phase data. A phase unwrapping process is then applied to retrieve a continuous phase distribution, which represents the surface profile of the test object. In this paper, a quality-guided phase unwrapping approach is incorporated and two novel phase quality evaluation methods are proposed to facilitate the phase unwrapping process.

Application of 3D Projection Profilometry in the High Speed Impaction Surface Deformation Measurement Research

In order to study the strength of the composite material plate problems, need to adopt a nondestructive testing method to obtain the specimen surface under the effect of high-speed impact regularity of shape. The projection profilometry was used to measure the surface profile or the full field deformation. Furtherly, by using the Fourier transform algorithm, there is only one frame of captured image which is needed in the measurement, so that it can be introduced into the high speed impaction procedure measurement. An experimental system, which was contained with an impact setup and the projection profilometry measurement part, was constructed for the impaction action characteristic research. The metallic impact object can be launched by a gas gun or a spin fan, respectively. The detected object is manufactured by composite materials. In order to increase the surface deformation measurement accuracy, the calibration method and the error was discussed with different calibration specimen. And then, the proposed profilometry measurement method is proved by the gas gun and spin fan projectile test. The surface deformation of the manufactured composite plates and fan case are measured in the impaction procedure. So that the impact action details can be described much more clearly than the traditional video monitoring method.

共焦三维超精密测量技术研究进展

三维超精密测量技术对提升高端装备制造质量具有基础支撑作用。随着先进制造技术的不断进步,减小系统测量误差和扩大测量范围已成为三维超精密测量技术发展的关键。近年来,共焦三维测量技术发展迅猛,其应用领域也从生物医学逐步扩展到加工制造领域。本文系统介绍了共焦三维测量技术的研究现状和应用进展,从技术原理角度阐述了提高共焦三维测量分辨力以及扩大共焦三维测量范围的方法,对比总结了干涉共焦测量、差动共焦三维测量、光谱共焦测量等技术的相关研究成果,详细介绍了共焦三维测量技术在表面轮廓测量、微结构特征尺寸测量和关键部件内间隙测量等领域的应用情况,并在此基础上,对共焦三维测量技术的未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为后续研究提供技术参考。