Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design:Current strategies and research progress

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation,antitoxin,and immunosuppression,glucocorticoids(GCs)are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus,nephritis,arthritis,ulcerative colitis,asthma,keratitis,macular edema,and leukemia.However,longterm use often causes undesirable side effects,including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome(buffalo back,full moon face,hyperglycemia,etc.),osteoporosis,aggravated infection,psychosis,glaucoma,and cataract.These notorious side effects seriously compromise patients'quality of life,especially in patients with chronic diseases.Therefore,glucocorticoid-based advanced drug delivery systems for reducing adverse effects have received extensive attention.Among them,prodrugs have the advantages of low investment,low risk,and high success rate,making them a promising strategy.In this review,we propose the strategies for the design and summarize current research progress of glucocorticoid-based prodrugs in recent decades,including polymer-based prodrugs,dendrimer-based prodrugs,antibody-drug conjugates,peptide-drug conjugates,carbohydrate-based prodrugs,aliphatic acid-based prodrugs and so on.Besides,we also raise issues that need to be focused on during the development of glucocorticoid-based prodrugs.This review is expected to be helpful for the research and development of novel GCs and prodrugs.

Research progress on natural products against hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a prevalent and challenging malignancy globally,characterized by its numerous causal factors and generally unfavorable prognosis.In the relentless pursuit of effective treatment modalities,natural products have emerged as a promising and relatively non-toxic alternative,garnering significant interest.The integration of natural products with contemporary medical research has yielded encouraging therapeutic outcomes in the management of HCC.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the causal factors underlying HCC,and the diverse treatment options available,and highlights the advancements made by natural products in anti-HCC research.Particularly,we provide an outline of the various types of natural products,their corresponding nomenclature,target molecules,and mechanisms of action that exhibit anti-HCC activities.Natural products are anticipated to play a pivotal role in future comprehensive treatment plans for liver cancer,potentially offering patients improved survival rates and an enhanced quality of life.

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)within patients with cancer,known as cancer-associated thrombosis(CAT),stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population.Over recent years,the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types,influenced by several factors such as patient management,tumor-specific risks,and treatment-related aspects.Furthermore,mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes.We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT.This review elucidates the risks,mechanisms,reliable markers,and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.

Research progress in mitochondrial autophagy mediated by BNIP3

Mitochondrial autophagy is widely found in mammals,and plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial balance and mitochondrial quality control in cells.In this review,we reviewed the research progress of BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and diseases in recent 5 years,providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Research progress on dynamic monitoring of ctDNA and drug resistance related concomitant mutations in non-small cell lung cancer

Owing to significantly prolonged survival,targeted therapy has become standardized recommendation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with mutated driver genes.However,the genetic status of lung cancer patients is dynamic.By dynamically monitoring the evolution of genes status,differential genes and concomitant genes related to progressive disease could be confirmed early,so as to achieve a more accurate and comprehensive insight of the whole process management of targeted therapy for lung cancer patients.Under the guidance of accurate genetic testing results,it is helpful to provide patients with more effective,long-term,and stable individualized targeted therapy.

Research Progress on Pathogens of Main Diseases of Dictyophora rubrovalvata and Their Occurrence

Dictyophora rubrovalvata is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value.It contains various nutrients and bioactive components,and has immunomodulation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis-protection effects.With the continuous expansion of planting area of Dictyophora,the disease problem has become a major problem affecting the development of Dictyophora industry.In this paper,the pathogens,harmful symptoms and causes of main diseases in Dictyophora were summarized,so as to provide reference for comprehensive control of Dictyophora diseases and promote the high-quality development of Dictyophora industry.

Research Progress of QuEChERS Pretreatment Technique in the Detection of Multiple Pesticide Residues

The QuEChERS extraction technique is a pretreatment technique that has been rapidly applied in recent years and is widely used in the field of pesticide residues with many advantages. This technique is based on solid phase extraction (SPE), which uses the interaction between adsorbent and impurities in the matrix to achieve the purpose of purification. The method has easier operation and better purification effect than SPE. In this paper, the research progress of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in different fields in recent years and its future development were reviewed, hoping to provide reference for further development and utilization of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in the future.

Clinical Application and Research Progress of Common Event-Related Potentials

This paper review focuses on the diagnostic application and clinical efficacy correlation of event-related potentials,such as P300,MMN,CNV and N400,in patients with depression,and provides a reliable theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prognosis of later depression.

Research Progress of Dai and Western Medicine in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis

This paper reviews the pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria,and treatment means of gouty arthritis from the perspectives of Western medicine and Dai medicine in order to provide a reference for clinical medication.

Research Progress on Modern Biological Mechanism of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Gouty Nephropathy

Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of gouty nephropathy often uses single drugs and compound formulae to regulate uric acid,which has the effect of lowering uric acid,protecting the kidneys and improving clinical symptoms.In conclusion,the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine against gouty nephropathy mainly involves oxidative stress,inflammatory response,etc.,with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of gouty nephropathy by Chinese medicine.

Research Progress and Prospects of Total Factor Productivity in the Construction Industry

The high-quality development of the construction industry fundamentally stems from the significant improvement of total factor productivity.Therefore,it is of crucial significance for promoting the development of the construction industry to a higher level by scientifically and accurately measuring the total factor productivity of the construction industry and deeply analyzing the influencing factors behind it.Based on a comprehensive consideration of research methods and influencing factors,this paper systematically reviews the existing relevant literature on total factor productivity in the construction industry,aiming to reveal the current research development trend in this field and point out potential problems.This effort aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation and valuable reference for further in-depth research,and jointly promote the continuous progress and development of total factor productivity research in the construction industry.

Research Progress on Flexible Ureteroscopy

The ureteroscopic surgical technique has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an important method of urological surgery. The manufacturing and production of corresponding ureteroscopes are also constantly improving. This article systematically reviews and analyzes existing literature, summarizes the characteristics of various ureteroscopes in recent years, studies the advantages and disadvantages of ureteroscopes with different characteristics, summarizes relevant clinical experience in the use of ureteroscopes, and provides preliminary prospects for the future development of ureteroscopes. The results indicate that disposable electronic ureteroscopes and robotic ureteroscope systems may be an important development direction in the future.

Research Progress of Measuring Tools for Patient Medication Compliance

This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.

Progress in biological research on Tupaia belangeri

Tupaia belangeri,as a typical tropical species,has high value in biological research.It has the characteristics of small body size,high brain to body mass ratio,short reproductive cycle,short lifespan,and low maintenance cost.In biomedical research,experimental animals considered as substitutes for primates.This review discusses the systematic classification,distribution,and research progress of Scandentia.Emphasis was focus on the research progress,developmental status,and basic biological research in T.belangeri.Believing that the T.belangeri,as the closest species to humans,has many advantages as an experimental animal,and it can be further widely applied in human disease research.Therefore,how to create a clear and stable strain of T.belangeri with a clear genetic background is crucial for the development of the national economy and scientific research.

Research Progress of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Energetic Material Field at Home and Abroad

As a subversive manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing technology has many technical advantages such as high freedom of design and not limited by complex structure of parts. The application of additive manufacturing technology to the charge molding of energetic materials will subvert the traditional manufacturing concept of energetic materials, realize the advanced charge design concept, shorten the research and development time of weapons and equipment, and improve the comprehensive performance of weapons and equipment, which is of great significance for the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment. This paper analyzes the research progress of additive manufacturing technology in the field of energetic materials at home and abroad and puts forward some suggestions for future research of this technology. .

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Primary Enuresis in Children

Nocturnal enuresis(NE)is a common disease in children,commonly known as bedwetting.The International Children's Continence Society(ICCS)defines intermittent urinary incontinence during nighttime sleep in children aged 5 and above as enuresis.Enuresis can be divided into two types:primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE)and secondary nocturnal enuresis(SNE).PNE refers to nocturnal urinary control ability that has never been achieved for more than 6 months in children aged 5 and above with enuresis;SNE refers to the recurrence of enuresis symptoms after a period of more than 6 months of continuous nocturnal urinary control ability.SNE is relatively rare in clinical practice and is often caused by sudden stress events or other diseases such as snoring.Its pathogenesis and treatment are different from PNE.PNE is a multifactorial disease related to genetics,and its pathogenesis is not fully understood.There are not many research and review articles on its pathogenesis.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PNE.The following is a summary.

Progress of Research on the Effect of Dietary Care on Patients with Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

Gastritis gastric ulcer is a common disease of the digestive system,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and health of affected individuals.Dietary care is one of the important measures to treat and prevent gastritis gastric ulcers.This paper reviews the research progress on the impact of dietary care on patients with gastritis and gastric ulcers,including dietary behavioral intervention,dietary habit cultivation,dietary hygiene education,and nutritional support.Studies have shown that rational dietary care was able to improve the clinical symptoms of patients,regulate the intestinal microbial community,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and other pathways to improve the pathophysiological state of patients with gastritis and gastric ulcer and prevent recurrence.Therefore,dietary care is of great significance to patients with gastritis and gastric ulcers.

Research Progress on the Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect and Mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease and the most common pathological change of cardiovascular disease.Its pathogenesis is closely related to inflammation,oxidative stress,lipid accumulation,and calcinosis.Tetramethylpyrazine plays an anti-atherosclerotic role by regulating lipid metabolism,inhibiting foam cell formation,alleviating inflammation,inhibiting vascular calcification and abnormal platelet activation,and has a cardiovascular protective effect.Therefore,this paper summarized the research progress of the anti-atherosclerosis effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine.

Research Progress on the Influencing Factors and Preventive Interventions of Iron Deficiency

Iron is an important element that maintains the normal operation of the body.It not only participates in various physiological reactions as a component of various enzymes,but also is an indispensable component in the synthesis of hemoglobin(Hb)and myoglobin,which transport oxygen.About two-thirds of the iron in the body is stored in the Hb of red blood cells,with a small amount present in myoglobin in muscle tissue and enzymes required for various metabolic reactions.The remaining amount is mostly in the form of ferritin as a mobilized iron reserve.When dietary iron intake is limited and the stored iron in the body is insufficient or depleted,iron deficiency occurs.Iron deficiency can be further divided into three stages based on their severity,namely iron deficiency(ID),iron deficiency erythropoiesis(IDE),and iron deficiency anemia(IDA).This study aims to explore the prevalence,diagnosis and differentiation,influencing factors,and preventive interventions of iron deficiency.

Research Progress in Detection of Explosives by Chemical Colorimetric Method

This article reviews the current application status and research progress of colorimetric detection methods based on chemical colorimetry in the detection of explosives.It mainly introduced colorimetric sensors,colorimetric sensor arrays,and chemical colorimetric sensors based on novel material substrates.The application prospect of chemical colorimetric method in the field of explosives detection was prospected.