Control Measures of Soil Erosion in a Typical Construction Project Area ( Dina 2 Gas Field)

To treat the relationship between project construction and ecological environment and effectively prevent new soil erosion during the construction, according to the project layout, soil erosion distribution as well as natural and socio-economic conditions, the control measures of newly increased soil erosion along the project were carried out based on site survey and analysis of relevant information. In addition, adhering to the prin- ciple of partition prevention and treatment, some guiding prevention and control measures of the natural zone passed by the project and soil erosion control district were determined, which provided scientific references and technical support for the rational layout of water and soil conservation and ecological restoration measures in Dina 2 gas field.

A new method of calculating crown projection area and its comparative accuracy with conventional calculations for asymmetric tree crowns

This paper introduces a new method of calculating crown projection area(CPA),the area of level ground covered by a vertical projection of a tree crown from measured crown radii through numerical interpolation and integration.This novel method and other four existing methods of calculating CPA were compared using detailed crown radius measurements from 30 tall trees of Eucalyptus pilularis variable in crown size,shape,and asymmetry.The four existing methods included the polygonal approach and three ways of calculating CPA as the area of a circle using the arithmetic,geometric and quadratic mean radius.Comparisons were made across a sequence of eight non-consecutive numbers(from 2 to 16)of measured crown radii for each tree over the range of crown asymmetry of the 30 trees through generalized linear models and multiple comparisons of means.The sequence covered the range of the number of crown radii measured for calculating the CPA of a tree in the literature.A crown asymmetry index within the unit interval was calculated for each tree to serve as a normative measure.With a slight overestimation of 2.2%on average and an overall mean error size of 7.9%across the numbers of crown radii that were compared,our new method was the least biased and most accurate.Calculating CPA as a circle using the quadratic mean crown radius was the second best,which had an average overestimation of 4.5%and overall mean error size of 8.8%.These two methods remained by and large unbiased as crown asymmetry increased,while the other three methods showed larger bias of underestimation.For the conventional method of using the arithmetic mean crown radius to calculate CPA as a circle,bias correction factors were developed as a function of crown asymmetry index to delineate the increasing magnitude of bias associated with greater degrees of crown asymmetry.This study reveals and demonstrates such relationships between the accuracy of CPA calculations and crown asymmetry and will help increase awareness among researchers and practitioners on the existence of bias in their CPA calculations and for the need to use an unbiased method in the future.Our new method is recommended for calculating CPA where at least four crown radius measurements per tree are available because that is the minimum number required for its use.

Application of Harmony and Integrity Culture in Tourism Project Planning—A Case Study of Lumingling Scenic Area

Significance of tourism project planning in the transformation of tourism resources to tourist products was analyzed,it was proposed that culture is the soul of tourism project planning,harmony and integrity culture is the essence of Chinese cultures.Connotations and types of harmony and integrity culture were elaborated,such as harmony and integrity of human and nature,harmony and integrity of the society,harmony and integrity of the ego.On this basis,relationship between harmony and integrity and tourism projects was expounded,harmony and integrity culture was stressed as the source of tourism projects,and tourism projects as optimal carriers of demonstrating and inheriting harmony and integrity culture.Lumingling Scenic Area in south Jingxing County,Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province was taken for an example to analyze the application of harmony and integrity culture in concrete planning of tourist projects from the perspectives of functional orientation,theme orientation and functional division.

Estimation of projected surface area of irregularly shaped fragments

The essence and the main contribution of this paper are consisted of the suggested novel method for estimation of a projected surface area of an irregularly shaped fragment, which represents a significant step toward a new method of an aerodynamic force estimation of a fragment motion through a resistive medium. The suggested method is to use a tri-axial ellipsoid that has a continuous surface(given as a mathematical function) to approximate an irregularly shaped fragment so that the fragment trajectory can be estimated faster taking into consideration that the aerodynamic force is proportional to a projected surface area of the fragment.During their motion, fragments can take any orientation relative to the velocity vector and aerodynamic force is proportional to a projected surface area of fragment perpendicular to the velocity vector,so it is necessary to have a method for correct estimation of the projected area in an arbitrary direction relatively to the fragment.The model was validated with analytical and CAD techniques, and verified using 3D model of a real fragment. The comparison of the projected surface area values for the fragment, obtained using the CAD tools and using our model, are generally in good agreement, This method represents a step toward modeling that does not require a CFD result for estimation of the aerodynamic force of irregularly shaped bodies.

ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF APOPLECTIC HEMIPLEGIA TREATED BY NEEDLING AROUND THE PROJECTIVE AREA ON THE SCALP OF FOCUS LOCATED WITH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE(NMR)

Sixty-one patients of ischemic apoplectic hemiplegia were randomly divided into group ofneedling around the ipsilateral projective area on the scalp of the fOcus (group A) and group of scalpacupuncture (group B). After 30 treatments, there is a significant difference between the therapeuticeffects of two groups (P < 0. 05 ), the former is better than the latter. It suggests that the method ofneedling around the projective area on the scalp of the focus is an effective and a feasible

南水北调西线工程水源区可调水量“十问”

南水北调西线工程是我国“四横三纵”国家水网主骨架尚待建设的最后一环,而水源区可调水量是西线工程规划论证面临的焦点和难点问题。本文从水资源本底条件与演变趋势,生态环境与经济社会发展需水,调蓄水库与输水工程规模,调水对水源区及其下游水资源开发利用、水生态环境、水力发电、航运等方面影响的角度,提出了与水源区可调水量相关的10个问题;以长江上游分布式水文模型为基础,建立了南水北调西线工程水源区可调水量模拟分析模型,力图系统、定量地回答所提问题。本文的主要研究结论有:在仅考虑满足水源区河道内外生态环境和经济社会需水的前提下,“上线+下线”组合方案多年平均可调水量为1.59×10^(10)m^(3),“完全下线”方案在建设岗托水库进行联调时,多年平均可调水量将达到1.74×10^(10)m^(3);在综合考虑调水对水源区水平衡、水力发电和航运影响及其可接受程度后,南水北调西线水源区可调水量为1.22×10^(10)~1.26×10^(10)m^(3)。长远来看,应谋划西南片区水网与国家水网主骨架、“大动脉”的连接与融合,在减小南水北调西线工程调水影响的同时,提高南水北调西线工程的整体供水能力以及对气候变化等外部条件的适应性。

基于节段模型测力方法的塔式起重机风荷载特性研究

塔式起重机被广泛应用于铁道工程和土木工程施工过程,属于高耸结构体系,风荷载是塔式起重机结构设计的控制性荷载。为完善《塔式起重机设计规范》(GB/T 13752—2017)和《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009—2012)中的塔式起重机斜风向设计风荷载计算方法,解决风向、吊臂、平衡臂位置等因素对塔式起重机遮挡和干扰引起的设计风荷载计算问题。选取平头塔式起重机为研究对象,对塔身、吊臂、平衡臂进行多工况的节段模型测力风洞试验,研究湍流强度、节段干扰和遮挡等因素对塔式起重机节段风荷载特性的影响规律,研究不同风向下节段阻力系数分布规律,对比标准化阻力系数与当前主要规范的异同,进而探讨节段斜风向标准化阻力系数计算方法。研究结果表明湍流强度对节段阻力系数影响较小,可忽略,而平衡臂和吊臂相邻节段的干扰会减小测试节段的阻力系数;在斜风向下,由于吊臂和平衡臂之间存在相邻节段干扰,国内外规范方法的计算值均会大于干扰工况的节段风洞试验值;当前主要国家规范规定的垂直风向塔身、吊臂、平衡臂阻力系数与风洞试验测得的阻力系数值较为接近,基于风洞试验结果给出典型风向的塔式起重机各节段的风荷载系数取值可用于结构设计;基于风洞试验测试结果推导的塔式起重机斜风向风荷载计算方法具有较好的拟合效果。研究成果可推荐相关工程应用,可为相关规范的修改或补充提供参考。

Coupling interaction between biodiversity and aquatic habitat area in Western Route Project vicinity

The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project will divert water from the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries, the Dadu River and Yalong River, to the upper Yellow River. The project may ease the water shortage in the Yellow River Basin. However, it may also have some effects on the ecosystem in the upper Yangtze River Basin. Benthic invertebrates play an important role in the river ecosystem, particularly in the circulation of materials and nutrition. Benthic invertebrates are widely used to quickly assess river ecosystems because of their rapid response to changes in the water environment. The diversity of benthic invertebrates is closely associated with the aquatic habitat area. This study examined this interaction by sampling the benthic invertebrates in an expanding area. The conclusions are that the diversity of benthic invertebrates begins to decrease when the aquatic habitat area is reduced to 45% of the original area, and decreases dramatically when the aquatic habitat area is reduced to 10% of the original area. The aquatic habitat area should be kept at more than 45% of the original area in order to maintain the significant diversity of benthic invertebrates.

The Poverty Alleviation Model for the Solitary Elderly People in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Southwest China: Analysis of "Five Batches Project" in Xundian County

The solitary elderly people in rural areas are not only an important part of the rural population,but also an important issue that can not be ignored in the battle to get rid of poverty. In recent years,according to the working thinking of ' accurate statistics,scientific arrangement,classified implementation,and rapid progress',Xundian County has gone through joint exploration and practice at the county and township levels,and has found out the path of work of ' Five Batches Project' to solve the problem of poverty alleviation for the solitary elderly people and make them live in their own homes. This has effectively solved the problem of safe and stable housing for 4 443 solitary elderly people in the county. It has found a new way to solve the housing problem of the solitary elderly people. At the end of 2017,the incidence of poverty in the county dropped to 0. 35%,and it was successfully listed as one of the first counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. Based on field research and interviews,this paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main achievements,practical experience,lessons and reference of the poverty alleviation model of ' Five Batches Project' in Xundian County to solve the problem of housing for the elderly,in order to provide necessary reference for the poor counties in Yunnan Province and other similar provinces( cities,autonomous regions) to solve the problem of housing for ' solitary elderly people' in Yunnan Province.

基于三维扫描的织物多方向可视化弯曲性测试方法

目前常用弯曲性测试方法每次只能测试织物一个方向的弯曲性能,不能直接观察到织物不同方向的弯曲形态,且需要多次裁样、重复测试,耗时费力;针对这种情况,提出了一种多方向可视化织物弯曲性测试方法。以20种织物为测试对象,利用三维扫描技术获取织物弯曲形态的点云图像;基于所得图像提取投影周长、投影面积和截面积3个新指标;最后分析新指标与抗弯长度的关系。结果发现:新指标与斜面法中的抗弯长度有较好的相关性;织物底端的截面积能较好地体现织物整体的弯曲性能,这表明提出的方法具有良好的可行性。该方法一次测量可得到织物经纬向、斜向的弯曲指标,且每个方向分别有5个样条,有效提升了测试效率;同时利用三维扫描技术可以更加直观精确地描述织物弯曲形态。

南水北调中线受水区水资源利用效率及影响因素

为提升南水北调中线工程受水区水资源利用效率,以工程沿线北京、天津2个直辖市和河南、河北18个省辖市共计20个地域单元为研究区域,基于2015—2021年面板数据,采用Super-SBM模型、GML模型及sys-GMM估计法对受水区水资源利用效率进行测度,对影响因素进行识别。结果表明:全区水资源静态利用效率总体偏低但呈波动上升态势,区域差异较大,呈京津板块>河南板块>河北板块格局,空间上呈现以京津冀、郑州2个都市圈为核心向外围逐渐递减的“核心-外围”结构;全区水资源动态利用效率整体呈波动上升趋势,主要源于技术进步,而技术效率作用有限;经济发展水平、水资源禀赋、科技水平、城镇化进程、人口密度与水资源利用效率显著正相关,水污染程度、产业结构、环境规制与水资源利用效率显著负相关。

金沙江下游梯级水电工程库区生态系统服务价值演化及权衡协同关系

基于生态系统服务变化指数、相关分析及空间自相关等方法,对金沙江下游梯级水电工程库区2005—2018年生态系统服务价值进行定量分析,探索库区生态系统服务权衡协同关系的时空演变规律。结果表明:(1)2018年库区生态系统服务价值达到940亿元,研究期间生态系统服务价值总量增加42亿元。(2)库区生态系统服务价值空间分布较为稳定,呈现南高北低格局,空间相关类型均为正相关,生态系统服务价值增益地区集聚于金沙江沿岸。(3)库区生态系统支持服务与供给、调节、文化服务之间表现为权衡关系,供给、调节、文化服务两两之间表现为协同关系,各乡镇生态系统服务的相关关系以协同关系为主。研究结果进一步证明水电工程的实施能改善库区生态系统服务功能,为库区环境保护和土地资源可持续利用提供技术支撑。

长江口横沙地区演化过程及保护利用思考

长江口横沙地区的保护和利用一直是近年来的热门话题。本文对横沙岛、横沙新洲的成陆过程以及浅滩的近期演化特征进行了总结和回顾,基于国家战略和前人的利用设想,提出了横沙地区目前面临的灾害和未来利用需要论证的制约因素。横沙岛于1958年定界成陆,横沙新洲(东滩)在历史大洪水切割以及航道工程和促淤圈围等作用下于2021年成陆,横沙浅滩目前“长高不长大”,处于萎缩性演化态势。文章基于“长江大保护”国家战略,总结了前人提出的一些利用设想,认为需要综合研判横沙地区的保护利用模式。目前横沙地区主要面临流域输沙偏低和海平面上升带来的浅滩侵蚀问题,建议结合固沙保滩工程利用周围航道的疏浚土资源,未来利用也需要深入研究横沙地区生态保护、基底稳定、航道冲淤、盐水入侵以及极端气候等承载力问题。

机织钩面粘扣带表面质量的机器视觉检测方法

针对机织钩面粘扣带表面质量人工检测中存在的精度低等问题,提出了基于机器视觉的机织钩面粘扣带表面质量检测方法。通过单目视觉的切向成像获得粘扣带表面的单行图像,避免了粘扣带相邻行之间的干扰。对单行粘扣带图像进行预处理后,采用投影法对其进行水平投影和垂直投影,提取粘扣带表面单行图像中的每个钩扣状区域,基于连通域统计法判别钩扣状区域的切割状态,计算其切开率,通过统计数据表征粘扣带表面质量。实验结果表明,该方法对机织钩面粘扣带表面质量的检测相对误差为1%,具有较高的稳定性。

我国陆地边境地区人口未来发展趋势预测

我国陆地边境地区在国家总体安全、区域协调发展和对外开放等重大战略上占有独特地位。人口之于边境地区安全、发展具有特殊地位和重要意义。文章在探讨边境人口预测必要性与可行性的基础上,利用第六次和第七次全国人口普查数据,以队列要素法为基础,对未来50年我国陆地边境地区人口增长和人口结构变动趋势进行了多情景预测。预测结果显示,无论在何种预测方案下,未来陆地边境地区的人口负增长趋势都将长期延续,2050~2060年,人口内生负增长趋势将在所有边境地区蔓延开来。在考虑人口迁移的情况下,陆地边境人口总规模下降速度更快,尤其在2040~2070年后,人口迁移流动对人口负增长的加速作用将更为明显。人口结构方面,未来边境人口老龄化速度将更快。劳动年龄人口比重和育龄妇女的比重则将持续下降。考虑人口迁移的情况下,吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古陆地边境地区还将面临严峻的人口结构失衡与生育潜力削弱的问题。要立足边境人口负增长将长期持续的现实,重视提高边境人口生产生活条件,增强居留稳定性;充分发挥边境地区政策优势与固有优势,培养与吸引人才;提高边境地区生育潜力,放宽边境生育限制,关注生育主体的需求;充分考虑不同边境地区发展条件,探索符合边境地区现实情况的人口方案。

基于网络文本分析的无锡拈花湾景区旅游投射形象和感知形象对比研究

基于形象感知理论和网络传播学理论,采用网络文本分析工具对无锡拈花湾景区官方投射形象与游客感知形象进行比较分析。研究发现:两者在旅游吸引物、旅游环境、旅游设施与服务、旅游体验等方面存在一定的异同,其中旅游吸引物的游客感知形象与官方投射形象的一致性较高,旅游设施和服务的游客感知形象与官方投射形象存在较大偏差。通过IPA模型分析提出建议:在维持区域,应继续保持并强化优势;在改进区域,应加大对景区人员服务、停车服务、交通服务等的宣传力度;在机会区域,可以与周边景区互动,延长游客逗留时间,增加旅游消费;在优势区域,应充分利用天然优势,开发适合不同游客群体的旅游新产品。

建设生产类项目水土流失预测的差异性研究

建设生产类项目和建设类项目水土流失预测方法大体相同,只有微弱的差异。差异性主要体现在预测时段划分、水土流失面积和土壤侵蚀模数的确定3个重要方面,由于其微弱性往往被许多学者忽视。文章从这三方面对建设生产类项目的水土流失预测展开研究,分析二者的共性与个性,以及在编制中的常见问题,并通过实例进行演练。

沿海港口疏浚工程悬浮物浓度遥感反演研究

为对沿海港口疏浚工程产生的悬浮物浓度进行有效的高时空分辨率动态监测,利用静止轨道卫星GOCIⅡ高时空分辨率的优势,根据实测水质样本悬浮物浓度数据和卫星遥感影像预处理后的遥感反射率,采用参数相关分析方法选取反演波段,建立基于单波段和波段比值的指数、线性、对数、多项式等反演模型,比选出最优模型并进行验证。应用该模型对某港区某日航道维护性疏浚作业水域以及倾倒水域的悬浮物浓度变化情况进行监测,结果表明其高时空分辨率的优势能更好地适应范围小、水质变化迅速的疏浚作业区和倾倒区特点,可追踪监测工程区域及周围海域悬浮物浓度的连续变化,为绿色疏浚提供参考。

基于结构光场辅助的面阵定位投影标示技术研发

以一套数字光处理面阵投影装置和一个工业相机作为基本硬件平台,研发了三维定位标示原型系统i-Guider,阐述了i-Guider系统的工作原理和关键技术。在数字光处理投影仪中固化一组正弦相移条纹结构光图像,将投影仪作为逆成像装置,在结构光场的辅助下利用一块平面标定板实现相机–投影仪内外参数的精确标定。对于三维数模上的曲线轮廓、操作说明等操作信息,提出一种现场自动生成标示信息定位投影图像的方法,并通过HDMI端口将现场生成的标示信息投影图像传递给面阵投影仪,实现操作信息在三维工件实物上的精确定位标示。以一个机身蒙皮试验件为对象,开展了蒙皮定位钻铆三维标示试验,结果表明,i-Guider系统定位投影标示精度在0.25 mm以内,且具有良好的三维定位标示效果。