Inter-Organizational Conflict (IOC) in Building Refurbishment Projects;an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach

Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.

A Study on Factors Influencing Cost Overrun in High-rise Building Construction across India

Cost overrun is a common problem in construction projects worldwide.Most Indian construction projects,particularly those involving high-rise buildings,have had severe cost overruns.For managers,architects,engineers,and contractors,completing building projects within the specified cost budget has become the most important and hard assignment.Since it is common for high-rise building projects to go over budget,the aim of this study is to find out the causes of cost overruns and provide effective measures.The study found 70 cost overrun factors based on a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions.A Google form questionnaire was distributed to 150 construction professionals across India.After following up,101 of the 150 responses were received.A five-point Likert scale was used and the acquired data was analyzed and ranked using the Relative Importance Index(RII)technique.According to the findings of RII,the top ten critical factors influencing cost overruns were frequent change orders during construction by the owner,delay in construction,escalation of material prices,market inflation or deflation,rework,frequent changes in design,inaccurate evaluation of the project timeline,unforeseen ground condition,inaccurate quantity take-off,and delay in progressive payment by the owner.Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed that there is a very significant relationship between the rankings of factors provided by the owner,the consultant,and the contractor.In addition,a factor analysis tool in the SPSS software was also used to categorize the seventy factors into sixteen core components.The top ten critical factors were presented to subject matter experts,and their suggestions were being compiled.These results are expected to help construction professionals minimize cost overruns,improve cost control measures,and initiate future research.

Multi-factor Analysis Model for Improving Profit Management Using Excel in Shellfish Farming Projects

By using a farm's data in Yantai City and the theory of Cost-Volume-Profit analysis and the financial management methods,this paper construct a multi-factor analysis model for improving profit management using Excel 2007 in Shellfish farming projects and describes the procedures to construct a multi-factor analysis model.The model can quickly calculate the profit,improve the level of profit management,find out the breakeven point and enhance the decision-making efficiency of businesses etc.It is also a thought of the application to offer suggestions for government decisions and economic decisions for corporations as a simple analysis tool.While effort has been exerted to construct a four-variable model,some equally important variables may not be discussed sufficiently due to limitation of the paper's space and the authors'knowledge.All variables can be listed in EXCEL 2007 and can be associated in a logical way to manage the profit of shellfish farming projects more efficiently and more practically.

Study of Factors Causing Time and Cost Overrun in Pre-Construction Project (A Case Study of Malaysia)

Cost and time overrun are the key troubles of any improvement ventures. These troubles are inflicting the terrible end result in the development of kingdom monetary improvement and thriving. To overcome these problems, the?paper examines predominant impact on elements causing the mission postponement and cost. A poll review was led for the situation study embracing various information-gathering procedures. The discoveries from the contextual investigation uncovered that the most persuasive factors in Malaysia:?1) contractor’s inappropriate arranging, 2) poor site the board, 3) deficient contractual worker experience,?are the most powerful factors. This paper has likewise broken down the normal and least effective of the postpone variables causing task deferral and cost overrun in Malaysia. It likewise infers that there are various measures as per the idea of deferring components to decrease the effect on task postponement and cost overruns in the development industry.?There are significant factors in the control of time overrun that would be actual thought related to know and tackle in great impact to improvement rate which may additionally no capacity that be recovered. Thirty (30) massive development extensions in Malaysia were exceptional coping with time overrun at some stage in development. Out of 30 undertakings, 17 (56.67%) ventures had been introduced by using 1100 days’ time overrun, 5 (16.67%) extensions in the middle of a hundred and one to 200 days, 5 (16.67%) ventures?201 to 300 days while three (10%) ventures have been deferred for timeframe over 300 days.

Impacts of the Financial Factors on Schedule Delays Risk of the International Contracting Projects: Evidence from Highway BOT Pro-jects in Vietnam

Vietnam has become a major market for construction enterprises from East Asian countries, especially from China, to participate in international project contracting, but serious schedule delays have important adverse effects on local government and foreign investment companies. Based on international engineering contracting mode of Vietnam highway BOT construction projects, we discussed the drive financial factors of schedule delays, using the methods of exploratory factor analysis and questionnaire survey, and evaluated the effects of various factors which are through regression analysis. The empirical results show that the five categories of financial factors, including the policy change, slow payment, financial mismanagement, financial market changes and lack of fiscal, have significant effects on schedule delay. Furtherly, we suggested that strengthening policy research and improving financial management ability should be used to reduce the influence of relevant financial factors on schedule delay, to improve the profitability of international businesses and the motivation of foreign enterprises to participate in Vietnam highway project.

Statistical Analysis of Process Monitoring Data for Software Process Improvement and Its Application

Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.

MAJOR FACTORS IMPEDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

This article aims to identify barriers to implementing waste management practices in construction projects and their interrelationship,based on the particular context of Australia.Interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted as the primary data collection methods supported by the findings of a charrette.The findings reveal twenty critical barriers to implementing waste management practices in Australian construction projects.Four underlying factors that impede waste management prac-tices are extracted based on results of an exploratory factor analysis.These include rigidity of construction practices,construction project characteristics,awareness,experience and commitment,and the nascent nature of waste management.The study also finds that while both human factors and technical factors act as barriers to implementing waste management practices in Australian construction projects,human factors are more dominant.Thus,it is essential to address all these barriers in the early stage of construction projects for reducing waste generation.

Building-integrated renewable energy policy analysis in China

With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings. In order to ensure the validity of policy-making,this work firstly exerts a method to do cost-benefit analysis for three kinds of technologies such as building-integrated solar hot water (BISHW) system,building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology and ground water heat pump (GWHP). Through selecting a representative city of every climate region,the analysis comes into different results for different climate regions in China and respectively different suggestion for policy-making. On the analysis basis,the Ministry of Construction (MOC) and the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF) united to start-up Building-integrated Renewable Energy Demonstration Projects (BIREDP) in 2006. In the demonstration projects,renewable energy takes place of traditional energy to supply the domestic hot water,electricity,air-conditioning and heating. Through carrying out the demonstration projects,renewable energy related market has been expanded. More and more relative companies and local governments take the opportunity to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings.

Cost Risk Appraisal： An Application of Project RiskManagement Process in Libyan Construction Projects

Projects delay and cost overrun have become general facts in the construction industry. Project cost risk analysis considers the different costs associated with a project and focuses on the uncertainties and risks that may affect these costs. An implementation of PRM （project risk management） process on regional construction project has been carried out to maximize the likelihood of project meeting its objectives within its constraints. Qualitative and quantitative risk analyses have been carried out. The qualitative analysis is presented in a table that shows top ranked risks in Libyan construction projects based on probability-impact grid technique. In quantitative risk analyses, Mont Carlo simulation technique has been conducted to quantify and evaluate the overall level of risk exposure associated with the project completion cost. A project simulation uses a model that translates cost uncertainties into their potential impact on project objectives. A frequency curve model that represents simulation results of project completion costs has been constructed. The frequency curve model shows all possible outcomes of expected project cost at different probabilities. Project manager or decision maker can select the appropriate project budget. If a probability of 0.95 confident project budget is selected that means cost overrun risk can be minimized to a probability of 0.05. It is very helpful for project manager to take decisions based on information that shows project completion cost and its associated probability rather than usin single information of estimated cost.

Computing payment for ecosystem services in watersheds: An analysis of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.

中国社会物流成本占GDP比重下降成因实证研究——基于因素分析法

为探究2004—2022年中国社会物流成本占GDP比重趋于下降的成因,在物流成本分类基础上对社会物流成本占GDP比重作了指标分解,并采用差额分析法测算物流需求系数、货物单位价值、平均运输距离、物流费率的变动对社会物流成本占GDP比重变化的影响。研究发现,2022年中国社会物流成本占GDP比重相比2004年有所降低,主要源于运输成本占GDP比重的下降和货物单位价值的提高,而物流需求系数、平均运输距离、物流费率的变动均使社会物流成本占GDP比重上升;在运输费率、保管费率、管理费率中,只有运输费率的变动起到了降低社会物流成本占GDP比重的作用;物流需求系数以2013年为拐点先升后降,其影响社会物流成本占GDP比重变化的方向发生了阶段性转折。降低社会物流成本占GDP比重绝不能通过去工业化或过度追求经济服务化的方式实现,而必须在保持制造业比重基本稳定的前提下稳步推进。同时,还须妥善处理好物流服务质量与成本的关系,从两者最佳组合上谋求物流效益的提高,防止物流降成本以牺牲服务质量为代价。展望未来,中国社会物流成本占GDP比重仍有继续下降的空间与潜力,可从结构优化、制度改革、科技赋能、资源整合、供应链协同等方面入手,采取合理有效措施进一步降低社会物流成本占GDP比重。

加氢站预算定额消耗量准确性的影响因素及提升策略研究

分别从定额编制、施工安装、外部环境3个层面识别加氢站预算定额消耗量准确性的影响因素,通过因子分析法对影响因素进行公因子提取和关键因素提炼。结果表明:5个公因子对加氢站预算定额准确性皆有显著影响,其影响程度为编制方法与依据>施工安装技术>施工组织管理>编制组织与成员>外部环境;安装技术更新速度、编制方法与测定对象的匹配性和施工工艺规范度是影响消耗量准确性的关键因素。据此探讨消耗量准确性的提升策略:缩短定额修订时间,建立长效管理机制;提高编制方法与测定对象的匹配度;明确加氢站现场施工规范,缩小施工偏差影响。

铁路建设项目柔性管理及影响因素研究

研究目的:当前我国多条艰险山区铁路和高原铁路开工建设,动态多变的外部环境、多约束条件下的建设组织以及新技术带来的不确定性挑战日益严峻。为应对诸多项目复杂性因素带来的挑战,探索铁路建设项目柔性管理新范式十分必要。通过识别影响项目柔性的各种管理因素,构建具有较强韧性的铁路建设管理体系,为铁路建设项目承包商提供新的管理理念和方法。研究结论:(1)面对普遍存在的项目复杂性挑战,铁路建设项目可以推行柔性管理,调整传统“规划-控制”型管理风格,适度增强项目柔性,提高项目响应环境变化和不确定性的能力;(2)通过文献分析、专家咨询及统计分析,确定了柔性合同、BIM技术应用等8个影响因素,构建了包括团队柔性和过程柔性的铁路建设项目柔性二维因子模型,其中信息共享、团队学习和管理创新是影响铁路建设项目柔性的关键因素;(3)本研究成果可以在铁路建设管理领域推广应用,能够为铁路建设承包商推行柔性管理提供理论参考。

Locality Preserving Discriminant Projection for Speaker Verification

In this paper, a manifold subspace learning algorithm based on locality preserving discriminant projection (LPDP) is used for speaker verification. LPDP can overcome the deficiency of the total variability factor analysis and locality preserving projection (LPP). LPDP can effectively use the speaker label information of speech data. Through optimization, LPDP can maintain the inherent manifold local structure of the speech data samples of the same speaker by reducing the distance between them. At the same time, LPDP can enhance the discriminability of the embedding space by expanding the distance between the speech data samples of different speakers. The proposed method is compared with LPP and total variability factor analysis on the NIST SRE 2010 telephone-telephone core condition. The experimental results indicate that the proposed LPDP can overcome the deficiency of LPP and total variability factor analysis and can further improve the system performance.

临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理实践

目的探讨临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理的效果。方法2022年8月—12月,科室运用成本因素分析法开展低值易耗品节流管理,2023年1月—6月持续观察和评估应用效果。统计一次性注射器(2mL、5mL、20mL)、PVC手套、一次性静脉输液针、一次性止血带及输液胶贴等低值易耗品管理数据,计算人员成本分摊、成本消耗量,统计合理成本结余量。结果运用成本因素分析法实施低值易耗品管理后,价格相同医用低值易耗品合理结余成本共677.22元人民币,价格不同医用低值易耗品合理结余成本共2015元人民币。结论临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理,可减少消耗量,增加合理成本结余,减少科室成本消耗,合理节约医疗资源,强化医务人员节流管理意识,推动科室精细化管理。

惯例转移要素分析:来自京津冀地区大气污染治理利基项目间学习的实证研究

针对项目间学习的惯例转移进行研究,梳理了惯例转移的概念及内涵,从理论上探讨惯例转移与内外部环境、知识能力以及团队互动之间的相互作用。基于主成分分析和随机森林模型,构建影响惯例转移的重要因素组合,通过对要素的相互作用和关系的定量化分析,以评价惯例转移难易程度。通过2015—2019年京津冀大气污染治理惯例转移定量分析,发现惯例转移受不同环境要素影响,并且处在不断进化的学习过程中。知识资源、经济环境对于多数惯例转移是重要的、起作用的要素,易于在其他环境中发生转移,而末端型治理增加了知识资源(通用知识)的转移难度。自然资源和自然环境等要素是惯例转移过程的主要冲突因素,使惯例难以在其他环境中发生转移。

建筑工程造价影响因素及标准化管理

文章探讨了影响建筑工程造价的多个关键因素,包括政策、设计、市场和施工管理等。在此基础上,提出了一系列建筑工程造价标准化管理措施,通过这些管理措施的实施,可以更好地控制和管理建筑工程造价。

我国相对贫困地区文旅融合高质量发展水平评价指标体系构建与测度

立足于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的时代需要,在总结前人研究成果基础上开展我国相对贫困地区文旅融合高质量发展水平研究。从经济增长、治理体系、社会文明、文化传承、环境保护5个维度构建我国相对贫困地区文旅融合高质量发展水平评价指标体系,运用投影寻踪分析法和Tobit回归分析法对其高质量发展水平及影响因素进行分析。结果表明,本研究构建的指标体系较为有效。我国相对贫困地区文旅融合高质量发展整体水平较低;空间上地域差异明显,主要有文旅融合高质量发展水平较强、一般两种类型。影响因素中,教育发展水平、政府治理能力、经济发展水平、文旅人力资源规模、社会文明程度是最稳健的影响因素,且表现出一定的区域差异和类型差异。提升我国相对贫困地区文旅融合高质量发展水平主要着力于推动政府职能整合、发展文旅产业要素、强化文旅市场建设、优化文旅产业环境等方面。

The Impact of State Policies on Investment Project Management in Polish Industrial Construction Sector

In this paper,we discuss the influence of economic,environmental and legal policies of the state on the management of investment projects in the area of industrial construction in Poland.Our empirical study relies on conducting a questionnaire survey.A total of 158 Polish companies dealing with industrial construction took part in the survey.Then,the collected questionnaires were subjected to a thorough analysis and interpretation,with the use of a method called the exploratory factor analysis(EFA).Our research reveals the key factors influencing successful investment project management in the Polish industrial construction sector.These factors have been identified as the“availability of technology in a stable political system”,“stability of the economic and tax systems”,“stable social system policy,stability and transparency of the legal system”and a“well-targeted environmental policy”.A key conclusion that can be drawn from our study is that an efficient management of investment projects in the industrial construction industry is significantly influenced by properly shaped and stable economic,environmental,and legal policies of the state.

中国情境下PPP项目商业模式创新意愿影响因素的系统动力学分析

新发展格局下,商业模式创新对推动政府和社会资本合作模式(public-private-partnership,PPP)可持续发展具有重要作用,因此,对其影响因素的分析具有重要意义。基于文献分析设计访谈提纲,通过对访谈资料的三级编码识别出PPP项目商业模式创新意愿的22个影响因素;采用系统动力学方法(system dynamics,SD)探究了PPP项目商业模式创新意愿的影响关系及路径,构建了SD模型并仿真模拟,确定了4个关键影响因素:创新政策、政府部门创新自由度、社会资本自身实力、项目公司运营维护能力;据此提出了3条管理启示:完善PPP项目商业模式创新的政策环境、公私双方在PPP项目采购阶段做好相互选择、提升项目公司运营维护水平。