The key aspect to the successful implementation of BOT concept is the raising of finance by project sponsor,so financial engineering techniques and capital structuring skills are required to find the proper mix of deb...The key aspect to the successful implementation of BOT concept is the raising of finance by project sponsor,so financial engineering techniques and capital structuring skills are required to find the proper mix of debt and equity.The capital structure and present a model to determine the equity level from the aspects of financing scale,construction time and return on investment are analyzed.The resulting model can help the sponsor to avoid the capital risk,and offer the government a criterion to evaluate management ability of the sponsor.To show the application and availability of this model,a case study is conducted.Thus,this paper is concern with the determination of financing scale,construction time,and return on investment which would assist the sponsor to ensure that the equity level for optimal capital structure is available prior to the implementation stage in BOT project operation.展开更多
Evaluation and projection of temperature extremes over China are carried out with 8 model datasets from CMIP5.Compared with the NCEP reanalysis data,multi-model weighted ensemble is capable of reproducing the 8 temper...Evaluation and projection of temperature extremes over China are carried out with 8 model datasets from CMIP5.Compared with the NCEP reanalysis data,multi-model weighted ensemble is capable of reproducing the 8 temperature extreme indices and 20-year return values of annual maximum/minimum temperatures.The time correlation coefficients of all the 8 indices between multi-model ensemble and the reanalysis can reach a significance level of 0.10.The spatial correlation coefficient of 20-year return level of annual maximum/minimum temperatures is greater than 0.98.Under the RCP4.5 scenario,more extreme warm events and less cold events are expected over China in multi-model ensemble.By the middle of the 21st century,the heat wave duration index will be multiplied 2.6 times.At the end of the 21st century,the cold wave duration index will decrease 71%,and the 20-year return value will increase 4 C in parts of China for the maximum/minimum temperatures.展开更多
In this paper, we take Guizhou Province (the heart of southwestern Karst region in China) as the research object. By establishing gray forecasting model and time series forecasting model, we conduct the accuracy test ...In this paper, we take Guizhou Province (the heart of southwestern Karst region in China) as the research object. By establishing gray forecasting model and time series forecasting model, we conduct the accuracy test on the actual production capacity of land and the forecasted production capacity of land in 2007 and 2008, and then conduct comprehensive forecast of the land production potential in Guizhou Province in 2020. On this basis, considering the nutritional standards needed by three kinds of life type (dressing warmly and eating one's fill, well-off life, relatively affluent life), we evaluate the land production potential in Guizhou Province under the project of returning farmland to forest. Based on the evaluation results, we put forth the relevant recommendations for achieving sustainable land use in the context of returning farmland to forest in Guizhou Province.展开更多
文摘The key aspect to the successful implementation of BOT concept is the raising of finance by project sponsor,so financial engineering techniques and capital structuring skills are required to find the proper mix of debt and equity.The capital structure and present a model to determine the equity level from the aspects of financing scale,construction time and return on investment are analyzed.The resulting model can help the sponsor to avoid the capital risk,and offer the government a criterion to evaluate management ability of the sponsor.To show the application and availability of this model,a case study is conducted.Thus,this paper is concern with the determination of financing scale,construction time,and return on investment which would assist the sponsor to ensure that the equity level for optimal capital structure is available prior to the implementation stage in BOT project operation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950501-03)
文摘Evaluation and projection of temperature extremes over China are carried out with 8 model datasets from CMIP5.Compared with the NCEP reanalysis data,multi-model weighted ensemble is capable of reproducing the 8 temperature extreme indices and 20-year return values of annual maximum/minimum temperatures.The time correlation coefficients of all the 8 indices between multi-model ensemble and the reanalysis can reach a significance level of 0.10.The spatial correlation coefficient of 20-year return level of annual maximum/minimum temperatures is greater than 0.98.Under the RCP4.5 scenario,more extreme warm events and less cold events are expected over China in multi-model ensemble.By the middle of the 21st century,the heat wave duration index will be multiplied 2.6 times.At the end of the 21st century,the cold wave duration index will decrease 71%,and the 20-year return value will increase 4 C in parts of China for the maximum/minimum temperatures.
基金Supported by 2009 Youth Project of Social Science Planning in Guizhou Province (09GHQNHQ04)Agricultural Scientific and Technological Project in Guizhou Province (20103014)
文摘In this paper, we take Guizhou Province (the heart of southwestern Karst region in China) as the research object. By establishing gray forecasting model and time series forecasting model, we conduct the accuracy test on the actual production capacity of land and the forecasted production capacity of land in 2007 and 2008, and then conduct comprehensive forecast of the land production potential in Guizhou Province in 2020. On this basis, considering the nutritional standards needed by three kinds of life type (dressing warmly and eating one's fill, well-off life, relatively affluent life), we evaluate the land production potential in Guizhou Province under the project of returning farmland to forest. Based on the evaluation results, we put forth the relevant recommendations for achieving sustainable land use in the context of returning farmland to forest in Guizhou Province.
