The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types (ori...The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types (original structural plane, tectonic structural plane and hypergenic structural plane) and the associated features of the Emeishan basalts and then studies the classification schemes of the built hydropower structure planes of different rock areas (the east district, the central district and the west district) in the Emeishan basalt distribution area, Southwest China. Based on the analysis and comparison of the scale and the engineering geological characteristics of the typical structure planes in the basalt hydroelectric Stations, the types of structural planes are used in the first order classification. The secondary order classification is made by considering the impact factors of rock mass quality, e.g., the state of the structural planes, infilling, joint opening, extending length, the grade of weathering and strength. The engineering geological classification for Emeishan basalt is proposed. Because there are no evidences of a large structure presenting in study area, the first-order (Ⅰ) controlling structural planes do not appear in the classification, there only appear Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade structural planes influencing the rock-mass quality. According to the different rock-block types in bedding fault zone, the second-grade (Ⅱ) structural planes consisted of bedding fault zone is further classified into Ⅱ1, Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3. The third-grade (Ⅲ) structural planes constructed by intraformational faulted zones are not subdivided. According to the different characteristics of intrusion, alteration and weathering unloading structural planes, the Ⅳ grade structure plane is divided into Ⅳ1, Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ3. According to the development characteristics of joints and fractures, the V grade structure plane is divided into fracture Ⅴ1 and columnar joint Ⅴ2. In all, the structural planes are classified into four groups with nine subsets. The research proposes the engineering geological classification of the structural plane for the hydropower project in the Emishan basalts, and the result of the study has a potential application in similar regions.展开更多
It is well known that the line of intersection of an ellipsoid and a plane is an ellipse (see for instance [1]). In this note the semi-axes of the ellipse of intersection will be projected from 3d space onto a 2d plan...It is well known that the line of intersection of an ellipsoid and a plane is an ellipse (see for instance [1]). In this note the semi-axes of the ellipse of intersection will be projected from 3d space onto a 2d plane. It is shown that the projected semi-axes agree with results of a method used by Bektas [2] and also with results obtained by Schrantz [3].展开更多
Let X be a Minkowski plane, i.e., a real two dimensional normed linear space. We use projections to give a definition of the angle Aq(x, y) between two vectors x and y in X, such that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y i...Let X be a Minkowski plane, i.e., a real two dimensional normed linear space. We use projections to give a definition of the angle Aq(x, y) between two vectors x and y in X, such that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y if and only if Aq(x,y)=π/2. Some other properties of this angle are also discussed.展开更多
It has been shown, under certain conditions on the Gauss curvature, every totally real surface of the Cayley projective plane with parallel mean curvature vector is either flat or totally geodesic.
The most popular and representative classic waveform codes are referred to as orthogonal,bi-orthogonal,simplex,and etc,but the choice of waveform codes is essentially identical in error performance and cross correlati...The most popular and representative classic waveform codes are referred to as orthogonal,bi-orthogonal,simplex,and etc,but the choice of waveform codes is essentially identical in error performance and cross correlation characteristic.Though bi-orthogonal coding requires half the bandwidth of the others,such coding scheme is attractive only when large bandwidth is available.In this paper,a novel finite projective plane(FPP) based waveform coding scheme is proposed,which is with similar error performance and cross correlation.Nevertheless,the bandwidth requirement will grow in a quadratic way,but not in an exponential way with the values of message bit numbers(k).The proposed scheme takes obvious advantages over the bi-orthogonal scheme when k ≥ 6.展开更多
针对平面高斯神经(Plane-Gaussian,PG)网络采用k-平面聚类算法得到网络参数,使得网络训练时间过长,且易陷入局部极小值的问题,借鉴极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)中网络参数随机选择的方式,提出了随机投影下的平面高斯神经网...针对平面高斯神经(Plane-Gaussian,PG)网络采用k-平面聚类算法得到网络参数,使得网络训练时间过长,且易陷入局部极小值的问题,借鉴极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)中网络参数随机选择的方式,提出了随机投影下的平面高斯神经网络(Plane-Gaussian network based on random projection,RandPG)。该网络采用随机投影的方式确定隐层激活函数的参数,然后利用Moore-Penrose广义逆求解输出层权值。理论上证明该网络具有全局逼近性。同时,对呈直线型和平面型的人工数据集以及UCI标准数据库中的分类数据集进行测试,结果表明,RandPG网络提供了一种简便的参数学习方法,并且在继承了PG网络对呈子空间分布的数据分类具有优势的情况下,显著提高了网络的学习速度。展开更多
This paper deals with the teaching method in reading engineering drawing. It introduces the basic theory and fundamental ideas as well as the approach of reading views by analyzing lines and planes. It gives out the s...This paper deals with the teaching method in reading engineering drawing. It introduces the basic theory and fundamental ideas as well as the approach of reading views by analyzing lines and planes. It gives out the steps for completing the third view based on the other two views. As it is easy and quick for students to read and understand views by this method, it is welcome by students in teaching practice.展开更多
The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition...The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be influenced.For addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets with overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is pro-posed.First,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection technique.Then,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target with a single IPP.Afterwards,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,with which the radar image of a single target with a sin-gle IPP can be generated.The proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,which can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most possibly.Results of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41072228)
文摘The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types (original structural plane, tectonic structural plane and hypergenic structural plane) and the associated features of the Emeishan basalts and then studies the classification schemes of the built hydropower structure planes of different rock areas (the east district, the central district and the west district) in the Emeishan basalt distribution area, Southwest China. Based on the analysis and comparison of the scale and the engineering geological characteristics of the typical structure planes in the basalt hydroelectric Stations, the types of structural planes are used in the first order classification. The secondary order classification is made by considering the impact factors of rock mass quality, e.g., the state of the structural planes, infilling, joint opening, extending length, the grade of weathering and strength. The engineering geological classification for Emeishan basalt is proposed. Because there are no evidences of a large structure presenting in study area, the first-order (Ⅰ) controlling structural planes do not appear in the classification, there only appear Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade structural planes influencing the rock-mass quality. According to the different rock-block types in bedding fault zone, the second-grade (Ⅱ) structural planes consisted of bedding fault zone is further classified into Ⅱ1, Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3. The third-grade (Ⅲ) structural planes constructed by intraformational faulted zones are not subdivided. According to the different characteristics of intrusion, alteration and weathering unloading structural planes, the Ⅳ grade structure plane is divided into Ⅳ1, Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ3. According to the development characteristics of joints and fractures, the V grade structure plane is divided into fracture Ⅴ1 and columnar joint Ⅴ2. In all, the structural planes are classified into four groups with nine subsets. The research proposes the engineering geological classification of the structural plane for the hydropower project in the Emishan basalts, and the result of the study has a potential application in similar regions.
文摘It is well known that the line of intersection of an ellipsoid and a plane is an ellipse (see for instance [1]). In this note the semi-axes of the ellipse of intersection will be projected from 3d space onto a 2d plane. It is shown that the projected semi-axes agree with results of a method used by Bektas [2] and also with results obtained by Schrantz [3].
文摘Let X be a Minkowski plane, i.e., a real two dimensional normed linear space. We use projections to give a definition of the angle Aq(x, y) between two vectors x and y in X, such that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y if and only if Aq(x,y)=π/2. Some other properties of this angle are also discussed.
文摘It has been shown, under certain conditions on the Gauss curvature, every totally real surface of the Cayley projective plane with parallel mean curvature vector is either flat or totally geodesic.
基金supported by MOST under Grant MOST 103-2633-E-242-002
文摘The most popular and representative classic waveform codes are referred to as orthogonal,bi-orthogonal,simplex,and etc,but the choice of waveform codes is essentially identical in error performance and cross correlation characteristic.Though bi-orthogonal coding requires half the bandwidth of the others,such coding scheme is attractive only when large bandwidth is available.In this paper,a novel finite projective plane(FPP) based waveform coding scheme is proposed,which is with similar error performance and cross correlation.Nevertheless,the bandwidth requirement will grow in a quadratic way,but not in an exponential way with the values of message bit numbers(k).The proposed scheme takes obvious advantages over the bi-orthogonal scheme when k ≥ 6.
文摘针对平面高斯神经(Plane-Gaussian,PG)网络采用k-平面聚类算法得到网络参数,使得网络训练时间过长,且易陷入局部极小值的问题,借鉴极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)中网络参数随机选择的方式,提出了随机投影下的平面高斯神经网络(Plane-Gaussian network based on random projection,RandPG)。该网络采用随机投影的方式确定隐层激活函数的参数,然后利用Moore-Penrose广义逆求解输出层权值。理论上证明该网络具有全局逼近性。同时,对呈直线型和平面型的人工数据集以及UCI标准数据库中的分类数据集进行测试,结果表明,RandPG网络提供了一种简便的参数学习方法,并且在继承了PG网络对呈子空间分布的数据分类具有优势的情况下,显著提高了网络的学习速度。
基金Supported by Chongqing University’s Book Construction Fund (No. 200515).
文摘This paper deals with the teaching method in reading engineering drawing. It introduces the basic theory and fundamental ideas as well as the approach of reading views by analyzing lines and planes. It gives out the steps for completing the third view based on the other two views. As it is easy and quick for students to read and understand views by this method, it is welcome by students in teaching practice.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(62325104).
文摘The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be influenced.For addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets with overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is pro-posed.First,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection technique.Then,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target with a single IPP.Afterwards,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,with which the radar image of a single target with a sin-gle IPP can be generated.The proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,which can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most possibly.Results of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.