Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role ...Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role of the connections between the LS and its downstream brain regions in social behavio rs remains unclea r.In this study,we conducted a three-chamber test using electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to determine how LS projections to ventral CA1(vCA1)influence sociability.Our res ults showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-e rgic neuro ns were activated following social experience,and that social behavio rs were enhanced by chemogenetic modulation of these neurons.Moreover,LS GABAergic neurons extended their functional neural connections via vCA1 glutamatergic pyramidal neurons,and regulating LSGABA→vCA1Gluneural projections affected social behaviors,which were impeded by suppressing LSprojecting vCA1 neuronal activity or inhibiting GABAAreceptors in vCA1.These findings support the hypothesis that LS inputs to the vCA1 can control social prefe rences and social novelty behaviors.These findings provide new insights rega rding the neural circuits that regulate sociability.展开更多
In this article, I consider projection groups on function spaces, more specifically the space of polynomials P<sub>n</sub>[x]. I will show that a very similar construct of projection operators allows us to...In this article, I consider projection groups on function spaces, more specifically the space of polynomials P<sub>n</sub>[x]. I will show that a very similar construct of projection operators allows us to project into the subspaces of P<sub>n</sub>[x] where the function h ∈P<sub>n</sub>[x] represents the closets function to f ∈P<sub>n</sub>[x] in the least square sense. I also demonstrate that we can generalise projections by constructing operators i.e. in R<sup>n+1</sup> using the metric tensor on P<sub>n</sub>[x]. This allows one to project a polynomial function onto another by mapping it to its coefficient vector in R<sup>n+1</sup>. This can be also achieved with the Kronecker Product as detailed in this paper.展开更多
An equation concerning with the subdifferential of convex functionals defined in real Banach spaces and the metric projections to level sets is shown. The equation is compared with the resolvents of general monotone o...An equation concerning with the subdifferential of convex functionals defined in real Banach spaces and the metric projections to level sets is shown. The equation is compared with the resolvents of general monotone operators, and makes the geometric properties of differential equations expressed by subdifferentials clear. Hence, it can be expected to be useful in obtaining the steepest descents defined by the convex functionals in Banach spaces. Also, it gives a similar result to the Lagrange multiplier method under certain conditions.展开更多
Dramatic changes in the sea ice characteristics in the Barents Sea have potential consequences for the weather and climate systems of mid-latitude continents,Arctic ecosystems,and fisheries,as well as Arctic maritime ...Dramatic changes in the sea ice characteristics in the Barents Sea have potential consequences for the weather and climate systems of mid-latitude continents,Arctic ecosystems,and fisheries,as well as Arctic maritime navigation.Simulations and projections of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea based on the latest 41 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)are investigated in this study.Results show that most CMIP6 models overestimate winter sea ice in the Barents Sea and underestimate its decreasing trend.The discrepancy is mainly attributed to the simulation bias towards an overly weak ocean heat transport through the Barents Sea Opening and the underestimation of its increasing trend.The methods of observation-based model selection and emergent constraint were used to project future winter sea ice changes in the Barents Sea.Projections indicate that sea ice in the Barents Sea will continue to decline in a warming climate and that a winter ice-free Barents Sea will occur for the first time during 2042-2089 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585(SSP5-8.5).Even in the observation-based selected models,the sensitivity of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea to global warming is weaker than observed,indicating that a winter ice-free Barents Sea might occur earlier than projected by the CMIP6 simulations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171521(to CL)the Special Funds ofTaishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202211368(to CL)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2022YQ65(to CL),ZR2021MH073(to CL),ZR2019PH109(to WW)the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province,China,Nos.202003090720(to DZ),202003070728(to JL),2019 WS329(to DW)the Scientific Research Foundation of Binzhou Medical University,No.BY2018KJ21(to DW)。
文摘Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role of the connections between the LS and its downstream brain regions in social behavio rs remains unclea r.In this study,we conducted a three-chamber test using electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to determine how LS projections to ventral CA1(vCA1)influence sociability.Our res ults showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-e rgic neuro ns were activated following social experience,and that social behavio rs were enhanced by chemogenetic modulation of these neurons.Moreover,LS GABAergic neurons extended their functional neural connections via vCA1 glutamatergic pyramidal neurons,and regulating LSGABA→vCA1Gluneural projections affected social behaviors,which were impeded by suppressing LSprojecting vCA1 neuronal activity or inhibiting GABAAreceptors in vCA1.These findings support the hypothesis that LS inputs to the vCA1 can control social prefe rences and social novelty behaviors.These findings provide new insights rega rding the neural circuits that regulate sociability.
文摘In this article, I consider projection groups on function spaces, more specifically the space of polynomials P<sub>n</sub>[x]. I will show that a very similar construct of projection operators allows us to project into the subspaces of P<sub>n</sub>[x] where the function h ∈P<sub>n</sub>[x] represents the closets function to f ∈P<sub>n</sub>[x] in the least square sense. I also demonstrate that we can generalise projections by constructing operators i.e. in R<sup>n+1</sup> using the metric tensor on P<sub>n</sub>[x]. This allows one to project a polynomial function onto another by mapping it to its coefficient vector in R<sup>n+1</sup>. This can be also achieved with the Kronecker Product as detailed in this paper.
文摘An equation concerning with the subdifferential of convex functionals defined in real Banach spaces and the metric projections to level sets is shown. The equation is compared with the resolvents of general monotone operators, and makes the geometric properties of differential equations expressed by subdifferentials clear. Hence, it can be expected to be useful in obtaining the steepest descents defined by the convex functionals in Banach spaces. Also, it gives a similar result to the Lagrange multiplier method under certain conditions.
基金the Chinese Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.41941012)the Basic Scienti fic Fund for National Public Research Institute of China(ShuXingbei Young Talent Program)under contract No.2019S06,Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022JQ17)the Tais-han Scholars Program(No.tsqn202211264).
文摘Dramatic changes in the sea ice characteristics in the Barents Sea have potential consequences for the weather and climate systems of mid-latitude continents,Arctic ecosystems,and fisheries,as well as Arctic maritime navigation.Simulations and projections of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea based on the latest 41 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)are investigated in this study.Results show that most CMIP6 models overestimate winter sea ice in the Barents Sea and underestimate its decreasing trend.The discrepancy is mainly attributed to the simulation bias towards an overly weak ocean heat transport through the Barents Sea Opening and the underestimation of its increasing trend.The methods of observation-based model selection and emergent constraint were used to project future winter sea ice changes in the Barents Sea.Projections indicate that sea ice in the Barents Sea will continue to decline in a warming climate and that a winter ice-free Barents Sea will occur for the first time during 2042-2089 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585(SSP5-8.5).Even in the observation-based selected models,the sensitivity of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea to global warming is weaker than observed,indicating that a winter ice-free Barents Sea might occur earlier than projected by the CMIP6 simulations.
