p53 exerts anticancer effects by regulating enhancer formation and activity

The abnormality of the p53 tumor suppressor is crucial in lung cancer development,because p53 regulates target gene promoters to combat cancer.Recent studies have shown extensive p53 binding to enhancer elements.However,whether p53 exerts a tumor suppressor role by shaping the enhancer landscape remains poorly understood.In the current study,we employed several functional genomics approaches to assess the enhancer activity at p53 binding sites throughout the genome based on our established TP53 knockout(KO)human bronchial epithelial cells(BEAS-2B).A total of 943 active regular enhancers and 370 super-enhancers(SEs)disappeared upon the deletion of p53,indicating that p53 modulates the activity of hundreds of enhancer elements.We found that one p53-dependent SE,located on chromosome 9 and designated as KLF4-SE,regulated the expression of the Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4)gene.Furthermore,the deletion of p53 significantly decreased the KLF4-SE enhancer activity and the KLF4 expression,but increased colony formation ability in the nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced cell transformation model.Subsequently,in TP53 KO cells,the overexpression of KLF4 partially reversed the increased clonogenic capacity caused by p53 deficiency.Consistently,KLF4 expression also decreased in lung cancer tissues and cell lines.It appeared that overexpression of KLF4 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells.Collectively,our results suggest that the regulation of enhancer formation and activity by p53 is an integral component of the p53 tumor suppressor function.Therefore,our findings offer some novel insights into the regulation mechanism of p53 in lung oncogenesis and introduce a new strategy for screening therapeutic targets.

Research Progress on Application of Borneol As Permeation Enhancer in Functional Cosmetics

Borneol, as a traditional natural permeation enhancer, has been widely used to promote the transdermal absorption of active ingredients. In this review, the mechanism of borneol in promoting permeation by destroying the highly ordered lipid structure of the lipid layer and by destroying the hydrogen-bond network was described. The application of borneol in promoting the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs was introduced. The application of borneol as a natural ingredient added to functional cosmetics was summarized, and its effects on skin-spot treatment, acne skin care, eczema skin care, skin repair and anti-oxidation were introduced. Finally, the possible problems in the application of borneol in cosmetics were put forward, and the application prospect of borneol in the development of cosmetics was given.

Vertical microbial profiling of water column reveals prokaryotic communities and distribution features of Antarctic Peninsula

Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the water column of eight stations(63 samples) around the Antarctic Peninsula of the Southern Ocean were investigated. Through pyrosequencing of the V3–V4hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we characterized 4 720 089 valid reads representing 48 188operational taxonomic units(OTUs, 97% similarity). The community was dominated by the phyla Pseudomonadota(original name: Proteobacteria, 47%), Oxyphotobacteria(26%), and Bacteroidota(original name: Bacteroidetes, 18%), which comprised an average of 91% of the total OTUs in all samples. The prokaryotic community composition varied vertically within the water column. Water column prokaryotic communities exhibited a clear depth profile, with higher microbial richness and higher diversity observed with increasing water depth. Cluster analysis of the community composition of water column samples exhibited a similar trend with depth. Correlation with environmental factors suggested distinct variation in prokaryotic community composition with changes in depth, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels. Functional prediction showed presence of active nitrogen, sulphur and methane metabolic cycles along the vertical transect of the studied region. These results will improve our knowledge of prokaryotic diversity and community composition at different depth of water column for better understanding of the microbial ecology and nutrient cycles in Antarctic Peninsula region of the Southern Ocean.

Investigating a Vitamin D Delivery Toothpaste Using a Penetration Enhancer Compound

Expanding in the oral care business, being passionately driven by innovative and scientific products, functional toothpaste has recently become more popular for functionality, variety, and efficacy. Many new types of toothpaste are commercially manufactured with diverse fragrances, colors, probiotics, and pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance the functionalities of toothpaste. Our study attempted to create a toothpaste formulation that might facilitate the intraoral delivery of vitamin D3 into the bloodstream. Simply brushing our teeth with toothpaste should be easy to take the essential vitamin regularly. In this study, an emulsion-based toothpaste mixed with an azone compound and sodium dodecyl sulfate as penetration enhancers blended thoroughly with other ingredients and then with vitamin D. Multiple toothpaste characteristic tests were performed, such as abrasiveness, scratchiness, spreadability, pH, foaming, cleaning, and antibacterial strength with our vitamin D toothpaste, and compared with those of other commercial brand toothpaste. To confirm the intraoral delivery of vitamin D through the oral cavity, an earthworm transport study and TEER value test were conducted using L. terrestris skin. Our data demonstrated the high feasibility of intraoral delivery of vitamin D based on those two skin studies with various experimental support;our vitamin D toothpaste had comparable characteristics with other commercial toothpaste for cleaning functionality.

Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary in summer

Microorganisms are fundamental for the functioning of marine ecosystems and are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, transformation of nutrients and circulation of biologically-important chemicals. Based on the complexity of the natural geographic characteristics of the Changjiang River Estuary, the geographic distribution of sedimentary microorganisms and the causes of this distribution are largely unexplored. In this work, the surface sediment samples from the adjacent sea area of the Changjiang River Estuary were collected. Their prokaryotic diversity was examined by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the environmental factors of the bacterial community were investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of prokaryotic communities in the sediments of the study areas showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. The sampling sequences divided the sample regions into three distinct clusters. Each geographic region had a unique community structure, although Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota all existed in these three branches. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that prokaryotic diversity and community distribution were significantly correlated with the geographic location of sediment, seawater depth, and in particular, nutrient content(e.g., total phosphorus, total organic carbon and dissolved oxygen). Moreover, it was found for the first time that the metal ions obviously affected the composition and distribution of the prokaryotic community in this area. In general, this work provides new insights into the structural characteristics and driving factors of prokaryotic communities under the background of the ever-changing Changjiang River Estuary.

Low-Light Enhancer for UAV Night Tracking Based on Zero-DCE++

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target tracking tasks can currently be successfully completed in daytime situations with enough lighting, but they are unable to do so in nighttime scenes with inadequate lighting, poor contrast, and low signal-to-noise ratio. This letter presents an enhanced low-light enhancer for UAV nighttime tracking based on Zero-DCE++ due to its ad-vantages of low processing cost and quick inference. We developed a light-weight UCBAM capable of integrating channel information and spatial features and offered a fully considered curve projection model in light of the low signal-to-noise ratio of night scenes. This method significantly improved the tracking performance of the UAV tracker in night situations when tested on the public UAVDark135 and compared to other cutting-edge low-light enhancers. By applying our work to different trackers, this search shows how broadly applicable it is.

Research Progress on Application of Borneol as Permeation Enhancer in Functional Cosmetics

Borneol,as a traditional natural permeation enhancer,has been widely used to promote the transdermal absorption of active ingredients.The mechanism of borneol in promoting permeation by destroying the highly ordered lipid structure of the lipid layer and by destroying the hydrogen-bond network was described.The application of borneol in promoting the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs was introduced.The application of borneol as a natural ingredient added to functional cosmetics was summarized,and its effects on skin-spot treatment,acne skin care,eczema skin care,skin repair and anti-oxidation were introduced.Finally,the possible problems in the application of borneol in cosmetics were put forward,and the application prospect of borneol in the development of cosmetics was given。

LHCGR胞外结构域蛋白的生信分析、原核表达及纯化

目的为获得小鼠LHCGR胞外结构域蛋白(LHCGR-1),分析其结构及理化性质,为今后研究该蛋白功能及筛选与之相互作用的小分子化合物奠定基础。方法根据NCBI中小鼠LHCGR氨基酸序列合成目的基因Lhcgr-1,经生物信息学分析后,将该基因插入至表达载体pET-28a(+),并转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中;经IPTG诱导,表达重组蛋白pET-28a-LHCGR-1,利用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot进行鉴定,之后对该蛋白进行纯化,并通过分子对接技术预测该蛋白与LH、CG的相互作用。结果预测LHCGR-1蛋白分子量为40749.08,由367个氨基酸组成,等电点理论值为5.47;氨基酸序列中有29个丝氨酸位点、10个苏氨酸位点和5个酪氨酸位点;成功构建了表达载体pET-28a-LHCGR-1并获得纯化的目的蛋白;分子对接结果表明目的蛋白可以与LH、CG通过多种相互作用,形成稳定的复合物,有利于其发挥原有的生物学功能。结论成功构建了小鼠胞外结构域蛋白LHCGR-1在大肠杆菌内的原核表达体系并获得了纯化蛋白,分子对接预测该蛋白具有生物学功能,提示该蛋白可以用于后续研究。

基于特征强化U⁃Net的地震速度反演方法

基于深度神经网络的地震速度反演方法面临的挑战是:时间域地震数据与空间域模型信息间语义映射的弱对应关系导致多解性;神经网络将地震数据映射到速度模型过程中缺少有效引导,易受噪声干扰,影响反演精度。为此,提出一种基于特征强化U‑Net的地震速度反演方法。首先,通过多炮地震数据特征叠加使输入网络的地震时间序列信号与对应速度模型之间的空间关系更加明确;其次,基于多尺度特征融合的思想设计具有不同尺寸卷积核的模块,以增强网络对有效特征的学习能力;然后,利用注意力门引导网络,增强网络重点关注的特征;最后,结合瓶颈残差和预激活的思想,在网络中加入预激活瓶颈残差,避免梯度消失和网络退化。实验表明,该方法在地震速度反演方面具有更高的精度,并在抗噪声测试中效果较好,具有一定的泛化能力。

基于加速康复外科理念的集束化护理措施在老年胰十二指肠切除术患者中的应用

目的:评价实施基于加速康复外科理念的集束化护理措施对老年胰十二指肠切除术后患者的效果,以期促进患者术后早期康复。方法:选取北京市某三级甲等医院肝胆外科2019年8月至2023年3月收治的老年胰十二指肠切除术患者,依据是否采用基于加速康复外科理念的集束化护理措施将患者分为观察组和对照组,依据患者的基线资料采用1∶1倾向性配比分析将两组患者进行匹配,比较两组患者术后恢复情况。结果:观察组患者术后胃肠道功能恢复情况优于对照组,术后住院时间比对照组短,术后胃瘫和下肢静脉血栓的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于加速康复外科理念的集束化护理措施有助于促进老年胰十二指肠切除术后患者的胃肠道功能的恢复,减少了部分并发症的发生率,缩短了患者术后住院时间,值得进一步推广。

心肌超声造影定量分析辅助诊断左心房非活动性黏液瘤一例

1病例资料患者女性,51岁,因“发现血压升高6年余,反复头晕1年余”于2022年1月25日入院。患者6年前诊断为“高血压1级,低危组”,规律服用硝苯地平缓释片,20 mg/d,血压控制平稳。近1年来反复出现头晕,无头疼、恶心呕吐,无视物旋转,无肢体麻木等。既往无特殊。查体:血压135/80 mmHg,体温36.5℃,神志清楚,步行入院,双肺未闻及干湿啰音;心界不大,心率76次/min,心律齐,未闻及病理性杂音;腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及;双下肢无水肿,生理反射正常,病理反射未引出。头部CT检查未见异常。

基于Transformer和自适应特征融合的矿井低照度图像亮度提升和细节增强方法

高质量矿井影像为矿山安全生产提供保障,也有利于提高后续图像分析技术的性能。矿井影像受低照度环境的影响,易出现亮度低,照度不均,颜色失真,细节信息丢失严重等问题。针对上述问题,提出一种基于Transformer和自适应特征融合的矿井低照度图像亮度提升和细节增强方法。基于生成对抗思想搭建生成对抗式主体模型框架,使用目标图像域而非单一参考图像驱动判别器监督生成器的训练,实现对低照度图像的充分增强;基于特征表示学习理论搭建特征编码器,将图像解耦为亮度分量和反射分量,避免图像增强过程中亮度与颜色特征相互影响从而导致颜色失真问题;设计CEM-Transformer Encoder通过捕获全局上下文关系和提取局部区域特征,能够充分提升整体图像亮度并消除局部区域照度不均;在反射分量增强过程中,使用结合CEM-Cross-Transformer Encoder的跳跃连接将低级特征与深层网络处特征进行自适应融合,能够有效避免细节特征丢失,并在编码网络中添加ECA-Net,提高浅层网络的特征提取效率。制作矿井低照度图像数据集为矿井低照度图像增强任务提供数据资源。试验显示,在矿井低照度图像数据集和公共数据集中,与5种先进的低照度图像增强算法相比,该算法增强图像的质量指标PSNR、SSIM、VIF平均提高了16.564%,10.998%,16.226%和14.438%,10.888%,14.948%,证明该算法能够有效提升整体图像亮度,消除照度不均,避免颜色失真和细节丢失,实现矿井低照度图像增强。

脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块超声造影特征与梗死特征的相关性

目的探究脑梗死患者颈动脉超声造影的特征及与不同梗死部位、面积等梗死特征的相关性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第二附属医院2018-02—2021-03诊治的135例脑梗死患者,所有患者均接受超声造影检查,另选取同期因颈动脉斑块行超声造影检查的无症状中老年人112例为对照组,比较2组患者超声造影参数,包括峰值强度比值(P)、曲线下面积(AUC)、达峰时间(Tp)。将脑梗死患者按梗死部位、梗死面积分成不同亚组,分析不同亚组颈动脉斑块超声造影相关参数。结果脑梗死患者P和AUC值均明显高于对照组,Tp值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着颈动脉狭窄程度的加重,P和AUC值明显升高,Tp值明显降低(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,P、AUC值与颈动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,Tp值与狭窄程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。不同梗死部位间颈动脉狭窄程度比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中皮质梗死组患者颈动脉完全闭塞发生率最高;不同梗死面积患者颈动脉狭窄程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中大面积梗死组完全闭塞发生率最高。结论脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块超声造影参数水平明显异于无症状有斑块者,且皮质部位脑梗死患者颈动脉完全闭塞发生率最高,大面积脑梗死患者更易发生颈动脉完全闭塞。

基于LMIENet图像增强的矿井下低光环境目标检测方法

煤矿井下工作环境复杂,存在人造光源亮度低、粉尘多和水气密度大等不利因素,导致现有的目标检测算法在应用到煤矿井下时,存在提取特征困难、目标识别和定位精度低等问题。提出一种煤矿井下低照度环境目标检测算法,由矿井低光图像增强模块LMIENet和目标检测模块组成,使用图像增强模块对原始图像进行画质提升,恢复各类图像信息,再使用目标检测网络对增强图像进行特定目标检测,有效提高检测的精确度。在图像增强模块中,改进Zero-DCE算法设计轻量级增强参数预测网络,计算像素级增强参数矩阵,用于低光照图像的亮度调整和画质增强,该网络通过设计的非参考损失函数隐性衡量图像的增强效果,引导网络进行无监督学习,使网络能够不依赖配对数据集对原始图像进行自适应的画质增强。目标检测模块中,采用YOLO v8n目标检测模型,其轻量化的模型尺寸和高灵活性可避免模型整体复杂度过高;采用Focal-EIoU Loss改进回归损失函数,有效加速模型收敛并提升模型检测精度。实验结果显示:与经典目标检测算法Faster R–CNN,SSD,RetinaNet,FCOS等相比,提出算法在自建矿井人员数据集上表现出色,低光照环境下目标检测的mAP@0.5达到98.0%,mAP@0.5∶0.95达64.8%,在实验环境中单帧图像推理时间仅11 ms,优于其他对比方法,证明提出算法能够有效实现在煤矿井下低照度复杂环境下的目标检测,且耗时短、计算效率高。

数据驱动教育数字化转型的信任机制——教育大数据全生命周期隐私增强模型的构建与典型应用场景分析

教育大数据正在成为驱动国家教育数字化转型战略行动的核心资源,带来了巨大的教育价值,但教育大数据的采集和分析产生了隐私侵害风险、信任危机等严峻问题,阻碍了数据的共享、开发和利用。如何增强教育大数据在开放共享、共建共用中的隐私保护和信任关系,成为制约数据驱动教育数字化转型的关键难题。对此,文章首先采用文献分析法,剖析了教育大数据隐私保护的研究现状与关键问题。随后,文章从应用场景角度设计了教育大数据全生命周期隐私增强框架,并基于此框架从技术实现角度构建了满足不同实体、不同阶段隐私需求的教育大数据全生命周期隐私增强模型及其应用流程。最后,文章介绍了该模型的典型应用场景,涉及学分与资质认证、教育协同与治理、可信评教、个性化学习服务等多个方面。文章的研究能够厘清教育大数据开放共享时的隐私保护关键问题和技术思路,可为实现教育数据要素化全生命周期的隐私保护、建立健全数据驱动教育数字化转型的信任机制提供参考。

超声造影鉴别诊断肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎和乳腺癌的临床价值

目的 探讨超声造影对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)和乳腺癌鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法 选取本院诊断治疗的GLM和乳腺癌患者80例,分为GLM组(42例)和乳腺癌组(38例)。超声造影后观察造影剂状况,评估病灶直径、形态及边缘、微小钙化、回声、内部血流、血管阻力指数(RI)、腋窝淋巴结异常等。结果 GLM病变累及范围及程度不同,超声造影图像特征多样,24例实性肿块,内部呈低回声,呈假肾征。10例弥散型形态不规则、边界不清、后方回声增强。8例管状型,病灶组织及周边出现不规则低回声结构,部分患者合并腋窝淋巴结肿大。GLM组病灶造影剂早期进入时间、高增强、造影剂分布不均匀百分比为28.57%、11.90%和23.81%,低于乳腺癌组52.63%、68.42%和76.32%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLM组病灶最大直径为(6.13±0.81)mm,高于乳腺癌组(3.58±0.74)mm,GLM组病灶边缘毛刺或成角百分比26.19%,低于乳腺癌组81.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLM组微小钙化、内部血流(Ⅱ+Ⅲ级)、RI≥7等百分比分别为9.52%、52.38%、21.43%、23.81%、16.67%,低于乳腺癌组76.32%、63.16%、81.58%、68.42%、88.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声造影可通过评估病灶边缘形态、钙化、回声及血供等特点,在GLM与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断显示出一定优势。

LED3A强化紫花苜蓿修复Cd污染土壤的效果研究

研究可生物降解螯合剂N-十二酰基乙二胺三乙酸盐(LED3A)诱导强化紫花苜蓿修复Cd污染土壤的效果,采用盆栽方法,考察LED3A对紫花苜蓿生理指标、Cd亚细胞分布和化学形态以及增效提取土壤中Cd的影响.结果表明,Cd胁迫显著抑制紫花苜蓿的生长及光合作用,增加丙二醛(MDA)的积累.而在土培体系中施用LED3A,可以提高植株生物量、光合色素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,缓解细胞膜脂过氧化损伤和Cd诱导产生的氧化应激.LED3A的螯合强化作用能够增大紫花苜蓿细胞质中Cd的分布比例,促使植株中的Cd由高活性形态向低活性形态转化,通过细胞壁固持和液泡区隔化提高耐Cd性能,进而减轻毒害.与不添加LED3A组相比,最佳LED3A添加量(321.3 mg·kg^(-1))组紫花苜蓿植株中的总Cd含量和积累量分别提高了29.4%和69.1%,地下/地上富集系数及转运系数分别增加了28.6%,36.4%和10.5%.说明添加适量LED3A可有效提高紫花苜蓿对Cd的耐受性与修复Cd污染土壤的效果.

基于数据驱动的分布式光伏发电功率预测方法研究进展

从综述的角度,以分布式光伏系统为对象,分析了功率预测技术的发展情况、存在的难点以及主要影响因素,梳理了应用数据驱动方法实现功率准确预测的技术路线。再以空间相关性、历史出力功率以及气象等影响因素为切入点,梳理了光伏系统数据驱动的功率预测研究现状,分析其相应的数据增强、时空图信息以及特征融合的手段,讨论了技术的优缺点。最后给出了功率预测数据驱动方法研究方向和发展建议。

乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义。方法选取经病理证实的乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病、肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(granulomatous lobular mastitis,GLM)、乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)共172例患者,将172例患者按三类疾病分为三组;乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组、GLM组、BC组,对预扫描导管高信号及导管样强化在三组数据的阳性率进行卡方检验,判断差异是否有统计学意义。多元logistic回归分析导管样异常信号对鉴别三类病变的价值。结果预扫描导管高信号三组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),导管样强化三组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析:以纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=10.011,95%CI 3.492-28.703,P<0.001)。以BC组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=4.435,95%CI 1.772-11.096,P=0.001)。结论导管样强化对GLM诊断具有一定价值。

化工原理课程教学方法改进与优化措施探讨

化工原理课程是化工相关专业的核心课程,由于化工原理讲授的是复杂的工程理论基础,在教学过程中存在课程难度大、理论与实践脱轨、学生学习动力不足等问题。本文针对这些问题结合多样化教学、生活/工程实际和多维度评价等手段,探讨化工原理课程教学改进与优化的方法,培养学生学习积极性,提高教学效果。