In maize,prolificacy,the number of ears per plant,is a trait of interest to maize breeders for breeding high grain-yielding cultivars or specialty corn,as well as being a model trait for decoding the molecular mechani...In maize,prolificacy,the number of ears per plant,is a trait of interest to maize breeders for breeding high grain-yielding cultivars or specialty corn,as well as being a model trait for decoding the molecular mechanism of maize evolution.Its genetic basis remains largely unknown.We identified a stable quantitative trait locus,qEN7,for ear number on chromosome 7 in both F2 and F2:3 populations derived from a single cross between the nonprolific inbred line Mo17 and the prolific inbred line LAN404 derived from the landrace PI217404.qEN7 explained 10.7%-11.9%of phenotypic variation,and the LAN404 allele at this locus was associated with an increase of around one ear per plant.qEN7 was confined by fine-mapping to a 0.56-Mb region containing eight annotated genes.Analysis of selection,gene expression patterns in various maize tissues,and sequence polymorphisms between the two parental lines suggested that Zm00001d020683,which encodes a putative INDETERMINATE DOMAIN(IDD)transcription factor,is the most likely candidate gene underlying qEN7.Zm00001d020683 is expressed mainly in the vegetative meristem,immature ears,and internodes and has undergone selection during maize improvement.The identification of qEN7 and the prediction of its candidate gene sheds some light on the evolution of maize ear number and provides a novel resource for breeding of multi-ear maize cultivars.展开更多
On the basis of the ovine bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15)gene,two pairs of primers(PI and P2)were designed to amplify exons 1 and 2 of the BMP15 gene in five randomly selected does of both Angora and Jining Grey ...On the basis of the ovine bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15)gene,two pairs of primers(PI and P2)were designed to amplify exons 1 and 2 of the BMP15 gene in five randomly selected does of both Angora and Jining Grey goats.The sequences of BMP15 exon 1(P1 amplification)of Angora and Jining Grey goats were identical.There was a 3-nucleotide(CTT)insertion in positions 268 to 270 of goat BMP 15 exon1 compared with that of sheep(GenBank accession number AF236078),which caused a leucine insertion in the 12th position of amino acid sequence.Sequence length of goat BMP 15 exon 2(P2 amplification)was identical with that of sheep(AF236079),but there were seven nucleotide and four amino acid changes between goat and sheep.The nucleotide in the 963rd position of BMP15 exon 2 was A for Angora goat and sheep,and G for Jining Grey goat.Based on this A963G mutation,primer pair P3 was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of BMP15 exon 2 in breeds of high prolificacy(Jining Grey),moderate prolificacy(Boer)and low prolificacy(Angora and Inner Mongolia Cashmere)by polymerase chain reactionsingle strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP).Three genotypes(AA,AG and GG)were detected in Jining Grey goats,two genotypes(AG and GG)in Boer,and only the AA genotype in Angora and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats.Sequencing revealed one mutation(A963G)in genotype GG compared with genotype AA,and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of serine→glycine(S300G).In Jining Grey goats,frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes were 0.008,0.059 and 0.933,respectively.Genotypic distributions of the BMP 15 gene were significantly different(P<0.05 or P<0.001)between Jining Grey and Boer,Angora,and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats.In Jining Grey goats,the does with the GG genotype had 0.71(P<0.05)or 1.57(P<0.05)additional kids than did those with AG or AA genotypes,and does with the AG genotype had 0.86(P<0.05)more kids than did those with the AA genotype.These results tentatively indicate that the BMP15 gene is either a major gene that affects prolificacy in Jining Grey goats,or may be a molecular marker in close linkage with such a gene.展开更多
Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk pr...Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.展开更多
骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖...骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91935302)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910019026)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2022TC035).
文摘In maize,prolificacy,the number of ears per plant,is a trait of interest to maize breeders for breeding high grain-yielding cultivars or specialty corn,as well as being a model trait for decoding the molecular mechanism of maize evolution.Its genetic basis remains largely unknown.We identified a stable quantitative trait locus,qEN7,for ear number on chromosome 7 in both F2 and F2:3 populations derived from a single cross between the nonprolific inbred line Mo17 and the prolific inbred line LAN404 derived from the landrace PI217404.qEN7 explained 10.7%-11.9%of phenotypic variation,and the LAN404 allele at this locus was associated with an increase of around one ear per plant.qEN7 was confined by fine-mapping to a 0.56-Mb region containing eight annotated genes.Analysis of selection,gene expression patterns in various maize tissues,and sequence polymorphisms between the two parental lines suggested that Zm00001d020683,which encodes a putative INDETERMINATE DOMAIN(IDD)transcription factor,is the most likely candidate gene underlying qEN7.Zm00001d020683 is expressed mainly in the vegetative meristem,immature ears,and internodes and has undergone selection during maize improvement.The identification of qEN7 and the prediction of its candidate gene sheds some light on the evolution of maize ear number and provides a novel resource for breeding of multi-ear maize cultivars.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2006CB102105)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA10Z139)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30540052 and No.30871773)Beijing Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.6062023)
文摘On the basis of the ovine bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15)gene,two pairs of primers(PI and P2)were designed to amplify exons 1 and 2 of the BMP15 gene in five randomly selected does of both Angora and Jining Grey goats.The sequences of BMP15 exon 1(P1 amplification)of Angora and Jining Grey goats were identical.There was a 3-nucleotide(CTT)insertion in positions 268 to 270 of goat BMP 15 exon1 compared with that of sheep(GenBank accession number AF236078),which caused a leucine insertion in the 12th position of amino acid sequence.Sequence length of goat BMP 15 exon 2(P2 amplification)was identical with that of sheep(AF236079),but there were seven nucleotide and four amino acid changes between goat and sheep.The nucleotide in the 963rd position of BMP15 exon 2 was A for Angora goat and sheep,and G for Jining Grey goat.Based on this A963G mutation,primer pair P3 was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of BMP15 exon 2 in breeds of high prolificacy(Jining Grey),moderate prolificacy(Boer)and low prolificacy(Angora and Inner Mongolia Cashmere)by polymerase chain reactionsingle strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP).Three genotypes(AA,AG and GG)were detected in Jining Grey goats,two genotypes(AG and GG)in Boer,and only the AA genotype in Angora and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats.Sequencing revealed one mutation(A963G)in genotype GG compared with genotype AA,and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of serine→glycine(S300G).In Jining Grey goats,frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes were 0.008,0.059 and 0.933,respectively.Genotypic distributions of the BMP 15 gene were significantly different(P<0.05 or P<0.001)between Jining Grey and Boer,Angora,and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats.In Jining Grey goats,the does with the GG genotype had 0.71(P<0.05)or 1.57(P<0.05)additional kids than did those with AG or AA genotypes,and does with the AG genotype had 0.86(P<0.05)more kids than did those with the AA genotype.These results tentatively indicate that the BMP15 gene is either a major gene that affects prolificacy in Jining Grey goats,or may be a molecular marker in close linkage with such a gene.
文摘Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.
文摘骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。
