Cloning and sequence analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen promoter from human colorectal carcinoma with relative DNA fragment from normal tissues

Objective: To investigate the relationship betwhen production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in thehuman cells of different tissues and scquence variation of t CEA promoter in the cellular genomes. and evaluate po-tential application of the ets active scqucnce of CEA gene in colorectal carcinoma tissie-specific gene therapy.Methods: Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to amplify the CEA promoter sequences fromthe genome of human colorectal carcinoma. normal adjacent colonic mucosa tissues. normal blood cells. placentatissues and some established cell lines of human origin. PCR-Southern bloting assay was utilized to define the reliability of the amplified sequences. The scquence variations were evaluated by means of PCR-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Binding effect of the amplified fragment was examinedby Band-Shift assay. Results: No scqucnce variation was found between-135bp and+69bp from the transcription-al initiation site. which was considered to be a core region of CEA promoter. There was no correlativity betweenproduction levels of CEA and sequence variations of CEA gene promoter core region. The fragment amplified either from normal tissues or from colorectal carcinoma tissues could equally bind with the nuclear extract from Lo-Vo cells. Conclusion: Differential level of CEA gene transcription in the colorectal carcinoma cells. as comparedwith normal tissues, was proved not to be related to the sequence variation of CEA promoter core region. CEApromoters, either from normal cellular genome or neoplasm cellular genome. were found suitable for colorectalcarcinoma tissue-specific gene therapy.

Analysis on Sequence and Elements of Cucumisin Promoter

Abstract Leaves of melon were collected and extracted by the CTAB method for total DNA which was used for PCR amplification, obtaining the gene sequence of cucumisin promoter. The sequence results were processed and analyzed with DNAman, DNAstar and other softwares, and bioinformatic element analysis was performed with PlantCARE and PLACE. The analysis results showed that the cucumisin promoter shared 100%, 99% and 99% homology with AY055805, LN713264 and LN681897, respectively. The promoter sequence contains a variety of c/s-acting elements common in fruit promoters of higher plants such as TATA-Box and CAAT-Box, and light-responsive elements, some of which involved in ABA and VP1 responsiveness and salicylic acid responsiveness. This study provides a scien- tific basis for further research on genetic engineering of fruits.

MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acidinduced spina bifida aperta

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.

GFAP promoter directs lacZ expression specifically in a rat hepatic stellate cell line

AIM： The GFAP was traditionally considered to be a biomarker for neural gila （mainly astrocytes and nonmyelinating Schwann cells）. Genetically, a 2.2-kb human GFAP promoter has been successfully used to target astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. More recently, GFAP was also established as one of the several makers for identifying hepatic stellate cells （HSC）. In this project, possible application of the same 2.2-kb human GFAP promoter for targeting HSC was investigated. METHODS： The GFAP-lacZ transgene was transfected into various cell lines （HSC, hepatocyte, and other nonHSC cell types）. The transgene expression specificity was determined by X-gal staining of the β-galactosidase activity. And the responsiveness of the transgene was tested with a typical pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β1. The expression of endogenous GFAP gene was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, providing a reference for the transgene expression. RESULTS： The results demonstrated for the first time that the 2.2 kb hGFAP promoter was not only capable of directing HSC-specific expression, but also responding to a known pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 by upregulation in a doseand time-dependent manner, similar to the endogenous GFAP. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, these findings suggested novel utilities for using the GFAP promoter to specifically manipulate HSC for therapeutic purpose.

Structural Analysis of Chloroplast rbcL Gene from Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

The 3.1 kb BamHI fragment containing the chloroplast rbcL gene from grape (Vitis vinifera L) hasbeen cloned and its restriction map and nucleotide sequence determined. The complete nucleotidesequence is 20O4 bp long with a coding sequence of 1428 bp, which cncode a polypeptide of 475amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53 kd. The 5' upstream sequence including theputative promoter is 358 bp, with a -10 sequence (TAAAAT), a -35 sequence (TTGCGC) and theSD sequence (GGAGG). The 218 bp long 3' downstream sequence contains three transcription stem-loop tendnation structures. The homologies of this gene with those of tobacco, petunia, spinach,alfalfa, rice and maise are 91.5%, 91.4% 90.2%, 89.8%, 86.3% and 84.5% respectively while thehomologies between their putative polypeptide sequences are 92.2% 91.6%, 92.2%, 93.7%, 93.5%and 90.1% respectively.

Structural Analysis of rbcL Gene from an Endangered Plant，（Acanthopanax brachypus）

A 3.2 kb EcoRI DNA fragment containing the complete chloroplast rbcL gene from Acanthopanax brachypus has been cloned. In addition to the 1428 bp coding region encoding 475 amino acids of the gene, 278 bp upstream and 218 bp downstream were also sequenced. Possible ctpl and ctp2, equivalent to prokaryotic-35 and -10 elements, were found as TTGCGC and TACAAT respectively. The 5' untranslated leader region is 194 bp and the putative ribosome binding site in this region is GGAGG,located immediately upstream of the start codon. The 3' unrtanslated region contains two inverted repeat sequences, which in the mRNA might form stem-loop structures. The homology of rbcL amino acid sequence between A. brachypus and tobacco, spinach, pea, alfalfa, maize, rice, pine,Marchantia, Chlamydomonas and Anacystis are, respectively 93.05%,94.11%, 94.53%,89.68%, 92.21%, 2.21%, 92.63%, 87.58% and 80.84%.The promoter regions and part of the 5', 3' non-coding regions of rbcL from various plants were compared.

黄曲霉菌aflR基因启动子序列变异与黄曲霉毒素产生相关联

为探讨黄曲霉菌aflR基因启动子序列变异与黄曲霉毒素产生的关系,收集黄曲霉菌、米曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌若干株。在有利于黄曲霉毒素产生的条件下培养后,提取各菌株的总RNA,RT-PCR法检测aflR基因的mRNA表达水平;并应用ELISA法检测各菌株产生黄曲霉毒素B1的情况。提取各菌株的基因组DNA,PCR扩增aflR基因启动子序列并测序。应用基因分析软件将不产毒素的黄曲霉菌与产毒黄曲霉菌的aflR基因启动子序列进行比较,找出不产毒菌株aflR基因启动子序列的变异位点。ELISA法和RT-PCR法结果表明,产毒的黄曲霉菌菌株均有明显的aflR基因转录,而在2株不产毒的黄曲霉菌菌株中,一株aflR基因无转录,另一株仅有较低水平的转录。序列比较结果表明,不产毒黄曲霉菌菌株的aflR基因启动子序列存在如下共同变异位点:-90、-236、-253、-262、-282位。米曲霉菌产生黄曲霉毒素B1和aflR基因转录的检测均为阴性,并且其aflR基因启动子序列中存在与上述不产毒黄曲霉菌菌株相同的变异位点。寄生曲霉菌产生黄曲霉毒素B1和aflR基因转录的检测均呈阳性,并且其aflR基因启动子序列的上述5个位点与产毒黄曲霉菌完全一致。在不产毒素的黄曲霉菌aflR基因启动子序列中发现了5个共同变异位点,实验结果提示这些变异位点可能与黄曲霉毒素的产生有关。

米曲霉菌AFLR基因启动子序列的克隆

目的 从米曲霉菌中克隆 AFL R基因启动子序列 ,为进一步开展有关研究以深入阐明曲霉菌产生黄曲霉毒素的机制打下基础。方法 应用分子生物学手段从基因文库中克隆目的基因 ,对克隆基因进行了限制性酶谱分析 ,再对启动子序列进行亚克隆并进行了序列测定。结果 从米曲霉菌 ATCC 14895基因文库中克隆获得含 AFL R基因的 8.3kb DNA片段。对该基因片段进行了限制性酶谱分析并绘制了限制性酶切图谱。根据酶谱分析结果 ,将其中 42 0bp片段亚克隆至 p BS 质粒中 ,获得重组质粒 p AP1.1。结论 序列分析结果表明我们成功地从米曲霉菌中克隆了AFL

A novel apidaecin Api-PR19 synergizes with the gut microbial community to maintain intestinal health and promote growth performance of broilers

Background: Antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs) have been used as growth promoters to maintain animal intestinal health and improve feed efficiency in broilers by inhibiting pathogen proliferation. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains and drug residue issues, novel treatments are increasingly required. This study aimed to compare two antimicrobial approaches for managing pathogen infection and maintaining animal intestinal health in broilers by supplying Apidaecin Api-PR19 and AGPs over 42 d of a feeding trial.Results: Compared with the broilers that were only fed a corn-soybean basal diet(CON group), supplementation with Api-PR19 and AGP(respectively named the ABP and AGP groups) both increased the feed conversion efficiency. When compared with the AGP group, Api-PR19 supplementation could significantly increase the organ index of the bursa of fabricius and subtype H9 antibody level in broiler chickens. Moreover, when compared with the CON group, the intestinal villus height, intestinal nutrient transport, and intestinal s Ig A content were all increased in the Api-PR19 group, while AGP supplementation was harmful to the intestinal villus height and intestinal nutrient transport. By assessing the antibacterial effect of Api-PR19 and antibiotics in vitro and in vivo, we found that Api-PR19 and antibiotics both inhibited the growth of pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, by using 16 S r RNA gene sequencing, the beneficial bacteria and microbiota in broilers were not disturbed but improved by apidaecin Api-PR19, including the genera of Eubacterium and Christensenella and the species of uncultured_Eubacterium_sp, Clostridium_asparagiforme, and uncultured_Christensenella_sp, which were positively related to improved intestinal development, absorption, and immune function.Conclusion: Apidaecin Api-PR19 treatment could combat pathogen infection and had little negative impact on beneficial bacteria in the gut compared to antibiotic treatment, subsequently improving intestinal development,absorption, and immune function.

葡萄LEAFY基因启动子的克隆与序列分析

为探明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达调控规律,应用PCR技术从藤稔葡萄中克隆了1个长1833 bp的DNA片段,该序列含有2个内含子区域,编码402个氨基酸,与葡萄LEAFY同源基因VFL有99%的同源性。应用基因组步移法克隆了LEAFY基因的5′侧翼序列925 bp,拼接后的LEAFY基因及启动子序列共2 692 bp(GenBank登录号EF222286)。用PLACE、P lantCARE在线启动子预测工具分析表明:该序列含有启动子的特定结构,如TATA-box,CAAT-box等,另外含有一些顺式作用元件如MYB结合位点、ABA响应元件、光响应元件和一些其他的调控序列,说明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达可能受MYB、ABA和光等的调控。用FootPrinter在线工具对葡萄与拟南芥等其他4种植物的LEAFY同源基因启动子进行比较,发现不同植物的启动子既有保守性,又有多样性,转录因子结合位点的分布相似,但也有区别,暗示了LEAFY基因表达调控的精确性或多样性。

山羊MyoG基因启动子区序列分析与结构预测

为探明山羊MyoG基因的启动子序列与结构及转录调控机制,本研究设计了1对引物,采用PCR扩增、测序以及序列比对分析,从波尔山羊基因组中扩增出一段长度为969bp的山羊MyoG基因的5′侧翼序列,其GC含量为50.6%。经过生物信息学分析,确定了其转录起始位点及活性区域;发现在转录起始位点上游-24bp处存在1个TATA-box,另外还发现了1个GC-box、2个CAAT-box、2个E-box和1个富含A-T碱基的模体结构;该序列还包含HSF、ADR1和cap等转录因子结合位点。通过比对分析,所得山羊MyoG基因5′侧翼序列与牛、马鹿、人、小鼠和鸡同源序列的相似性在37.22%～96.85%之间,说明不同物种间该序列具有一定的保守性。本研究为进一步探讨山羊MyoG基因的表达和调控机制奠定了理论基础。

牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆及功能的初步分析

本研究旨在比较日本和牛MyoG基因的不同长度片段启动子的活性强弱并初步探讨其中的机制。根据GenBank已公布的牛MyoG基因的启动子序列,设计特异性PCR引物扩增日本和牛MyoG基因的一系列启动子缺失序列,构建重组克隆载体pMD18-T-MyoGpro,对阳性克隆进行限制性酶切鉴定、测序及生物信息学分析,进而构建一系列启动子缺失片段的pGL3-MyoGpro双荧光素酶表达载体,转染牛肌源干细胞(MDSCs)和牛胎儿成纤维细胞,并进行双报告基因活性检测。结果表明,日本和牛MyoG基因的166～2 125bp启动子都能不同程度的启动双荧光素酶报告基因在牛肌源干细胞中的表达,且具有肌肉特异性。通过生物信息学分析得知日本和牛MyoG启动子序列中有1个TATA盒,15个E-box,并可能含有MyoD、MEF2、MEF3、MTBF、TEF1、PRDF、Sp1、多个SRF、ERE、GRE及多个Oct-1等转录因子调控结合位点,本试验通过比较不同长度启动子片段的活性并结合对上述转录因子的分析,认为这些转录因子可能对启动子活性起着重要的调控作用。对牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆与功能和序列分析为进一步研究MyoG基因的表达调控奠定了基础。

家蚕丝蛋白Fhx/P25基因启动子区域的克隆及序列分析

为研究家蚕Fhx/P25基因在时空上的调控机制,通过PCR扩增获得家蚕丝素蛋白Fhx/P25基因的启动子序列并进行克隆和序列分析。进一步构建了由Fhx/P25启动子驱动报告基因DsRed的表达载体pSK-P25-DsRed-PolyA,并通过家蚕BmN细胞进行瞬时表达。结果显示:Fhx/P25基因的启动子序列符合真核生物启动子特点,具有丝腺特异性表达启动子的特征,TATA框的保守序列为TATAA,位于-28—-32处,CAAT基序有3个,其中-110—-117和-90—-87处的2个CAAT基序可能具有活性;二级结构分析显示:Fhx/P25启动子区域具有复杂的茎环结构,这可能与蛋白表达的组织特异性、时间性以及活性有关。基因启动子可以驱动红色荧光基因DsRed在家蚕BmN培养细胞中的瞬时表达。

转基因植物中外源非目的基因片段的生物安全研究进展

The biosafety of genetically engineered plants has been of concernment in society and science in recent years. The issue of 35S promoter of CaMV has been contentious because of its wide use in plant genetic engineering. The debate on the safety and potential risks of the 35S promoter will be discussed here. Some of concerns are expressed about the dissemination of antibiotic_resistance genes and vector backbone sequences. Various methods and strategies are currently being developed for the marker gene excision and elimination of vector backbone sequences from transgenic plants. In this review, the CRE/ lox system which could get rid of the marker geens and vector backbone sequences will be discussed in detail. Advances in the research of the safety assessment of genetically modified plants using the CRE/ lox system will also be described.

牛αS1酪蛋白基因启动区的克隆和序列分析

牛αＳ１酪蛋白是牛奶蛋白的最主要成份。本研究利用λＥＭＢＬ３载体构建了牛基因组文库，并且从文库中分离克隆了牛αＳ１酪蛋白基因的启动区。利用自动测序仪，对牛αＳ１酪蛋白基因５′侧翼＋２９８～－１０８２的核苷酸顺序作了测定。经过与牛和其他物种的奶蛋白基因序列比较，推断了牛αＳ１酪蛋白基因的乳腺组织特异性转录因子和一般性核转录因子的结合位点。此外，本文还讨论了牛αＳ１酪蛋白基因启动区的利用前景。

香蕉rbcS基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

以巴西香蕉为材料,根据已经获得的香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的全长cDNA序列设计1对专一引物,通过PCR扩增得到了香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基的基因组全长,序列长811 bp,含有2个内含子。根据其基因组序列设计引物,采用SEFA-PCR方法,以总DNA为模板克隆了香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的启动子序列,长1 681 bp。用PLACE软件分析发现该序列具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box、CAAT-box,包含多个胁迫诱导元件,如光诱导元件、赤霉素、低温诱导元件、昼夜节律调控元件等。该序列的克隆与分析为进一步研究香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的表达调控奠定了基础。

牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆与序列分析

根据G enB ank中已公布的人、猪和小鼠的MyoG基因的5′侧翼和部分第一外显子序列设计PCR引物,用touch-dow n PCR技术扩增了牛MyoG基因的启动子序列,构建了重组克隆载体pGEM-T-MyoG,并通过PCR扩增、限制性酶切对阳性克隆进行了鉴定、测序及生物信息学分析。结果表明,牛MyoG基因的启动子序列(G en-bank中注册号为AY 882581)长度为672 bp,其与猪、人和小鼠相应序列的同源性分别为94%,91%和88%,且其在不同物种之间具有一定的保守性。牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆与序列分析为进一步研究牛MyoG基因的表达调控奠定了基础。

苦荞查尔酮合酶基因FtCHS1启动子的克隆及分析

采用染色体步移技术,从苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.)中克隆获得Ft CHS1基因5'端侧翼序列,共1038 bp,将其命名为PFt CHS1。生物信息学分析表明,PFt CHS1中A/T碱基含量为63.5%,含有4个可能的转录起始位点,分别位于起始密码子上游-684^-734、-692^-742、-920^-970、-929^-979 bp处,该序列包含TATA-Box和CAAT-Box等启动子核心元件以及与光、低温和激素应答等相关的功能元件。本研究进一步构建了PFt CHS1-p BI101植物表达载体,并瞬时转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)叶片,结果显示该序列可驱动GUS报告基因的表达。低温(4℃)和光照(UV-B)处理苦荞幼芽后,采用荧光定量PCR技术分析Ft CHS1基因的表达量,结果表明PFt CHS1可响应低温和紫外环境胁迫,从而引起Ft CHS1基因表达量发生变化。

几个杨树木质部特异启动子的分离与序列分析

为了获得能在桑天牛（Apriona germari）寄主树种木质部特异表达的启动子用于害虫的防治,参照美洲山杨（Populus tremuloidMichx.）木质部纤维素合酶基因（PtCesA）序列（GenBank登录号：AF072131）设计引物,分别以三倍体毛白杨-93（Populus tomentosaCarr.-＂93＂）、加杨-1（Populus CanadensisMoench.-＂1＂）、意大利214杨（Populuscanadensiscv.＂I-214＂）基因组DNA为模板进行体外扩增,分离得到了MDCesAP、MXCesAP、JCesAP、YCesAP共4个片段。虽然4个片段序列之间及与美洲山杨中分离到的PtCesAP基因的同源性较低,但4个片断序列中的A/T含量都在60%-75%之间,且都有TATA box、poly（A）等启动子调控元件,因而有可能是新发现的特异启动子。

皱纹盘鲍肌动蛋白基因启动子的克隆和序列分析

从皱纹盘鲍雌性个体的足部肌肉提取总ＤＮＡ后，通过聚合酶连式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术扩增得到一个扩增产 物。经克隆、筛选、确定重组子产物。测序得到了长度为５１１ｂｐ的启动子片段。分析测序结果发现，皱纹盘鲍 肌动蛋白基因启动子ＤＮＡ序列与目前已知的红鲍相应序列的相似度为９５％；ＯＣ碱基含量为３８．９３％，较红 鲍的低（５９．２％）；所得序列含有高度保守的基本表达调控元件，即一个ＣＡＡＴ框和四个：ＴＡＴＡ框。