Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Practices of Ethnic Kyrgyz of the Eastem Pamir in Ethnotoponyms

The author analyzes ethnotoponyms, the local place names of Kyrgyz people living in the Murgab region of Tajikistan＇s Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous region. The author conducted field research in the region in 2010-2015. The article also builds on data from the works of pre-Soviet Russian and western travelers, who studied the region at middle 19th early 20th centuries. The author concludes that local place names given by Kyrgyz people to the mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys reflect the unique features of natural landscapes of Eastern Pamir as well as Kyrgyz nomads＇ empirical observations of natural phenomena and processes, livelihoods and nomadic values.

“名从主人”是地名规范化的重要原则——从畖底、洪洞、解州的读音说起

《现代汉语词典》给"畖底""洪洞""解州"三个地名字的注音和当地人的实际读音不一致,由此引起对地名读音规范化的一些思考。"名从主人"是在社会实践中自然形成又为公众所认可、所遵守的一条有价值、有意义又有社会效用的原则,它符合语言发展中约定俗成的规律,地名读音的规范化也应遵守这一原则。地名普查不仅为地名读音规范化提供现实的依据,而且对于保护和传承地方文化、维护地方特色文明、顺从民情民意、促进地方经济发展都有意义。目前应积极策划组织,做好全国村以上地名的普查,深入基层,调查了解,忠实记录和描写,做好地名规范化(包括地名读音规范化)的工作,力求为社会留下全面的真实可靠的地名资料。

山西解州的读音审定问题

目前,学术界对山西解州的地名读音有一些争议。本文根据国家的地名读音审定程序,根据地名审定必须坚持"名从主人"原则,根据中国社科院语言研究所调查研究地名的一些成功经验,证明山西解州定音为Hàizhōu没有任何问题。文章最后还对地名审音工作中的一些问题谈了自己的看法。