Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively sim-ple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field.

A Construction of Beam Propagation Methods for Optical Waveguides

This paper presents a systematic method to derive Beam Propagation Models for optical waveguides.The technique is based on the use of the symbolic calculus rules for pseudodifferential operators.The cases of straight and bent optical waveguides are successively considered.

A sub-grid scale model for Burgers turbulence based on the artificial neural network method

The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establish thetraining data set,the validation data set,and the test data set.The artificial neural network(ANN)methodand Back Propagation method are employed to train parameters in the ANN.The developed ANN is applied toconstruct the sub-grid scale model for the large eddy simulation of the Burgers turbulence in the one-dimensionalspace.The proposed model well predicts the time correlation and the space correlation of the Burgers turbulence.

Forced propagation method for Monte Carlo fission source convergence acceleration in the RMC

In loosely coupled or large-scale problems with high dominance ratios,slow fission source convergence can take extremely long time,reducing Monte Carlo(MC)criticality calculation efficiency.Although various acceleration methods have been developed,some methods cannot reduce convergence times,whereas others have been limited to specific problem geometries.In this study,a new fission source convergence acceleration(FSCA)method,the forced propagation(FP)method,has been proposed,which forces the fission source to propagate and accelerate fission source convergence.Additionally,some stabilization techniques have been designed to render the method more practical.The resulting stabilized method was then successfully implemented in the MC transport code,and its feasibility and effectiveness were tested using the modified OECD/NEA,one-dimensional slab benchmark,and the Hoogenboom full-core problem.The comparison results showed that the FP method was able to achieve efficient FSCA.

TRANSIENT-STATE RESPONSE OF WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETO-ELECTRO-ELASTIC SQUARE COLUMN

This is a continued work in studying the wave propagation in a magneto-electroelastic square column （MEESC）. Based on the analytic dispersive equation, group velocity equation and steady-state response obtained in our previous paper ＇Steady-state response of the wave propagation in a magneto-electro-elastic square column＇ published in CME, the dynamical behavior of MEESC was studied in this paper. The unlimited column is an open system. The transientstate response in the open system subjected by arbitrary external fields was derived when the propagating wave pursuing method was introduced.

Full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method based on the modified alternating direction implicit method

A modified alternating direction implicit algorithm is proposed to solve the full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method formulation based on H fields. The cross-coupling terms are neglected in the first sub-step, but evaluated and doubly used in the second sub-step. The order of two sub-steps is reversed for each transverse magnetic field component so that the cross-coupling terms are always expressed in implicit form, thus the calculation is very efficient and stable. Moreover, an improved six-point finite-difference scheme with high accuracy independent of specific structures of waveguide is also constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms along the transverse directions. The imaginary-distance procedure is used to assess the validity and utility of the present method. The field patterns and the normalized propagation constants of the fundamental mode for a buried rectangular waveguide and a rib waveguide are presented. Solutions are in excellent agreement with the benchmark results from the modal transverse resonance method.

Piezoelectric Actuator/Sensor Wave Propagation Based Nondestructive Active Monitoring Method of Concrete Structures

In order to monitor the basic mechanical properties and interior damage of concrete structures,the piezoelectric actuator/sensor based wave propagation method was investigated experimentally in the laboratory using a specifically designed test setup.The energy attenuation of stress waves was measured by the relative index between the output voltage of sensors and the excitation voltage at the actuator.Based on the experimental results of concrete cube and cylinder specimens,the effect of excitation frequencies,excitation amplitude,wave propagation paths and the curing age on the output signals of sensors are evaluated.The results show that the relative voltage attenuation coefficient RVAC is an effective indicator for measuring the attenuation of stress waves through the interior of concrete.

Spectral-element simulations of elastic wave propagation in exploration and geotechnical applications

We apply the spectral-element method（SEM）,a high-order finite-element method（FEM） to simulate seismic wave propagation in complex media for exploration and geotechnical problems. The SEM accurately treats geometrical complexities through its flexible FEM mesh and accurately interpolates wavefields through high-order Lagrange polynomials. It has been a numerical solver used extensively in earthquake seismology. We demonstrate the applicability of SEM for selected 2D exploration and geotechnical velocity models with an open-source SEM software package SPECFEM2D. The first scenario involves a marine survey for a salt dome with the presence of major internal discontinuities,and the second example simulates seismic wave propagation for an open-pit mine with complex surface topography. Wavefield snapshots,synthetic seismograms,and peak particle velocity maps are presented to illustrate the promising use of SEM for industrial problems.

Global SH-wave propagation in a 2D whole Moon model using the parallel hybrid PSM/FDM method

We present numerical modeling of SH-wave propagation for the recently proposed whole Moon model and try to improve our understanding of lunar seismic wave propagation. We use a hybrid PSM/FDM method on staggered grids to solve the wave equations and implement the calculation on a parallel PC cluster to improve the computing efficiency. Features of global SH-wave propagation are firstly discussed for a 100-km shallow and900-km deep moonquakes, respectively. Effects of frequency range and lateral variation of crust thickness are then investigated with various models. Our synthetic waveforms are finally compared with observed Apollo data to show the features of wave propagation that were produced by our model and those not reproduced by our models. Our numerical modeling show that the low-velocity upper crust plays significant role in the development of reverberating wave trains. Increasing frequency enhances the strength and duration of the reverberations.Surface multiples dominate wavefields for shallow event.Core–mantle reflections can be clearly identified for deep event at low frequency. The layered whole Moon model and the low-velocity upper crust produce the reverberating wave trains following each phases consistent with observation. However, more realistic Moon model should be considered in order to explain the strong and slow decay scattering between various phases shown on observation data.

Wavelet Beam Propagation Method for Study the Integrated Optical Waveguide

A new numerical technique based on the wavelet derivative operator is presented as an alternative to BPM to study the integrated optical waveguide. The wavelet derivative operator is used instead of FFT/IFFT or finite difference to calculate the derivatives of the transverse variable in the Helmholtz equation. Results of numerically simulating the injected field at z =0 are exhibited with Gaussian distribution in transverse direction propagating through the two dimensional waveguides (with linear and/or nonlinear refractive index) , which are similar to those in the related publications. Consequently it is efficient and needs not absorbing boundary by introducing the interpolation operator during calculating the wavelet derivative operator. The iterative process needs fewer steps to be stable. Also, when the light wave meets the changes of mediums, the wavelet derivative operator has the adaptive property to adjust those changes at the boundaries.

Modified Wide-angle Beam Propagation Method Using Douglas Operators

A modified wide-angle beam propagation based on the Douglas operators is presented.The truncation error in the modified wide-angle beam propagation is reduced to o (Δ x ) 4 in the transverse direction nearly without any increase of the computation time,whereas the error in the ordinary wide-angle beam propagation method is typically o (Δ x ) 2.With trivial programming changes,the accuracy is higher,especially in wide-angle propagation.

Modeling of fluid dynamics interacting with ductile fraction propagation in high pressure pipeline

This paper presents a computational model for the fluid dynamics in a fractured ductile pipe under high pressure. The pressure profile in front of the crack tip, which is the driving source of crack propagation, is computed using a nonlinear wave equation. The solution is coupled with a one dimensional choked flow analysis behind the crack. The simulation utilizes a high order optimized prefactored compact-finite volume method in space, and low dispersion and dissipation Runge-Kutta in time. As the pipe fractures the rapid depressurization take place inside the pipe and the propagation of the crack-induced waves strongly influences the outflow dynamics. Consistent with the experimental observation, the model predicts the expansion wave inside the pipe, and the reflection and outflow of the wave. The model also helps characterize the propagation of the crack dynamics and fluid flows around the tip of the crack.

Seismic signatures of reservoir permeability based on the patchy-saturation model

Modeling of seismic responses of variable permeability on the basis of the patchy-sa^ration model provides insights into the seismic characterization of fluid mobility. We linked rock-physics models in the frequency domain and seismic modeling on the basis of the propagator matrix method. For a layered patchy-saturated reservoir, the seismic responses represent a combination of factors, including impedance contrast, the effect of dispersion and attenuation within the reservoir, and the tuning and interference of reflections at the top and bottom of the reservoir. Numerical results suggest that increasing permeability significantly reduces the P-wave velocity and induces dispersion between the high- and low-frequency elastic limit. Velocity dispersion and the layered structure of a reservoir lead to complex reflection waveforms. Seismic reflections are sensitive to permeability if the impedance of the reservoir is close to that of the surroundings. For variable layer thickness, the stacked amplitudes increase with permeability for high-velocity surrounding shale, whereas the stacked amplitudes decrease with permeability for low-velocity surrounding shale.

Fast multi-parameter estimation and localization for MIMO radar

This paper addresses the problem of four-dimensional angle and Doppler frequency estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） radar with arbitrary arrays in spatial co- lored noise. A novel method for joint estimation of Doppler fre- quency, two-dimensional （2D） direction of departure and 2D direc- tion of arrival based on the propagator method （PM） for arbitrary arrays is discussed. A special matrix is constructed to eliminate the influence of spatial colored noise. The four-dimensional （4D） angle and Doppler frequency are extracted from the matrix and the three- dimensional （3D） coordinates of the targets are then calculated on the basis of these angles. The proposed algorithm provides a lower computational complexity and has a parameter estimation very close to that of the ESPRIT algorithm and the DOA-matrix al- gorithm in the high signal to noise ratio and the Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） is given. Furthermore, multi-dimensional parameters can be automatically paired by this algorithm to avoid performance degra- dation resulting from wrong pairing. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Novel algorithm on DOA estimation for correlated sources under complex symmetric Toeplitz noise

To cope with the scenario where both uncorrelated sources and coherent sources coexist, a novel algorithm to direction of arrival （DOA） estimation for symmetric uniform linear array is presented. Under the condition of stationary colored noise field, the algorithm employs a spatial differencing method to eliminate the noise covariance matrix and uncorrelated sources, then a Toeplitz matrix is constructed for the remained coherent sources. After preprocessing, a propagator method （PM） is employed to find the DOAs without any eigendecomposition. The number of sources resolved by this approach can exceed the number of array elements at a lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Piezoelectric-based Crack Detection Techniques of Concrete Structures:Experimental Study

Feasibility of a wave propagation-based active crack detection technique for nondestructive evaluations （NDE） of concrete structures with surface bonded and embedded piezoelectric-ceramic （PZT） patches was studied. At first, the wave propagation mechanisms in concrete were analyzed. Then, an active sensing system with integrated actuators/sensors was constructed. One PZT patch was used as an actuator to generate high frequency waves, and the other PZT patches were used as sensors to detect the propagating wave. Scattered wave signals from the damage can be obtained by subtracting the baseline signal of the intact structure from the recorded signal of the damaged structure. In the experimental study, progressive cracked damage inflicted artificially on the plain concrete beam is assessed by using both lateral and thickness modes of the PZT patches. The results indicate that with the increasing number and severity of cracks, the magnitude of the sensor output decreases for the surface bonded PZT patches, and increases for the embedded PZT patches.

Fast parallel factor decomposition technique for coherently distributed source localization

This paper links parallel factor（PARAFAC） analysis to the problem of nominal direction-of-arrival（DOA） estimation for coherently distributed（CD） sources and proposes a fast PARAFACbased algorithm by establishing the trilinear PARAFAC model.Relying on the uniqueness of the low-rank three-way array decomposition and the trilinear alternating least squares regression, the proposed algorithm achieves nominal DOA estimation and outperforms the conventional estimation of signal parameter via rotational technique CD（ESPRIT-CD） and propagator method CD（PM-CD）methods in terms of estimation accuracy. Furthermore, by means of the initialization via the propagator method, this paper accelerates the convergence procedure of the proposed algorithm with no estimation performance degradation. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be directly applied to the multiple-source scenario,where sources have different angular distribution shapes. Numerical simulation results corroborate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fast PARAFAC-based algorithm.

Semi-vectorial analysis of a compact wavelength demultiplexer based on the tapered multimode interference coupler

Based on a parabolically tapered multimode interference （MMI） coupler with a deep-etched SiO2/SiON rib waveguide, a compact wavelength demultiplexer operating at 1.30 and 1.55 μm wavelengths is proposed and analysed by using three-dimensional semi-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method （3D-SV-FD-BPM）. The results show that a MMI section of 330.0 μm in length, which is only 76% length of a straight MMI coupler, is achieved with the contrasts of 42.3 and 39.2dB in quasi-TE mode, and 38.4 and 37.8dB in quasi-TM mode at wavelengths 1.30 and 1.55μm, respectively, and the insertion losses below 0.2dB at both wavelengths and in both polarization states, The alternating direction implicit algorithm with the Crank-Nicholson scheme is applied to the discretization of the 3D-SV-FD-BPM formulation along the longitudinal direction. Moreover, a modified FD scheme is constructed to approximate the resulting equations along the transverse directions, in which the discontinuities of the derivatives of magnetic field components Hy and Hx along the vertical and horizontal interfaces, respectively, are involved.

Low-Complexity DOA Estimation of Noncircular Signals for Coprime Sensor Arrays

This paper presents a low?complexity method for the direction?of?arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays.The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimation.To reduce the computational complexity,the rotational invariance propagator method(RIPM)is included in the algorithm.First,the extended array output is reconstructed by combining the array output and its conjugated counterpart.Then,the RIPM is utilized to obtain two sets of DOA estimates for two subarrays.Finally,the true DOAs are estimated by combining the consistent results of the two subarrays.This illustrates the potential gain that both noncircularity and coprime arrays provide when considered together.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and a better DOA estimation performance than the standard estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique and Capon algorithm.Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Theoretical investigation of band-gap and mode characteristics of anti-resonance guiding photonic crystal fibres

With the full-vector plane-wave method （FVPWM） and the full-vector beam propagation method （FVBPM）, the dependences of the band-gap and mode characteristics on material index and cladding structure parameter in anti- resonance guiding photonic crystal fibres （ARGPCFs） are sufficiently analysed. An ARGPCF operating in the near- infrared wavelength is shown. The influences of the high index cylinders, glass interstitial apexes and silica structure on the characteristics of band-gaps and modes are deeply investigated. The equivalent planar waveguide theory is used for analysing such an ARGPCF filled by the isotropic materials, and the resonance and the anti-resonance characteristics r：~n h~ w~｜] r^r~dlrtpd