Coupling of RANS and BEM Solvers for Simulation of Propeller Behind the Hull in Full Appended Model

To design a propeller for ship power plant,the interaction between ship hull and propeller must be taken into account.The main concern is to apply the wake effect of ship stern on the propeller performance.In this paper,a coupled BEM(Boundary Element Method)/RANS(Renolds-Averaged Navier−Stokes)solver is used to simulate propeller behind the hull in the self-propulsion test.The motivation of this work is to develop a practical tool to design marine propulsion system without suffering long computational time.An unsteady boundary element method which is also known as panel method is chosen to estimate the propeller forces.Propeller wakes are treated using a time marching wake alignment method.Also,a RANS code coupled with VoF equation is developed to consider the ship motions and wake field effects in the problem.A coupling algorithm is developed to interchange ship wake field to the potential flow solver and propeller thrust to the RANS code.Based on the difference between hull resistance and the propeller thrust,a PI controller is developed to compute the propeller RPM in every time step.Verification of the solver is carried out using the towing tank test report of a 50 m oceanography research vessel.Wake factor and trust deduction coefficient are estimated numerically.Also,the wake rollup pattern of the propeller in open water is compared with the propeller in real wake field.

虚拟AP融合CNN模型的自适应RSSI指纹定位方法

基于RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)位置指纹的Wi-Fi室内定位现已被大量应用于各类基于位置信息的服务中。但指纹定位的精度受到RSSI信号的剧烈波动影响,难以满足高精度位置信息服务的需求。为克服该困难,提出一种结合虚拟AP技术与高精度CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)判别模型的定位方法。该方法通过距离比定位得到虚拟AP的位置,并将该信息与RSSI融合作为数据增强CNN模型的输入,确定样本的位置。设计实验方案采集实际的用户终端RSSI数据,构建指纹定位的数据集,验证所提出的指纹定位方案的有效性。实验结果表明,在该数据集上,所提出的方法在确定区域时的准确度达到91%,并将95%的定位误差控制在2 m以内。对比现有的定位方案,所提出的方案在定位精度上有显著提升。

Estimation of surface geometry on combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB propellant under rapid depressurization

The 2D sandwich model serves as a potent tool in exploring the influence of surface geometry on the combustion attributes of Ammonium perchlorate/Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(AP/HTPB)propellant under rapid pressure decay.The thickness of the sandwich propellant is derived from slicing the 3D random particle packing,an approach that enables a more effective examination of the micro-flame structure.Comparative analysis of the predicted burning characteristics has been performed with experimental studies.The findings demonstrate a reasonable agreement,thereby validating the precision and soundness of the model.Based on the typical rapid depressurization environment of solid rocket motor(initial combustion pressure is 3 MPa and the maximum depressurization rate is 1000 MPa/s).A-type(a flatter surface),B-type(AP recesses from the combustion surface),and C-type(AP protrudes from the combustion surface)propellant combustion processes are numerically simulated.Upon comparison of the evolution of gas-phase flame between 0.1 and 1 ms,it is discerned that the flame strength and form created by the three sandwich models differ significantly at the beginning stage of depressurization,with the flame structures gradually becoming harmonized over time.Conclusions are drawn by comparison extinction times:the surface geometry plays a pivotal role in the combustion process,with AP protrusion favoring combustion the most.

野生二粒小麦AP2家族基因鉴定与表达模式分析

AP2转录因子在植物信号转导、生长发育和胁迫响应方面发挥着重要作用。为探索AP2转录因子在野生二粒小麦中的分子特征,基于野生二粒小麦基因组信息,采用Blast和Hmmer进行AP2家族成员鉴定,对鉴定到的成员进行蛋白质理化性质、亚细胞定位、系统进化树、保守结构域、基因扩增、顺式作用元件、密码子偏好性、表达模式和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在野生二粒小麦中共鉴定到265个AP2基因,主要定位在细胞核和叶绿体中。根据系统进化树将其分为3个亚族,各亚族之间的保守结构域和基因结构存在保守性与多样性。AP2含有多个与生长发育和非生物胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。AP2基因的密码子偏好性可能受到压力选择作用。从AP2基因的表达模式看,该家族成员可能发生了亚功能化,且对盐胁迫响应有重要作用。通过对不同小麦群体中核酸多样性和分化指数分析,AP2基因部分成员在野生二粒小麦中具有较高的遗传多样性。

AP assembled on ultrafine aluminum particle and its application to NEPE propellant

Coating modification is an important way to enhance the reactivity of aluminum powder.In this paper,ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powder were assembled into energetic microunits by liquid deposition method.Spherical particles with AP as shell and ultrafine aluminum powder as the core(Al@AP)were gained.The micromorphology results show that the coated particles are about 5μm,and the coating layer is evenly distributed on the outer surface of aluminum powder,indicating a complete coating.The energetic microunits were implanted into the nitrate ester plasticizing adhesive system(NEPE)as solid phase fillers.The effect of filler on the rheological properties,safety,mechanical properties,thermal reaction and energy properties of the system was analyzed by comparing with the raw aluminum filler.The test results show that the rheological properties,mechanical properties and pressure index of NEPE containing system Al@AP meets the requirements of solid propellant charging.Compared with Al based propellant,the mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity are decreased,the safety is better,and the explosion heat of the propellant is increased by 7.8%.The engine test shows that the specific impulse is increased by 1.2 s.Al@AP can improve the energy output and safety of NEPE propellant,and has potential application prospects in high-energy propellants.

Applying Periodic Boundary Conditions to Predict Open Water Propeller Performance

Mathematical models of propellers were created that investigate the influence of periodic boundary conditions on predictions of a propeller's performance.Thrust and torque coefficients corresponding to different advance coefficients of DTMB 4119, 4382, and 4384 propellers were calculated.The pressure coefficient distribution of the DTMB 4119 propeller at different sections was also physically tested.Comparisons indicated good agreement between the results of experiments and the simulation.It showed that the periodic boundary condition can be used to rationally predict the open water performance of a propeller.By analyzing the three established modes for the computation, it was shown that using the spline curve method to divide the grids can meet the calculation's demands for precision better than using the rake cutting method.

Properties of high cis-1,4 content hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and its application in composite solid propellants

In this paper,high cis-1,4 content hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(cis-HTPB)with different molecular weights was prepared through the oxidative cracking process using cis-butadiene rubber as raw material.Firstly,this article comprehensively compared the differences between cis-HTPB and conventional I-HTPB in terms of molecular weight distribution,functionality,viscosity,molecular polarity,and other physicochemical properties,which provided effective data support for its subsequent application.In addition,the reaction kinetics study showed that cis-HTPB with isocyanate curing agent has high reactivity,allowing it to be rapidly cured at low temperatures,and the cured elastomers had excellent mechanical properties,with tensile strength and elongation up to 1.89 MPa and 1100%,respectively.It was also found that cis-HTPB has extremely excellent low-temperature resistance,and the glass transition temperature(T_(g))of its cured elastomer is as low as-101℃.Based on the above studies,cis-HTPB is applied as a binder in composite solid propellants for the first time to investigate its practical performance,and the results indicated that cis-HTPB-based propellants have excellent process and mechanical properties.

Numerical Study on the Influence of Boss Cap Fins on Efficiency of Controllable-pitch Propeller

Numerical simulation is investigated to disclose how propeller boss cap fins （PBCF） operate utilizing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） method. In addition, exploration of the influencing mechanism of PBCF on the open water efficiency of one controllable-pitch propeller is analyzed through the open water characteristic curves, blade surface pressure distribution and hub streamline distribution. On this basis, the influence of parameters including airfoil profile, diameter, axial position of installation and circumferential installation angle on the open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller is investigated. Numerical results show： for the controllable-pitch propeller, the thrust generated is at the optimum when the radius of boss cap fins is 1.5 times of propeller hub with an optimal installation position in the axial direction, and its optimal circumferential installation position is the midpoint of the extension line of the front and back ends of two adjacent propeller roots in the front of fin root. Under these optimal parameters, the gain of open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller with different advance velocity coefficients is greater than 0.01, which accounts for approximately an increase of 1%-5% of open water efficiency.

Subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects

AIM:To describe the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects and evaluate its outcomes.METHODS:The clinical data of 23 patients(23 eyes)who underwent microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent eyelid tumor resection and one-stage microscopic reconstruction with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for anterioror posterior-layer eyelid defects.The survival rate of the propeller flap,eyelid function and appearance,tumor recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were evaluated after the surgery.RESULTS:The patients consisted of 12 men and 11 women,aged 31–82y(mean,58.9y).The longest followup time was 5y,and the shortest was 3mo.All the propeller flaps survived well.There was no significant difference in color and luster between the flap and adjacent tissues,and there was no dog ear phenomenon.No obvious scarring was observed.There were no obvious abnormalities of eyelid morphology or function,and no adverse complications such as exposure keratitis,entropion,ectropion,ptosis,and eyelid retraction.No tumor recurrence was found at the time of the last follow-up.All patients were satisfied with the surgical results.CONCLUSION:The subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects has satisfactor y outcomes in terms of eyelid function and esthetics,and merits clinical application.

Performance optimization of ammonium dinitramide-based liquid propellant in pulsed laser ablation micro-propulsion using LIBS

The efficacy of spacecraft propulsion systems significantly depends on the choice of propellant.This study utilized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)to investigate the impact of different fuel types,fuel ratios,and laser energies on the plasma parameters of ammonium dinitramide(ADN)-based liquid propellants.Our findings suggest that 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide(AMIMDCA)as a fuel choice led to higher plasma temperatures compared to methanol(CH_3OH)and hydroxyethyl hydrazine nitrate(HEHN)under the same experimental conditions.Optimization of the fuel ratio proved critical,and when the AMIMDCA ratio was 21wt.%the propellants could achieve the best propulsion performance.Increasing the incident laser energy not only enhanced the emission spectral intensity but also elevated the plasma temperature and electron density,thereby improving ablation efficiency.Notably,a combination of 100 mJ laser energy and 21wt.%AMIMDCA fuel produced a strong and stable plasma signal.This study contributes to our knowledge of pulsed laser micro-ablation in ADN-based liquid propellants,providing a useful optical diagnostic approach that can help refine the design and enhance the performance of spacecraft propulsion systems.

Two APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS coordinately with Ca MYC2 positively regulate capsaicinoid biosynthesis in pepper(Capsicum annuum)

The transcriptional cascade and regulatory loop play crucial roles in regulating plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis.Capsaicinoids are unique to the genus Capsicum and confer a pungent flavor to its fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of capsaicinoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown.In this study,two AP2/ERF transcription factors(TFs),CaERF102 and CaERF111,were characterized for their role in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis process.Expression analysis of two ERFs and capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes(CBGs)suggested that they were associated with capsaicinoid biosynthesis.Both ERFs encode nuclear-localized proteins and function as transcriptional activators through their C-terminal activation motifs.The two ERF TFs participated in capsaicinoid biosynthesis by directly activating the promoters of key CBGs,and this activation was significantly enhanced when CaMYC2 was co-expressed.Moreover,CaERF102 and CaERF111 were found to interact with CaMYC2.This study helps elucidate the AP2/ERF TF regulatory network that governs capsaicinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum species.

脾多肽注射液联合AP方案治疗晚期肺腺癌的临床研究

研究晚期肺腺癌疾病采取脾多肽注射液联合AP方案治疗的临床疗效。方法 选择我院2021年10月-2023年7月收治晚期肺腺癌患者62例为研究对象,随机数字表法分组,对照组(31例)采取AP(培美曲塞+顺铂)治疗;观察组(31例)采取AP联合脾多肽注射液治疗;对比疗效,检测两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标,统计各组患者治疗后毒副反应总发生率。结果 观察组疾病缓解率、控制率均高于对照组(p<0.05),治疗前两组患者免疫功能指标检测结果对比无统计学意义(p>0.05),治疗后观察组免疫指标检测结果均高于对照组(p<0.05),观察组治疗后毒副反应总发生率低于对照组(p<0.05)。结论 晚期肺腺癌患者采取AP联合脾多肽注射液治疗效果更显著,有效调节患者免疫功能,减轻毒副反应,值得借鉴。

GAP基固体推进剂喷管结构约束下的烤燃响应

固体火箭发动机的喷管结构约束对推进剂在烤燃刺激下的响应过程具有显著影响。为研究喷管喉径对GAP基固体推进剂烤燃响应过程的影响规律,设计搭建了喷管结构试验件的热载荷加载与控制系统,基于激光高速纹影成像技术,观测了发动机喷管结构约束下GAP基推进剂烤燃响应的完整过程,同时测量了烤燃过程中的试验件温度和点火响应产生的冲击波超压。结果表明:含喷管约束的GAP基固体推进剂试件的烤燃响应可分为点火前推进剂软化膨胀,点火后燃烧火焰加速、燃烧转爆轰、壳体失效、爆燃过程。点火后响应过程仅持续0.5~2毫秒。燃烧火焰加速阶段压力缓慢增长,当喷管喉径较小时,流动易发生壅塞,使压力和燃速快速增长并相互促进,导致发生燃烧转爆轰;而喷管喉径较大时,试验件内压力的快速增长无法发生或者维持,降低了燃烧转爆轰的可能性,试验件结构完整性得以保持。

磁共振成像PROPELLER数据网格化中的采样密度补偿新算法

PROPELLER磁共振数据的重建是一个典型的K空间非笛卡尔采样数据的重建问题.由于现有网格化重建算法中的密度补偿需要计算每个采样点的密度补偿系数,须对非笛卡尔分布的数据进行卷积运算,给定N采样点,该卷积运算需要N×N/2次距离运算,由于PROPELLER采集的数据量N很大,计算耗时非常长.本文提出PRO-PELLER数据网格化重建中的密度补偿新算法,通过基于网格化分量全为1的向量来计算在均匀网格点上的采样密度分布值进而加以补偿,使得算法复杂度大大下降.实验表明,本文算法比现有算法的运行时间缩短400多倍,而重建质量与原有算法基本相同.

低张MRCP结合Propeller LAVA动态增强扫描在壶腹周围病变中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨低张胰胆管水成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)结合Pro-pellerLAVA多期动态增强扫描在壶腹周围病变综合诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:对34例壶腹周围病变患者在常规MR扫描基础上行低张MRCP及十二指肠低张后PropellerLAVA多期动态增强扫描,对原始图像进行3DMIP及MPR重建后处理,观察病变的间接及直接征象并与临床随访及病理结果对照。结果:34例中31例梗阻性质诊断明确,1例胰头癌漏诊,2例炎症误诊为肿瘤,定性诊断准确率为91.2%。30例行PropellerLAVA增强扫描,直接征象显示率达93.3%,肿瘤浸润范围诊断符合率为80.8%。26例肿瘤性病变中壶腹部癌5例,胆总管远端癌11例、胰头癌9例、壶腹周围十二指肠腺癌1例,定位准确率分别为88.5%(23/26)、84.6%(22/26)、88.5%(23/26),十二指肠腺癌误诊为乳头癌。另外直观显示了4例病变局限、直径在2.0cm以内的早期壶腹周围癌。结论:低张MRCP结合PropellerLAVA动态增强扫描能够全面、直观显示壶腹部病变的间接及直接征象,在明确肿瘤性病变的范围及周围组织、血管浸润方面具有重要意义,对壶腹部较小或隐匿病变亦具有较高的应用价值。

磁共振成像PROPELLER采样数据重建中的运动估计新算法

PROPELLER(推进器)采样技术能够利用K空间中心重叠采样区域的数据来估计采集过程中受检查者的运动进而加以补偿,对运动伪影的消除效果非常显著。然而,由于其重建时的运动估计是基于最大化频域空间上相关系数的配准算法,该算法为了实现旋转估计与平移估计的分离,在进行旋转估计时,仅仅采用K空间数据的模,在数据量有限的情况下造成估计精度较低,在重建图像上表现为模糊及星条状伪影。本研究基于最大化图像空间上的互信息提出一种PROPELLER采样数据的运动估计新算法,首先由每个K空间带进行傅立叶逆变换后取模重建出系列临时图像,对这些图像进行模糊增强后以互信息作为相似性测度迭代搜索最优的运动参数。实验证明,该方法能显著提高PROPELLER采样数据重建中运动估计与补偿的精度,从而更好地消除伪影,特别是用于有运动时T1加权头部成像时。

PROPELLER技术在改善固定义齿脑梗塞患者图像伪影中的意义

目的探讨磁共振螺旋桨技术(periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines enhanced reconstruction,PROPELLER)在改善固定义齿脑梗塞患者MR图像伪影中的作用。方法对2013年1月至2015年1月来我科行MRI检查装有固定义齿的患者81例,分别采用PROPELLER DWI技术和常规FSE DWI序列进行头颅MRI扫描,对采集到的MRI图像进行观察。结果PROPELLER DWI检出脑梗塞病灶78例,未检出病灶3例分别是额叶1例,颞叶2例;FSE DWI检出脑梗塞病人20例,未检出病灶61例,额叶、颞叶、小脑及脑干出现伪影分别为19例、39例、1例、2例。结论 PROPELLER技术能有效消除磁敏感伪影,改善固定义齿脑梗塞患者的MR图像质量,增加脑梗塞病灶的检出率,对改善MR图像质量有非常好的作用。

磁共振Propeller技术消除伪影的临床应用

目的:探讨Propeller技术在临床的应用价值。方法:日常工作中随机对19例磁共振头颅检查中出现躁动或有固定金属异物患者,应用Propeller技术进行成像,与常规T2FRFSE序列、DWI序列进行对比扫描。其中因躁动产生运动伪影进行PropellerT2加权成像11例,因金属异物产生伪影进行PropellerDWI成像8例,同时进行PropellerT2WI、DWI成像5例。结果:19例应用Propeller技术进行T2WI、DWI成像消除因运动、金属引起的伪影均获得满意图像。结论:应用PropellerT2WI、DWI成像技术明显消除患者因运动或金属异物造成的伪影,可生成高分辨无伪影具有临床诊断意义的理想图像。

金属结扎丝对颅脑MR影像的影响与Propeller技术的临床应用

目的探讨金属结扎丝对头部MRI的影响及Propeller技术在消除头部金属伪影中的应用价值。方法对10例上颌前牙因外伤松动、脱位的患者,用金属结扎丝结扎固定后分别用FSE序列T1加权像,普通EPI扩散加权成像序列(EPIDWI)、Propeller扩散加权成像序列(PropellerDWI)成像并进行对比。结果10例患者在FSE序列T1加权像矢状面MRI中均有重度的磁敏感伪影;普通EPIDWI序列颅脑解剖组织处有明显的磁敏感伪影;PropellerDWI技术能明显减少磁敏感伪影生成满意的影像。结论金属结扎丝对颌面部及颅脑MR成像有较大的影响;PropellerDWI成像技术能明显消除磁敏感伪影获得具有临床诊断价值的理想影像。

基于Voronoi图的磁共振PROPELLER数据网格化算法

PROPELLER数据采集成像算法是磁共振成像中的一项新技术,由于其数据的网格化直接影响该成像算法的效果,因此提出一种基于Voronoi图的网格化算法.该算法对采样数据集进行网格分组查找,快速消除位置相同点;加入边缘闭包后进行Voronoi网格化,计算Voronoi网格面积并将其作为网格化的密度补偿权函数,提出基于网格分组的快速网格化算法并成像.实验表明,该算法运行速度快,成像清晰,图像对比度和细节较好,信噪比得到有效提高.