Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

铝电解槽磁流体稳定性判定:基于垂直磁场B_(z)算术平均值的研究

研究了铝电解槽磁流体动力学(MHD)稳定性的判定标准,重点分析了垂直磁场Bz算术平均值(B_(z0))在评估中的关键作用。通过文献综述、理论推导和实证研究,验证了B_(z0)作为MHD稳定性判定指标的有效性。采用某500 kA铝电解项目为案例,结果表明B_(z0)对电解槽磁场设计具有显著指导作用。提出了基于B_(z0)的MHD稳定性判定模型,并对比了不同稳定性判据的优缺点,为铝电解槽的设计和优化提供了新思路和方法。

第一性原理对M@B_(12)N_(12)(M=Sc-Zn)团簇结构和性质的研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对M@B_(12)N_(12)(M=Sc-Zn)团簇的几何、电子结构,电偶极性和红外吸收光谱进行详细的研究.结果显示:当B_(12)N_(12)团簇内嵌过渡金属原子后,虽然结构稳定性稍稍降低,但其化学活性得到提高,摩尔体积明显增大.过渡金属原子与B_(12)N_(12)结合的过程中,除Cu和B原子外,剩余金属与N原子的Mulliken电荷出现负值.另外,金属原子的加入,不仅增加电偶极矩和极化率的值,还促使其红外吸收光谱发生红移.

超声参数Z-评分与子宫动脉血流参数对GDM患者胎儿生长受限的预测效能

目的探究超声参数Z-评分与子宫动脉血流参数对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者胎儿生长受限(FGR)的预测效能。方法选取郑州市妇幼保健院妇产科自2022年1月至2023年12月收治的80例GDM患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并胎儿生长受限分为FGR组和非FGR组。对比两组孕妇超声参数(腹围及头腹围比值Z-评分)、子宫动脉血流参数[收缩期最大血流速度与舒张期末期血流速度的比值(S/D)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)],绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),探讨超声参数Z-评分与子宫动脉血流参数对GDM患者合并FGR的预测效能。结果FGR组与非FGR组胎儿腹围、头腹围比值、腹围Z-评分、头腹围比值Z-评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FGR组S/D、RI、PI指标均高于非FGR组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,头腹围比值Z-评分、腹围Z-评分、PI、S/D、RI的曲线下面积分别为0.786、0.756、0.747、0.735、0.702,敏感度分别为86.76%、83.21%、81.57%、78.77%、76.78%,特异度分别为68.79%、67.82%、66.20%、59.76%、58.67%,联合预测的曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度分别为0.908、92.58%、78.96%。结论腹围及头腹围比值Z-评分联合S/D、RI、PI指标对GDM患者合并胎儿生长受限的预测效能较好。

直接Z-型BAs/Ga_(2)SO范德华异质结光催化分解水研究

基于第一性原理计算,系统研究了BAs/Ga_(2)SO异质结的光催化分解水性能.结果表明:BAs/Ga_(2)SO异质结具有良好的热力学稳定性并表现出交错的能带排列方式,带隙值为0.73 eV,界面处存在从BAs指向Ga_(2)SO的内建电场使其形成了直接Z-型异质结,能够有效分离光生电子-空穴对.另外,异质结的带边位置可以跨越水的氧化还原电位,析氢反应发生在BAs侧而析氧反应发生在Ga_(2)SO侧.最后,基于吉布斯自由能变化计算,发现在有光照时,析氢和析氧反应在BAs/Ga_(2)SO异质结表面可自发进行.以上结果表明BAs/Ga_(2)SO异质结是有潜力的光催化分解水材料.

基于线性调频Z变换的电缆故障高精度定位

为了解决传统的电缆故障定位谱数据冗余度高且定位精度低的问题,本文提出一种基于线性调频Z变换(CZT)的电缆故障高精度定位方法。首先根据传输线理论,分析故障电缆的分布参数和反射系数特征,然后对反射系数实部进行CZT,最后采用迭代式滤波进行去噪,得到电缆故障定位谱。结果表明,本文所提方法的故障点识别误差为0.025%~0.275%。相较于快速傅里叶变换(FFT),本文所提方法具有定位谱细化、分辨率高、冗余度低、故障定位精度高的优点。

Adhesion property of AlCrNbSiTi high-entropy alloy coating on zirconium:experimental and theoretical studies

Experimental scratch tests and first-principles calculations were used to investigate the adhesion property of AlCrNbSiTi high-entropy alloy(HEA)coatings on zirconium substrates.AlCrNbSiTi HEA and Cr coatings were deposited on Zr alloy substrates using multi-arc ion plating technology,and scratch tests were subsequently conducted to estimate the adhesion property of the coatings.The results indicated that Cr coatings had better adhesion strength than HEA coatings,and the HEA coatings showed brittleness.The special quasi-random structure approach was used to build HEA models,and Cr/Zr and HEA/Zr interface models were employed to investigate the cohesion between the coatings and Zr substrate using first-principles calculations.The calculated interface energies showed that the cohesion between the Cr coating and the Zr substrate was stronger than that of the HEA coating with Zr.In contrary to Al or Si in the HEA coating,Cr,Nb,and Ti atoms binded strongly with Zr substrate.Based on the calculated elastic constants,it was found that low Cr and high Al content decreased the mechanical performances of HEA coatings.Finally,this study demonstrated the utilization of a combined approach involving first-principles calculations and experimental studies for future HEA coating development.

Transition metal coordination polymers with flexible dicarboxylate ligand:Synthesis,characterization,and photoluminescence property

Under solvothermal conditions,six new coordination polymers(CPs)[Mn(L)(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(1),[Co(L)(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(2),[Cu(L)(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(3),[Zn_(2)(L)_(2)(phen)2(H_(2)O)]_(n)(4),[Zn(L)(phen)]_(n)(5),and[Cd(L)(phen)2]_(n)(6)were synthesized by reactions of dicarboxylate ligand 2,2'-(1,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(sulfanediyl)dinobutyric acid(H_(2)L)and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen)with the corresponding metal salts.Complexes 1-6 have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses,elemental analysis,IR,thermogravimetric analysis,and powder X-ray diffraction.The structures of 1-6 are 1D chains,which are further connected by hydrogen bonding interac-tions to form 3D supramolecular structures.Among them,1 and 2 are isomorphic with L2-of syn-conformation,while L2-shows anti-conformation in 3-6.In addition,the solid-state photoluminescence property of 4-6 was investigated.

Effect of Property Tax on Optimization and Upgrading of Industrial Structure

China's economic growth and economic development has entered a new stage,and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the core driving force for China to achieve high-quality economic development during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.Property tax has a conductive effect on the upgrading of industrial structure.Therefore,from the perspective of property tax and industrial structure adjustment and the relationship between them,this study summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign scholars.On the basis of the research,the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on improving China's property tax and promoting the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.

SiS_(2)/ZnO范德华异质结光催化水分解第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理方法,研究了SiS_(2)/ZnO范德华异质结的电子结构和光催化性质.结果表明,SiS_(2)/ZnO异质结是带隙值为1.32 eV的半导体材料,表现出交错排列的能带结构.在异质结界面处,形成了从ZnO指向SiS_(2)的内置电场,该内置电场的存在使得SiS_(2)/ZnO异质结中形成了特殊的“Z-型”载流子迁移模式,有利于电子空穴对的有效分离,同时增强了载流子的氧化还原能力.异质结构具有良好的热力学稳定性,且带边位置跨越水的氧化还原电位.与单层材料相比,SiS_(2)/ZnO异质结光吸收谱出现红移现象,表现出更宽的光吸收范围(从可见光到紫外光)及更强的光吸收强度(达到10~5 cm^(-1)量级).另外,通过施加双轴应变,可以有效调控SiS_(2)/ZnO异质结的带隙值.以上结果表明SiS_(2)/ZnO异质结有潜力成为新型光催化剂用于全解水.

基于线性调频Z变换的控制电缆多点缺陷定位研究

为解决传统控制电缆缺陷定位方法的不足,本文提出一种基于线性调频乙变换的控制电缆多点缺陷定位方法。首先,依据控制电缆分布参数模型,得到多点缺陷电缆的反射系数特征,并分析反射系数特征对电缆缺陷定位识别的可行性。然后,对S.参数实部特征进行CZT变换,利用选代式滤波处理变换结果,得到定位谱。实验结果表明,本文方法缺陷定位误差在0.017%~0.725%之间,与FFT相比,本文方法可以细化定位谱,具有更高的分辨率和较低的允余度,多点缺陷定位精准度高。

A novel solution treatment and aging for powder bed fusion-laser beam Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy:Microstructural and mechanical characterization

Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Sn-6Mo alloy is one of the most recent titanium alloys processed using powder bed fusion-laser beam(PBF-LB)technology.This alloy has the potential to replace Ti-6Al-4V in automotive and aerospace applications,given its superior mechanical properties,which are approximately 10%higher in terms of ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength after appropriate heat treatment.In as-built conditions,the alloy is characterized by the presence of soft orthorhombicα″martensite,necessitating a postprocessing heat treatment to decompose this phase and enhance the mechanical properties of the alloy.Usually,PBFed Ti6246 components undergo an annealing process that transforms theα″martensite into anα-βlamellar microstructure.The primary objective of this research was to develop a solution treatment and aging(STA)heat treatment tailored to the unique microstructure produced by the additive manufacturing process to achieve an ultrafine bilamellar microstructure reinforced by precipitation hardening.This study investigated the effects of various solution temperatures in theα-βfield(ranging from 800 to 875℃),cooling media(air and water),and aging time to determine the optimal heat treatment parameters for achieving the desired bilamellar microstructure.For each heat treatment condition,differentα-βmicrostructures were found,varying in terms of theα/βratio and the size of the primaryα-phase lamellae.Particular attention was given to how these factors were influenced by increases in solution temperature and how microhardness correlated with the percentage of the metastableβphase present after quenching.Tensile tests were performed on samples subjected to the most promising heat treatment parameters.A comparison with literature data revealed that the optimized STA treatment enhanced hardness and UTS by13%and 23%,respectively,compared with those of the annealed alloy.Fracture surface analyses were conducted to investigate fracture mechanisms.

Z世代青年情绪消费的现实表征、形成原因与引导策略

Z世代青年作为当下庞大的消费群体,以其个性化的消费方式将情绪消费推向主流。作为丰裕物质的享有者、网络空间中的独立者、新事物与新个性的引领者和中华民族伟大复兴的见证者,他们的情绪消费呈现出以情绪价值为核心的情感需求、以符号消费为象征的身份认同、以个性凸显为追求的话语表达、以爱国情感为内驱的价值支撑等现实表征。情绪消费升温并非空穴来风,情绪价值背后的资本性扩张、消费主义思潮在消费领域的感性传播、网络媒介环境下兴趣圈层的情感共振以及Z世代青年群体解压悦己的心理渴求是其形成的主要原因。对于情绪消费的消极影响,应从政府调控、文化引领、责任担当以及情感关怀等方面着手,正确引导Z世代青年的情绪消费,保障Z世代青年健康成长。

Effects of aggregate size distribution and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of cemented gangue backfill samples under true triaxial compression

The mechanical behavior of cemented gangue backfill materials(CGBMs)is closely related to particle size distribution(PSD)of aggregates and properties of cementitious materials.Consequently,the true triaxial compression tests,CT scanning,SEM,and EDS tests were conducted on cemented gangue backfill samples(CGBSs)with various carbon nanotube concentrations(P_(CNT))that satisfied fractal theory for the PSD of aggregates.The mechanical properties,energy dissipations,and failure mechanisms of the CGBSs under true triaxial compression were systematically analyzed.The results indicate that appropriate carbon nanotubes(CNTs)effectively enhance the mechanical properties and energy dissipations of CGBSs through micropore filling and microcrack bridging,and the optimal effect appears at P_(CNT)of 0.08wt%.Taking PSD fractal dimension(D)of 2.500 as an example,compared to that of CGBS without CNT,the peak strength(σ_(p)),axial peak strain(ε_(1,p)),elastic strain energy(Ue),and dissipated energy(U_(d))increased by 12.76%,29.60%,19.05%,and90.39%,respectively.However,excessive CNTs can reduce the mechanical properties of CGBSs due to CNT agglomeration,manifesting a decrease inρ_(p),ε_(1,p),and the volumetric strain increment(Δε_(v))when P_(CNT)increases from 0.08wt%to 0.12wt%.Moreover,the addition of CNTs improved the integrity of CGBS after macroscopic failure,and crack extension in CGBSs appeared in two modes:detour and pass through the aggregates.Theσ_(p)and U_(d)firstly increase and then decrease with increasing D,and porosity shows the opposite trend.Theε_(1,p)andΔε_(v)are negatively correlated with D,and CGBS with D=2.150 has the maximum deformation parameters(ε_(1,p)=0.05079,Δε_(v)=0.01990)due to the frictional slip effect caused by coarse aggregates.With increasing D,the failure modes of CGBSs are sequentially manifested as oblique shear failure,"Y-shaped"shear failure,and conjugate shear failure.

Processing,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additively-manufactured AZ91 magnesium alloy using cold arc process

Thin walls of an AZ91 magnesium alloy with fine equiaxed grains were fabricated via cold arc-based wire arc additive manufacturing(CA-WAAM),and the droplet transfer behaviours,microstructures,and mechanical properties were investigated.The results showed that the cold arc process reduced splashing at the moment of liquid bridge breakage and effectively shortened the droplet transfer period.The microstructures of the deposited samples exhibited layered characteristics with alternating distributions of coarse and fine grains.During layer-by-layer deposition,the β-phase precipitated and grew preferentially along grain boundaries,while the fineη-Al_(8)Mn_(5)phase was dispersed in the α-Mg matrix.The mechanical properties of the CA-WAAM deposited sample showed isotropic characteristics.The ultimate tensile strength and elongation in the building direction(BD)were 282.7 MPa and 14.2%,respectively.The microhardness values of the deposited parts were relatively uniform,with an average value of HV 69.6.

鹿源藿香假丝酵母菌DZ018的分离鉴定及其体外益生特性研究

[目的]从梅花鹿瘤胃液中分离和鉴定出具有益生菌潜能的酵母菌,并对其体外益生功能进行评价,为其在动物营养与饲料中应用以及鹿源益生菌制剂的研制提供参考。[方法]采用YPD固体培养基从健康雄性梅花鹿瘤胃液中分离出酵母菌菌株,对分离株进行形态学观察、生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,测定其生长性能及产酸性能,并绘制生长曲线;探究其在不同pH、不同浓度胆盐及人工胃液和人工肠液中的耐受性;采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测菌株的药物敏感性,并对菌株进行小鼠安全性试验。[结果]从梅花鹿瘤胃液中分离到1株优势酵母菌,并将其命名为DZ018,其菌落菌体形态特征、生理生化特性和ITS rRNA序列均与藿香假丝酵母菌(Candida rugosa)的特征相符。生长性能测定结果显示,分离株在YPD液体培养基中生长迅速,培养2 h时进入对数生长期,且具有一定的产酸能力。耐受性评价结果显示,分离株对低pH有较好的耐受性,在pH为2.5~6.5范围内均能正常生长,最适生长pH为4.5;对胆盐耐受性较强,在0.3%和1.0%胆盐中存活率均>100%,在2.0%胆盐中存活率可达74.27%;在人工胃液和人工肠液中的存活率分别为31.64%和64.80%。药敏试验结果显示,分离株对氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑和酮康唑表现敏感,对两性霉素B耐药。小鼠安全性试验结果显示,分离株对小鼠生长性能和脏器系数均无不良影响。[结论]本研究从梅花鹿瘤胃液中分离获得1株具有一定益生潜力的藿香假丝酵母菌DZ018,其耐受性强、安全性好。试验结果为鹿源益生菌在鹿科动物生产中的应用及微生态制剂的开发提供参考和理论依据。

Characterization and correlation of engineering properties with microstructure in peanuts:A microscopic to macroscopic analysis

Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.

稀土元素Er、Yb和Y掺杂ZrO_(2)的第一性原理研究

氧化锆具有声子能量低,介电常数高和带隙较宽等优良特性,并且立方相的氧化锆(cZrO_(2))透光率高,适合作为上转换发光材料的基质.采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波赝势法研究了稀土元素Er、Yb和Y掺杂cZrO_(2)的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果显示,掺入Y元素后,cZrO_(2)转变为直接带隙材料,继续掺入Er和Yb原子后,费米能级移动到价带内,带隙显著减小.Y和Er混掺后,增强了cZrO_(2)在近红外波段的吸收能力.继续掺入Yb后,cZrO_(2)对近红外波段的吸收能力有了进一步地增加.

“Zero‑Strain” NiNb_(2)O_(6) Fibers for All‑Climate Lithium Storage

Niobates are promising all-climate Li^(+)-storage anode material due to their fast charge transport,large specific capacities,and resistance to electrolyte reaction.However,their moderate unit-cellvolume expansion(generally 5%–10%)during Li^(+)storage causes unsatisfactory long-term cyclability.Here,“zero-strain”NiNb_(2)O_(6) fibers are explored as a new anode material with comprehensively good electrochemical properties.During Li^(+)storage,the expansion of electrochemical inactive NiO_(6) octahedra almost fully offsets the shrinkage of active NbO_(6) octahedra through reversible O movement.Such superior volume-accommodation capability of the NiO_(6) layers guarantees the“zero-strain”behavior of NiNb_(2)O_(6) in a broad temperature range(0.53%//0.51%//0.74%at 25//−10//60℃),leading to the excellent cyclability of the NiNb_(2)O_(6) fibers(92.8%//99.2%//91.1%capacity retention after 1000//2000//1000 cycles at 10C and 25//−10//60℃).This NiNb_(2)O_(6) material further exhibits a large reversible capacity(300//184//318 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 25//−10//60℃)and outstanding rate performance(10 to 0.5C capacity percentage of 64.3%//50.0%//65.4%at 25//−10//60℃).Therefore,the NiNb_(2)O_(6) fibers are especially suitable for large-capacity,fast-charging,long-life,and all-climate lithium-ion batteries.

Z世代青年积极社会心态培育:价值、问题与进路

Z世代青年是社会经济变迁过程中的特殊一代,在价值观念与行为方式上显现出鲜明的代际特征。培育Z世代青年积极社会心态,对于推动社会主义现代化建设、提高社会综合治理水平以及促进青年个体全面发展具有重要价值意蕴。当前,中国特色社会主义进入新时代,经济、社会、技术等诸多因素迅猛变革,既给Z世代青年提供了广阔舞台和发展机遇,也使他们在网络生活、现实生存和群体生长等产生群体性社会心态问题,形成掣肘其健康发展的多重风险。应注重引导Z世代青年正确处理虚拟与现实关系,重视满足Z世代青年合理利益诉求,并以主流意识形态激发Z世代青年的奋斗精神。