Design of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for an Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area Power Thermal Systems Using Firefly Algorithm

Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.

Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller Design and Simulation for Bioengineering Systems

This paper deals with the study of fractional order system tuning method based on Factional Order Proportional Integral Derivative( FOPID) controller in allusion to the nonlinear characteristics and fractional order mathematical model of bioengineering systems. The main contents include the design of FOPID controller and the simulation for bioengineering systems. The simulation results show that the tuning method of fractional order system based on the FOPID controller outperforms the fractional order system based on Fractional Order Proportional Integral( FOPI) controller. As it can enhance control character and improve the robustness of the system.

引入PID反馈的SHAEKF算法估算电池SOC

电池荷电状态(SOC)的估算精度是电动汽车电池组的重要指标。为提升SOC估算精度,在融合Sage-Husa扩展卡尔曼滤波(SHEKF)算法与自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)算法的基础上,增加比例积分微分(PID)反馈环节,形成改进算法。采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对二阶RC等效电路模型进行参数辨识;用开源电池数据集对模型和算法进行实验和分析。改进的SHAEKF算法在电池动态应力测试(DST)、北京动态应力测试(BJDST)和美国联邦城市驾驶(FUDS)等工况下的平均估计误差都在1%以内,与单纯的融合算法SHAEKF算法相比,最大误差可减小5%。

基于金豺优化PID的直流电机调速控制系统

针对传统直流(DC)有刷电机调速系统适应性不强、抗干扰能力和稳健性差等缺点,设计了基于金豺算法优化比例-积分-微分(PID)的直流有刷电机控制系统.在建立电机数学模型的基础上,将金豺优化(GJO)算法应用于PID参数整定,实现对电机的控制,并分别与传统试凑法、反向传播(BP)-PID算法和麻雀算法(SSA)-PID进行对比.仿真结果表明:所设计的控制算法在调节时间上减少了12 ms,超调量降低了3.689%,受到干扰后的调节时间减少了17 ms,表现出更快的调节转速、更强的抗干扰能力和更好的稳健性,为直流有刷电机调速控制提供了一种有效的方案.

Proportion Integration Differentiation(PID)Control Strategy of Belt Sander Based on Fuzzy Algorithm

Aiming at solving the problems of response lag and lack of precision and stability in constant grinding force control of industrial robot belts,a constant force control strategy combining fuzzy control and proportion integration differentiation(PID)was proposed by analyzing the signal transmission process and the dynamic characteristics of the grinding mechanism.The simulation results showed that compared with the classical PID control strategy,the system adjustment time was shortened by 98.7%,the overshoot was reduced by 5.1%,and the control error was 0.2%-0.5%when the system was stabilized.The optimized fuzzy control system had fast adjustment speeds,precise force control and stability.The experimental analysis of the surface morphology of the machined blade was carried out by the industrial robot abrasive grinding mechanism,and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy were verified.

基于MPC和PID的脚轮式全向移动平台轨迹跟踪

针对现有运动控制策略无法保证独立驱动脚轮式全向移动平台位姿的高精度控制问题,提出一种基于模型预测控制(MPC)和PID控制相结合的双闭环轨迹跟踪控制策略。首先,利用运动学几何关系建立独立驱动脚轮式全向移动平台在世界坐标系下的三自由度运动学模型,基于正交分解法建立平台在机器人坐标系下的逆运动学模型,以反映平台中心点速度与各个脚轮转速间的关系;其次,采用MPC并基于三自由度运动学模型设计位姿控制器,使平台对期望轨迹进行位姿跟踪,并在考虑多目标约束条件的情况下通过位姿控制器求解出最优控制量;最后,采用PID设计速度控制器,用于跟踪位姿控制器输出的期望速度,通过平台逆运动学模型计算得到期望轮速,从而驱动平台实现全向运动。通过仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性,平台能有效跟踪直线轨迹和圆形轨迹。仿真结果表明,与通过平台转角逆运动学模型解耦驱动轮速的位置单环轨迹跟踪控制策略相比,加入速度内环后系统超调量下降97.23%,响应时间缩短36.84%。

Adaptive proportional integral differential control based on radial basis function neural network identification of a two-degree-of-freedom closed-chain robot

A closed-chain robot has several advantages over an open-chain robot, such as high mechanical rigidity, high payload, high precision. Accurate trajectory control of a robot is essential in practical-use. This paper presents an adaptive proportional integral differential （PID） control algorithm based on radial basis function （RBF） neural network for trajectory tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） closed-chain robot. In this scheme, an RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot, at the same time, the PID parameters can be adjusted online and the high precision can be obtained. Simulation results show that the control algorithm accurately tracks a 2-DOF closed-chain robot trajectories. The results also indicate that the system robustness and tracking performance are superior to the classic PID method.

基于改进PID-LQR的导弹稳定控制方法研究

导弹稳定控制系统是提高导弹制导性能的关键技术之一,一直以来都是研究的热点和重点。以导弹纵向平面为例,建立了导弹稳定控制的状态空间模型,推导了LQR控制算法,在传统LQR方法的基础上,结合PID算法提出了一种改进的PID-LQR导弹稳定控制方法。通过仿真分析,比较了所提方法和传统LQR方法、改进LQR方法、模糊PID-LQR方法的控制性能,并对建立的导弹模型参数进行了拉偏试验,仿真结果表明所提出的方法优于其他3种方法,具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性。

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法研究

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行环境复杂,导致传统的比例积分微分(PID)控制过程难以准确设定控制参数。为解决这一问题,设计冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法。首先,通过分析冷链运输车空调冷风机工作过程,选取多个控制参数,以降低复杂度。然后,设计基于自适应PID控制器的控制模型,以送风温度和送风压力作为控制量,将冷、热水流量及风机转速作为被控制量,求解控制量和被控制量的传递函数。最后,根据传递函数与期望值间的耦合关系,对控制分量的增减进行调整,以实现冷链运输车空调冷风机运行的自适应PID控制。试验结果表明,该方法能够使冷链运输车内温度保持稳定。该方法控制精准度高、鲁棒性强、实用价值高,可以确保货物在整个冷链运输过程中的质量和安全。

基于自适应PID算法的变频器节能控制系统设计

在当前的电气应用中,变频器控制系统应用广泛,但面临的挑战也愈发明显。特别是在能耗管理方面,由于其缺乏智能调控频段能耗的能力,系统整体能耗偏高。为此,文章提出基于自适应比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)算法的变频器节能控制系统设计。构建以微处理器为核心的变频器节能控制结构,将神经网络与PID控制器相结合,构造自适应PID控制器。结合变频器节能控制结构的能耗计算与反馈,通过自适应调节权值系数完成变频系数调整,降低各频段能耗,实现变频器节能控制研究。实验结果显示,该系统节能效果显著,能耗最高仅为20 J,且相较于对比文献,该系统运行稳定,运行时间短,为变频器节能控制运行提供了保障。

基于模糊PID的打磨头角度控制策略研究

在进行风电机组叶片表面打磨工序时,需要控制打磨头的径向与叶片表面保持垂直。对打磨头的角度调整问题进行分析和研究,通过分析打磨头的结构构成与运动轨迹,建立打磨头伺服系统的数学模型。基于角度变化引起的重力转矩补偿量,提出一种模糊比例-积分-微分(Proportion-Integral-Differential,PID)的角度伺服控制系统。Simulink仿真验证结果表明,重力补偿后模糊PID控制方法的打磨头伺服系统响应速度更快、误差更小,能够较好地调整打磨头的角度。

基于模糊神经网络PID的无人艇航向控制器研究

针对常规比例、积分和微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制器在无人艇航向控制系统中表现出的稳定性差、控制精度低等问题,文章提出一种将模糊控制与反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络相结合的控制算法;在MATLAB中对比常规PID控制器、模糊PID控制器与模糊神经网络PID控制器在给定期望航向角下的航向控制性能,仿真结果表明模糊神经网络PID控制器对无人艇的航向控制性能最佳;在搭建的实验平台上对不同航向控制器下无人艇的航行轨迹和航向角进行比较,实验结果进一步验证了模糊神经网络PID航向控制算法的优越性。

基于PID的陆区航路纵向碰撞风险控制

为提高陆区航路运行的安全性,减少间隔冲突隐患,仿真研究陆区航路纵向碰撞风险,首先,基于位置误差理论建立陆区航路的纵向碰撞风险数学模型,综合考虑飞行员干预时间,使用安全目标水平反推,确定航空器运行安全区域的前后边界;然后,使用Matlab软件的System Identification工具箱拟合辨识快速存取记录器(QAR)数据,得到反映发动机推力手柄角度和速度变化对应关系的传递函数,依此设计比例、积分与微分(PID)控制系统,将航空器纵向间隔控制在安全区域内;最后,使用Simulink搭建控制系统进行仿真,以验证控制系统功能。结果表明:在给定航路流量(50架/h)条件下,该控制系统能够实时计算2机纵向安全间隔范围(3326~16674 m),并在产生间隔冲突时于70 s内将前后机间隔调整至标称值。PID控制系统能够将碰撞风险始终维持在安全目标水平之上,提高航空器运行的安全性。

基于PID控制的自适应密钥生成

在无线安全通信中,生成密钥并保证其稳定是至关重要的。目前绝大多数密钥生成方案都是以恒定的速率探测信道,没有考虑实际环境中由于信道状态的改变而导致信道探测效率和KGR(Key Generation Rate)不稳定的问题。为了使合法通信端的信道探测效率和KGR保持稳定,提出一种基于PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)控制的自适应密钥生成方案。该方案将实际信道探测效率与目标信道探测效率作比较,自适应引入AR(Artificial Randomness),从而保持信道探测效率的稳定;根据反馈的KGR与目标KGR比较,自适应调整信道探测速率,从而保持KGR稳定。仿真结果表明,不论信道环境变化得快与慢,自适应控制器都能将信道探测效率和KGR稳定在相应的目标值附近。

模糊PID控制下的CSPRs配对进近纵向碰撞风险

为控制近距离平行跑道(CSPRs)配对进近的纵向碰撞风险,提高该程序的运行安全,首先,基于快速存取记录器(QAR)数据分析航空器在进近过程中的速度变化特征,拟合其在进近阶段的定位误差分布;其次,考虑前机的尾流影响,建立基于位置误差的配对进近纵向碰撞风险模型,计算得到前后机的最优纵向间隔;然后,使用Matlab的System Identification工具箱,拟合辨识发动机推力手柄角度和飞机速度变化的相关数据,得到其对应关系的传递函数,根据该函数设计模糊比例、积分、微分(PID)控制系统,通过控制前后机间的纵向间隔使碰撞风险维持在最低值;最后,使用Simulink仿真验证该控制系统。结果表明:模糊PID控制系统在响应时间、超调量、稳定性等方面的表现皆优于传统的PID控制系统,该模糊PID系统能在50 s内将前后机的纵向碰撞风险控制在最低值(1.72×10-38次事故/飞行小时),并且在整个配对程序的实施过程中维持该值。

静止无功补偿器的小波神经网络PID控制方法研究

静止无功补偿器(SVC)是电力系统中应用广泛的动态无功补偿装置。针对传统比例积分微分(PID)在SVC动态调节过程中由于控制器参数固定而存在动态响应、自适应能力差的问题,提出了一种基于小波神经网络PID(WNNPID)的SVC电流反馈电压稳定控制方法。首先,分别选取SVC的电压差ΔUr、电压误差ΔU和补偿电压USL作为WNNPID控制器的输入信号,而控制器的输出为SVC的参考电纳。然后,采用小波神经网络(WNN)和增量式PID控制对WNNPID控制器的结构进行设计。最后,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台对所提控制方法进行仿真,并与基于反向传播(BP)神经网络PID的控制效果进行了对比。仿真结果表明,所提WNNPID控制方法具有更稳定的电压控制效果、较快的响应速度、较好的动静态响应性能和较强的自适应能力。

基于非线性PID的微电网虚拟同步发电机控制

为解决传统虚拟同步发电机(VSG:Virtual Synchronous Generator)电压电流双闭环控制的抗扰动性能差,受系统参数变化及各种不确定影响较大等问题,在建立微电网VSG转动惯量自适应控制模型的基础上,采用一种基于跟踪微分器的非线性PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation)实现电压外环和电流内环的控制,并根据输出信号的反馈值实时调节系统动态响应,从而达到稳定输出的效果。通过仿真验证了基于非线性PID的微电网虚拟同步发电机双闭环控制的正确性和有效性。

Improved single-neuron PID controller for DC motor applied in robot system

An improved single-neuron proportional integral derivative （ PID ） controller and a new method to build the DC motor system were presented in the article. In the simulation, the robot arm is considered as an external load to DC motor. Both the motor module and the load module are crea- ted in Simulink to achieve simulation results closer to real robot system. In this way, it can well veri- fy the performance of the improved single-neuron PID controller, which is a combined controller of normal PID controller and single-neuron PID controller. Besides, an intelligent switcher can help to realize the function of choosing a better control algorithm according to motor＇ s velocity output. Sim- ulated results confirm the rapid and stable response of the improved PID controller. Moreover, the improved single-neuron PID controller has an excellent ability to overcome the load impact and su- press the jamming signals. At last, a GUI interface platform is built to make the controller easier to be applied in other robot systems.

Design of Nichols PID Controller for Load Frequency Control

为解决互联水电系统负荷频率控制（load frequencycontrol,LFC）问题,及保持互联电网系统频率、联络线功率及区域控制误差（area control error,ACE）的稳定,根据闭环系统谐振峰值与系统响应最大峰值之间的关系,构建一个与系统参数及控制器参数都相关的优化问题,通过该问题的求解获得控制器参数与系统参数之间的数学关系,针对水轮发电系统非最小相位特性,通过串加比例–微分（proportional-derivative,PD）控制方式降低系统阶次,设计尼科尔斯（Nichols）曲线的比例–积分–微分（proportional-integral-derivative,PID）控制器。基于模型参数扰动和负荷干扰的仿真结果表明：尼科尔斯PID控制器能快速调整系统频率偏差、联络线功率偏差及ACE为0,具有良好的鲁棒性能和抗负荷干扰性能,系统过渡过程性能明显优于传统PID调节器结果。

Fuzzy Self-adaptive Proportional Integration Differential Control for Attitude Stabilization of Quadrotor UAV

The technology of attitude control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is one of the most important UAVs' research areas.In order to achieve a satisfactory operation in quadrotor UAVs having proportional integration differential(PID) controllers,it is necessary to appropriately adjust the controller coefficients which are dependent on dynamic parameters of the quadrotor UAV and any changes in parameters and conditions could affect desired performance of the controller.In this paper,combining with PID control and fuzzy logic control,a kind of fuzzy self-adaptive PID control algorithm for attitude stabilization of the quadrotor UAV was put forward.Firstly,the nonlinear model of six degrees of freedom(6-DOF) for quadrotor UAV is established.Secondly,for obtaining the attitude of quadrotor,attitude data fusion using complementary filtering is applied to improving the measurement accuracy and dynamic performance.Finally,the attitude stabilization control simulation model of the quadrotor UAV is build,and the self-adaptive fuzzy parameter tuning rules for PID attitude controller are given,so as to realize the online self-tuning of the controller parameters.Simulation results show that comparing with the conventional PID controller,this attitude control algorithm of fuzzy self-adaptive PID has a better dynamic response performance.