Action model learning has become a hot topic in knowledge engineering for automated planning.A key problem for learning action models is to analyze state changes before and after action executions from observed"p...Action model learning has become a hot topic in knowledge engineering for automated planning.A key problem for learning action models is to analyze state changes before and after action executions from observed"plan traces".To support such an analysis,a new approach is proposed to partition propositions of plan traces into states.First,vector representations of propositions and actions are obtained by training a neural network called Skip-Gram borrowed from the area of natural language processing(NLP).Then,a type of semantic distance among propositions and actions is defined based on their similarity measures in the vector space.Finally,k-means and k-nearest neighbor(kNN)algorithms are exploited to map propositions to states.This approach is called state partition by word vector(SPWV),which is implemented on top of a recent action model learning framework by Rao et al.Experimental results on the benchmark domains show that SPWV leads to a lower error rate of the learnt action model,compared to the probability based approach for state partition that was developed by Rao et al.展开更多
On April 26,the first event of CIIS Dialogue was held under the theme of“An Equal and Orderly Multipolar World&A Universally Beneficial and Inclusive Economic Globalization:Implications and the Way Forward.”Offi...On April 26,the first event of CIIS Dialogue was held under the theme of“An Equal and Orderly Multipolar World&A Universally Beneficial and Inclusive Economic Globalization:Implications and the Way Forward.”Officials of international organizations in China and renowned scholars at home and abroad had in-depth discussions on the two major Chinese propositions.展开更多
People unavoidably provide reasons for their words and deeds when reasoning in a language-game. Wittgenstein thinks that when people in different language-games argue with one other, they insist on adopting a doubtful...People unavoidably provide reasons for their words and deeds when reasoning in a language-game. Wittgenstein thinks that when people in different language-games argue with one other, they insist on adopting a doubtful attitude toward the reasons provided by the other side. His use of the term ＂language-game＂ here is a metaphor, and implies＇that people in different cultures can scarcely reason with one another. Indeed, according to Wittgenstein＇s consideration of concepts of logic in On Certainty, language-games are incompatible with one another because their internal logic and reasons are different from each other. However, in his discussion of empiricalpropositions Wittgenstein has also shown us the possibility that the internal reasons of one language-game can transmit beyond its own borders and be valid in another language-game.展开更多
Objective:This paper aims to evaluate the implementation effect of the diversified course assessment method reform.Methods:A diversified assessment method was implemented for 196 undergraduate nursing students.Student...Objective:This paper aims to evaluate the implementation effect of the diversified course assessment method reform.Methods:A diversified assessment method was implemented for 196 undergraduate nursing students.Students’mastery of key knowledge in“Nursing Research”was assessed through group reports on topic selection and literature retrieval,as well as the proposition level of the final examination.Results:81.6%of the students agreed with the course assessment method,and 97.9%believed studying“Nursing Research”would be helpful for future scientific research applications.Conclusion:Diversified assessment methods can help improve undergraduate nursing students’scientific research skills and comprehensive quality.展开更多
All kinds of search techniques in nowaday AI (Artificial Intelhgent) science and engineering are of point-to-point type, and the search path from the starting point (original state) to the goal point (final state) for...All kinds of search techniques in nowaday AI (Artificial Intelhgent) science and engineering are of point-to-point type, and the search path from the starting point (original state) to the goal point (final state) forms a search-tree in the statespace, with a lot of intermediate points (intermediate states) on it.展开更多
Les constituants d’un énoncé possèdent des fonctions syntaxiques différentes. L’analyse d’une proposition a pour but d’indiquer les fonctions jouées par les mots ou groupes de mots dans ce...Les constituants d’un énoncé possèdent des fonctions syntaxiques différentes. L’analyse d’une proposition a pour but d’indiquer les fonctions jouées par les mots ou groupes de mots dans cette proposition, et faire l’analyse d’une phrase revient à indiquer les fonctions jouées par les propositions de la phrase.展开更多
To build a modern socialist country in an all-encompassing way is a great and arduous historical mission facing China and also a great and arduous cause in the course of human history.The comprehensive construction of...To build a modern socialist country in an all-encompassing way is a great and arduous historical mission facing China and also a great and arduous cause in the course of human history.The comprehensive construction of Chinese modernization is an important part of the century-old diplomatic process.China’s great reform should also be realized against the backdrop of global changes.In recent academic exchanges,some experts and scholars at home and abroad have stressed the proposition that how China and the outside world adjust their relations has become the core issue of global politics in the twenty-first century.With the passage of time and the deepening ofcommunication,this proposition has been recognized by more people.展开更多
On the basis of differently defined functions- than otherwise - for conjunction, disjunction and implication （＊）, we construct a formal system, as an axiomatic theory, on its three levels： propositional, predicate...On the basis of differently defined functions- than otherwise - for conjunction, disjunction and implication （＊）, we construct a formal system, as an axiomatic theory, on its three levels： propositional, predicate and arithmetical one, intended to be a formalizaton of identically false formulas. We argue somewhat in favor of such a system from the point of view of its meta theory （it is complete and consistent one）, of properties of duality, symmetry etc., as well as of a logic of a possible world.展开更多
The analytical-synthetic distinction keeps being of great interest.But why?Analytical sentences are camouflaged tautologies.They are not falsifiable,neither in this Kant’s world or in any of Leibniz’possible worlds.
The Communist Party of China’s propositions regarding human rights in its diplomatic practice over the past 100 years have emerged and evolved amid drastic changes in the domestic and international environment,and it...The Communist Party of China’s propositions regarding human rights in its diplomatic practice over the past 100 years have emerged and evolved amid drastic changes in the domestic and international environment,and it is necessary to interpret them in the context of the times and their particular historic juncture.With the theme of the CPC’s diplomatic thought changing from“revolution and war”to“peace and development”over the past century,the core value of the CPC’s propositions regarding human rights in its diplomatic practice has gradually evolved from the view of collective human rights characterized by demanding,realizing and defending the right to national self-determination to the view which attaches equal importance to individual and collective human rights and espouses a people-centered approach in human rights protection.In this process,the CPC has followed the international trend,accepted international human rights norms,actively participated in global human rights governance,integrated the universality of human rights with China’s national conditions,continually summed up its own experience in human rights practice,provided the international community with Chinese wisdom and solutions,advanced the establishment of a fairer,more reasonable and inclusive global human rights governance system,promoted the building of a community of shared future for mankind,and opened a new path of human rights diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
In this paper,a formula is given. The formula gives the number of prime number solutions of the indefinite equation p 1+p 2=2n , and based on it, an equivalent proposition to the conjecture of Goldbach is obtained.
In this paper, the syntactical problenss of lattice- valued proptnitional logicsystem LP(X) are discuased , the soundness theorem and the deduction thooremare given, and the adequaey problem of LP(X) is solved with sl...In this paper, the syntactical problenss of lattice- valued proptnitional logicsystem LP(X) are discuased , the soundness theorem and the deduction thooremare given, and the adequaey problem of LP(X) is solved with slishtrestriction.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the properties of Γ-conclusion by means of deduction theorems, completeness theorems and the theory of truth degree of formulas, the present papers introduces the concept of the membership de...Based on the analysis of the properties of Γ-conclusion by means of deduction theorems, completeness theorems and the theory of truth degree of formulas, the present papers introduces the concept of the membership degree of formulas A is a consequence of Γ (or Γ-conclusion) in Lukasiewicz n-valued propositional logic systems, Godel n-valued propositional logic system and the R0 n-valued propositional logic systems. The condition and related calculations of formulas A being Γ-conclusion were discussed by extent method. At the same time, some properties of membership degree of formulas A is a Γ-conclusion were given. We provide its algorithm of the membership degree of formulas A is a Γ-conclusion by the constructions of theory root.展开更多
In this paper,the definitions of fuzzy regular subsemigroup and fuzzy left(right,intra-)regular sub-semigroup in semigroups are introduced.Some characterizations of them are given.Proposition 2.1.A fuzzy set A in a se...In this paper,the definitions of fuzzy regular subsemigroup and fuzzy left(right,intra-)regular sub-semigroup in semigroups are introduced.Some characterizations of them are given.Proposition 2.1.A fuzzy set A in a semigroup S is a fuzzy subsemigroup iff for any λ∈[0,1],if A_λ={x∈S|A(x)≥λ}≠ ,then A_λ is a subsemigroup of S.Proposition 2.2.A fuzzy set A in a semigroup S is a fuzzy left(right)ideal iff for any λ∈(0,1],if A={x∈S|A(x)展开更多
To make the large-scale helium cryogenic system of fusion device EAST （experimen- tal advanced super-conducting tokamak） run stably, as the core part, the helium turbine expander must meet the requirement of refrige...To make the large-scale helium cryogenic system of fusion device EAST （experimen- tal advanced super-conducting tokamak） run stably, as the core part, the helium turbine expander must meet the requirement of refrigeration capacity. However, previous designs were based on one dimension flow to determine the average fluid parameters and geometric parameters of impeller cross-sections, so that it could not describe real physical processes in the internal flow of the tur- bine expander. Therefore, based on the inverse proposition of streamline curvature method in the context of quasi-three-dimensional flows, the all-over-controlled vortex concept was adopted to design the impeller under specified condition. The wrap angle of the impeller blade and the whole flow distribution on the meridian plane were obtained; meanwhile the performance of the designed impeller was analyzed. Thus a new design method is proposed here for the inverse proposition of the helium turbine expander impeller.展开更多
The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some prop...The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61103136,61370156,61503074)Open Research Foundation of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory(2014afdl002)
文摘Action model learning has become a hot topic in knowledge engineering for automated planning.A key problem for learning action models is to analyze state changes before and after action executions from observed"plan traces".To support such an analysis,a new approach is proposed to partition propositions of plan traces into states.First,vector representations of propositions and actions are obtained by training a neural network called Skip-Gram borrowed from the area of natural language processing(NLP).Then,a type of semantic distance among propositions and actions is defined based on their similarity measures in the vector space.Finally,k-means and k-nearest neighbor(kNN)algorithms are exploited to map propositions to states.This approach is called state partition by word vector(SPWV),which is implemented on top of a recent action model learning framework by Rao et al.Experimental results on the benchmark domains show that SPWV leads to a lower error rate of the learnt action model,compared to the probability based approach for state partition that was developed by Rao et al.
文摘On April 26,the first event of CIIS Dialogue was held under the theme of“An Equal and Orderly Multipolar World&A Universally Beneficial and Inclusive Economic Globalization:Implications and the Way Forward.”Officials of international organizations in China and renowned scholars at home and abroad had in-depth discussions on the two major Chinese propositions.
文摘People unavoidably provide reasons for their words and deeds when reasoning in a language-game. Wittgenstein thinks that when people in different language-games argue with one other, they insist on adopting a doubtful attitude toward the reasons provided by the other side. His use of the term ＂language-game＂ here is a metaphor, and implies＇that people in different cultures can scarcely reason with one another. Indeed, according to Wittgenstein＇s consideration of concepts of logic in On Certainty, language-games are incompatible with one another because their internal logic and reasons are different from each other. However, in his discussion of empiricalpropositions Wittgenstein has also shown us the possibility that the internal reasons of one language-game can transmit beyond its own borders and be valid in another language-game.
基金Nursing Research Outcome of the Pilot Project for Course Assessment Reform in Sanya University(Project number:SYJGKH2022138)。
文摘Objective:This paper aims to evaluate the implementation effect of the diversified course assessment method reform.Methods:A diversified assessment method was implemented for 196 undergraduate nursing students.Students’mastery of key knowledge in“Nursing Research”was assessed through group reports on topic selection and literature retrieval,as well as the proposition level of the final examination.Results:81.6%of the students agreed with the course assessment method,and 97.9%believed studying“Nursing Research”would be helpful for future scientific research applications.Conclusion:Diversified assessment methods can help improve undergraduate nursing students’scientific research skills and comprehensive quality.
文摘All kinds of search techniques in nowaday AI (Artificial Intelhgent) science and engineering are of point-to-point type, and the search path from the starting point (original state) to the goal point (final state) forms a search-tree in the statespace, with a lot of intermediate points (intermediate states) on it.
文摘Les constituants d’un énoncé possèdent des fonctions syntaxiques différentes. L’analyse d’une proposition a pour but d’indiquer les fonctions jouées par les mots ou groupes de mots dans cette proposition, et faire l’analyse d’une phrase revient à indiquer les fonctions jouées par les propositions de la phrase.
文摘To build a modern socialist country in an all-encompassing way is a great and arduous historical mission facing China and also a great and arduous cause in the course of human history.The comprehensive construction of Chinese modernization is an important part of the century-old diplomatic process.China’s great reform should also be realized against the backdrop of global changes.In recent academic exchanges,some experts and scholars at home and abroad have stressed the proposition that how China and the outside world adjust their relations has become the core issue of global politics in the twenty-first century.With the passage of time and the deepening ofcommunication,this proposition has been recognized by more people.
文摘On the basis of differently defined functions- than otherwise - for conjunction, disjunction and implication （＊）, we construct a formal system, as an axiomatic theory, on its three levels： propositional, predicate and arithmetical one, intended to be a formalizaton of identically false formulas. We argue somewhat in favor of such a system from the point of view of its meta theory （it is complete and consistent one）, of properties of duality, symmetry etc., as well as of a logic of a possible world.
文摘The analytical-synthetic distinction keeps being of great interest.But why?Analytical sentences are camouflaged tautologies.They are not falsifiable,neither in this Kant’s world or in any of Leibniz’possible worlds.
文摘The Communist Party of China’s propositions regarding human rights in its diplomatic practice over the past 100 years have emerged and evolved amid drastic changes in the domestic and international environment,and it is necessary to interpret them in the context of the times and their particular historic juncture.With the theme of the CPC’s diplomatic thought changing from“revolution and war”to“peace and development”over the past century,the core value of the CPC’s propositions regarding human rights in its diplomatic practice has gradually evolved from the view of collective human rights characterized by demanding,realizing and defending the right to national self-determination to the view which attaches equal importance to individual and collective human rights and espouses a people-centered approach in human rights protection.In this process,the CPC has followed the international trend,accepted international human rights norms,actively participated in global human rights governance,integrated the universality of human rights with China’s national conditions,continually summed up its own experience in human rights practice,provided the international community with Chinese wisdom and solutions,advanced the establishment of a fairer,more reasonable and inclusive global human rights governance system,promoted the building of a community of shared future for mankind,and opened a new path of human rights diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.
文摘In this paper,a formula is given. The formula gives the number of prime number solutions of the indefinite equation p 1+p 2=2n , and based on it, an equivalent proposition to the conjecture of Goldbach is obtained.
文摘In this paper, the syntactical problenss of lattice- valued proptnitional logicsystem LP(X) are discuased , the soundness theorem and the deduction thooremare given, and the adequaey problem of LP(X) is solved with slishtrestriction.
文摘Based on the analysis of the properties of Γ-conclusion by means of deduction theorems, completeness theorems and the theory of truth degree of formulas, the present papers introduces the concept of the membership degree of formulas A is a consequence of Γ (or Γ-conclusion) in Lukasiewicz n-valued propositional logic systems, Godel n-valued propositional logic system and the R0 n-valued propositional logic systems. The condition and related calculations of formulas A being Γ-conclusion were discussed by extent method. At the same time, some properties of membership degree of formulas A is a Γ-conclusion were given. We provide its algorithm of the membership degree of formulas A is a Γ-conclusion by the constructions of theory root.
文摘In this paper,the definitions of fuzzy regular subsemigroup and fuzzy left(right,intra-)regular sub-semigroup in semigroups are introduced.Some characterizations of them are given.Proposition 2.1.A fuzzy set A in a semigroup S is a fuzzy subsemigroup iff for any λ∈[0,1],if A_λ={x∈S|A(x)≥λ}≠ ,then A_λ is a subsemigroup of S.Proposition 2.2.A fuzzy set A in a semigroup S is a fuzzy left(right)ideal iff for any λ∈(0,1],if A={x∈S|A(x)
文摘To make the large-scale helium cryogenic system of fusion device EAST （experimen- tal advanced super-conducting tokamak） run stably, as the core part, the helium turbine expander must meet the requirement of refrigeration capacity. However, previous designs were based on one dimension flow to determine the average fluid parameters and geometric parameters of impeller cross-sections, so that it could not describe real physical processes in the internal flow of the tur- bine expander. Therefore, based on the inverse proposition of streamline curvature method in the context of quasi-three-dimensional flows, the all-over-controlled vortex concept was adopted to design the impeller under specified condition. The wrap angle of the impeller blade and the whole flow distribution on the meridian plane were obtained; meanwhile the performance of the designed impeller was analyzed. Thus a new design method is proposed here for the inverse proposition of the helium turbine expander impeller.
文摘The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.
