Objective: To study episodic and semantic memory for faces and other non-verbal information in semantic dementia (SD). Background: Semantic memory impaired in the rare diagnosis of SD by definition, including knowledg...Objective: To study episodic and semantic memory for faces and other non-verbal information in semantic dementia (SD). Background: Semantic memory impaired in the rare diagnosis of SD by definition, including knowledge about well- known persons and their appearance. Episodic memory is held to be better preserved. Methods: Two computerized face recognition tests were administered, one measuring episodic memory (Male Faces) and one semantic memory (Political Faces) in addition to a comprehensive test battery. A computerised test of non-verbal semantic memory for national symbols (Euro Flags) was also administered druring the retention interval of the Male Faces test. Results: The SD participants were severely impaired in the episodic face recognition test. In contrast, their performance was in the normal range in Euro Flags and Political Faces, based on knowledge of national political figures. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of preserved dynamic memory and severely impaired memory for static facial information in semantic dementia. Research proposals regarding further studies of this paradoxical prosopagnosia in semantic dementia are presented in order to clarify issues regarding static versus dynamic aspects of face memory.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acquired prosopagnosia is a rare condition characterized by the loss of familiarity with previously known faces and the inability to recognize new ones.It usually occurs after the onset of brain lesions suc...BACKGROUND Acquired prosopagnosia is a rare condition characterized by the loss of familiarity with previously known faces and the inability to recognize new ones.It usually occurs after the onset of brain lesions such as in a stroke.The initial identification of prosopagnosia generally relies on a patient’s self-report,which can be challenging if it lacks an associated chief complaint.There were few cases of prosopagnosia presenting purely as eye symptoms in the previous literature confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).CASE SUMMARY We present a case of delayed diagnosis of prosopagnosia after a right hemisphere stroke in an elderly man whose chief complaint was persistent and progressive"blurred vision"without facial recognition impairment.Ophthalmic tests revealed a homonymous left upper quadrantanopia,with normal visual acuity.He was found by accident to barely recognize familiar faces.The patient showed severe deficit in face recognition and perception tests,and mild memory loss in neuropsychological assessments.Further functional MRI revealed the visual recognition deficits were face-specific.After behavioral intervention,the patient started to rely on other cues to compensate for poor facial recognition.His prosopagnosia showed no obvious improvement eight months after the stroke,which had negative impact on his social network.CONCLUSION Our case demonstrates that the presentation of prosopagnosia can be atypical,and visual difficulties might be a clinical manifestation solely of prosopagnosia,which emphasizes the importance of routinely considering face recognition impairment among elderly patients with brain lesions.展开更多
Although unilateral spatial neglect, global processing deficit, or prosopagnosia followingbrain damage has been usually reported separately, to our knowledge, a report on a patient with the three mentioned syndromes h...Although unilateral spatial neglect, global processing deficit, or prosopagnosia followingbrain damage has been usually reported separately, to our knowledge, a report on a patient with the three mentioned syndromes has not been reported. We now present a case that developed unilateral spatial neglect, global processing deficit and prosopagnosia after right hemisphere stroke in September 2004.展开更多
Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating th...Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating the ability of individuals with ASD to process faces is thought to be important for understanding the nature of ASD. However, although a considerable body of evidence suggests that ASD individuals show specific impairments in face processing, a significant number of studies argue otherwise. Through a literature review, we found that this controversy is largely attributable to the different face tests used across different studies. Therefore, a more reliable and valid face test is needed. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis on data gleaned from a variety of face tests conducted on individuals with developmental prosopagnosia(DP) who suffer a selective deficit in face processing. Based on this meta-analysis, we selected an old/new face recognition test that relies on face memory as a standard diagnostic test for measuring specific face processing deficits. This test not only reliably reflects DP individuals' subjective experiences with faces in their daily lives, but also effectively differentiates deficits in face processing from deficits caused by other general problems. In addition, DP individuals' performance in this test predicts their performance in a variety of face tests that examine specific components of face processing(e.g., holistic processing of faces). Finally, this test can be easily administrated and is not overly sensitive to prior knowledge. In summary, this test can be used to evaluate face-processing ability, and it helped to resolve the controversy whether individuals with ASD exhibit face-processing deficits.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study episodic and semantic memory for faces and other non-verbal information in semantic dementia (SD). Background: Semantic memory impaired in the rare diagnosis of SD by definition, including knowledge about well- known persons and their appearance. Episodic memory is held to be better preserved. Methods: Two computerized face recognition tests were administered, one measuring episodic memory (Male Faces) and one semantic memory (Political Faces) in addition to a comprehensive test battery. A computerised test of non-verbal semantic memory for national symbols (Euro Flags) was also administered druring the retention interval of the Male Faces test. Results: The SD participants were severely impaired in the episodic face recognition test. In contrast, their performance was in the normal range in Euro Flags and Political Faces, based on knowledge of national political figures. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of preserved dynamic memory and severely impaired memory for static facial information in semantic dementia. Research proposals regarding further studies of this paradoxical prosopagnosia in semantic dementia are presented in order to clarify issues regarding static versus dynamic aspects of face memory.
基金Supported by Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Joint Major Project,No.2019Y9027Fujian Major Projects on Science and Technology for Social Development,No.2016YZ0001.
文摘BACKGROUND Acquired prosopagnosia is a rare condition characterized by the loss of familiarity with previously known faces and the inability to recognize new ones.It usually occurs after the onset of brain lesions such as in a stroke.The initial identification of prosopagnosia generally relies on a patient’s self-report,which can be challenging if it lacks an associated chief complaint.There were few cases of prosopagnosia presenting purely as eye symptoms in the previous literature confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).CASE SUMMARY We present a case of delayed diagnosis of prosopagnosia after a right hemisphere stroke in an elderly man whose chief complaint was persistent and progressive"blurred vision"without facial recognition impairment.Ophthalmic tests revealed a homonymous left upper quadrantanopia,with normal visual acuity.He was found by accident to barely recognize familiar faces.The patient showed severe deficit in face recognition and perception tests,and mild memory loss in neuropsychological assessments.Further functional MRI revealed the visual recognition deficits were face-specific.After behavioral intervention,the patient started to rely on other cues to compensate for poor facial recognition.His prosopagnosia showed no obvious improvement eight months after the stroke,which had negative impact on his social network.CONCLUSION Our case demonstrates that the presentation of prosopagnosia can be atypical,and visual difficulties might be a clinical manifestation solely of prosopagnosia,which emphasizes the importance of routinely considering face recognition impairment among elderly patients with brain lesions.
文摘Although unilateral spatial neglect, global processing deficit, or prosopagnosia followingbrain damage has been usually reported separately, to our knowledge, a report on a patient with the three mentioned syndromes has not been reported. We now present a case that developed unilateral spatial neglect, global processing deficit and prosopagnosia after right hemisphere stroke in September 2004.
基金supported by the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB833903 and 2011CB505402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91132703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2009SD-3)
文摘Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating the ability of individuals with ASD to process faces is thought to be important for understanding the nature of ASD. However, although a considerable body of evidence suggests that ASD individuals show specific impairments in face processing, a significant number of studies argue otherwise. Through a literature review, we found that this controversy is largely attributable to the different face tests used across different studies. Therefore, a more reliable and valid face test is needed. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis on data gleaned from a variety of face tests conducted on individuals with developmental prosopagnosia(DP) who suffer a selective deficit in face processing. Based on this meta-analysis, we selected an old/new face recognition test that relies on face memory as a standard diagnostic test for measuring specific face processing deficits. This test not only reliably reflects DP individuals' subjective experiences with faces in their daily lives, but also effectively differentiates deficits in face processing from deficits caused by other general problems. In addition, DP individuals' performance in this test predicts their performance in a variety of face tests that examine specific components of face processing(e.g., holistic processing of faces). Finally, this test can be easily administrated and is not overly sensitive to prior knowledge. In summary, this test can be used to evaluate face-processing ability, and it helped to resolve the controversy whether individuals with ASD exhibit face-processing deficits.
