Prospects in the application of ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.

Microneedles for Enhanced Topical Treatment of Skin Disorders:Applications,Challenges,and Prospects

Microneedles(MNs)can be used for the topical treatment of skin disorders as they directly deliver therapeutics to the site of skin lesions,resulting in increased therapeutic efficacy while having minimum side effects.MNs are used to deliver different kinds of therapeutics(e.g.,small molecules,macromolecules,nanomedicines,living cells,bacteria,and exosomes)for treating various skin disorders,including superficial tumors,wounds,skin infections,inflammatory skin diseases,and abnormal skin appearance.The therapeutic efficacy of MNs can be improved by integrating the advantages of multiple therapeutics to perform combination therapy.Through careful designing,MNs can be further modified with biomimetic structures for the responsive drug release from internal and external stimuli and to enhance the transdermal delivery efficiency for robust therapeutic outcomes.Some studies have proposed the use of drug-free MNs as a promising mechanotherapeutic strategy to promote wound healing,scar removal,and hair regeneration via a mechanical communication pathway.Although MNs have several advantages,the practical application of MNs suffers from problems related to industrial manufacture and clinical evaluation,making it difficult for clinical translation.In this study,we summarized the various applications,emerging challenges,and developmental prospects of MNs in skin disorders to provide information on ways to advance clinical translation.

Phosphatidylserine:An overview on functionality,processing techniques,patents,and prospects

Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited due to its poverty in most foods.To overcome the issue,numerous studies based on PS have been reported to develop PS-related supplements.In this review,PS was comprehensively and critically reviewed from the view of resources,functions,processing techniques,patents,and prospects.For resources,animal,plant,and microorganism origins were all covered with their differences in composition profiles.For functions,benefits regarding memory,cognitive enhancement,exercise performance,reducing Alzheimer’s disease,and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were covered as well as the functional differences among animal-,plant-,and microorganism-based PS-related supplements.For processing techniques,traditional extracting methods from animal,plant,and microorganism tissues were comparatively discussed with enzymatic synthesis based on different reaction systems.Finally,patents of PS-related supplements were evaluated as well as their applications.This review could provide scientific and valuable support for PS industry.

A review of complementary and alternative medicine used in cancer care:challenges and prospects

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally,and most patients with cancers frequently seek for complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)to ameliorate their condition.Some of the available CAM care include:acupuncture,aromatherapy,Ayurvedic medicinal drug,cannabis,chelation remedy,homeopathy,hypnotherapy,massage therapy,naturopathic medication,and conventional Chinese remedy amongst others.Despite the growing use of CAM,the evidence-base for its efficacy and safety is limited.Major challenges confronting the efficient deployment of CAM is lack of standardization and regulation;as well as the demand for more extensive studies to validate their safety and efficacy.Integrative oncology which is the combination of CAM and conventional cancer care is likewise complicated through the potential adverse interactions between CAM options and most cancers drugs.The article serves as a guide for healthcare providers and patients to determine how CAM can be safely integrated into the cancer care paradigm.Taking into account safety concerns,however,more studies need to be conducted to properly evaluate its efficacy.Ultimately,CAM can help cancer patients in achieving greater health and well-being.

Research Progress and Prospects for the Evolution Process and Treatment Technology of Urban Black and Smelly Water

Water is an important material resource for human survival,and with the increasing development of society,the amount of urban industrial wastewater and domestic sewage is gradually increasing.However,wastewater collection and treatment facilities lag behind,so that a large number of wastewater enters urban water,making urban water become gradually black and smelly.In order to provide a good living environment for human beings,a large number of scholars actively explore the treatment technology of black and smelly water.In this paper,the evolution process of black and smelly water was introduced firstly,and then the treatment technology of black and smelly water was summarized.Finally,the prospects for the development of the treatment technology were put forward.

Mechanism, current status, and prospects of MSC and its extracellular vesicles in the treatment of IBD

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is multifaceted,involving genetic susceptibility,immune dysregulation,alterations in the gut microbiota,and environmental factors.Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier,leading to chronic nonspecific inflammation,local structural changes,and gastrointestinal dysfunction.Historically,due to a lack of effective treatments,recurrent inflammation and microcirculatory disturbances could result in complications such as intestinal fistulas,strictures,obstructions,perforations,gastrointestinal bleeding,sepsis,etc.,thereby increasing the risk of intestinal cell carcinoma and mortality.While the overall incidence of IBD remains at 0.5%in North America and Europe,its annual incidence is increasing in Asia,Africa,and South America,resulting in a growing number of patients and warning significant attention.Recent research has highlighted mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy as an innovative treatment option for IBD due to its capacity to modulate inflammatory immune responses and promote tissue regeneration.A current preclinical study has shown a promising result,with systemic administration of MSCs in patients with reduced intestinal inflammation and no intestinal inflammation.In addition,in a new study,the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-EXOs)was successful,a type derived from mesenchymal stem cells,was successful,especially in patients with refractory anal fistula.Consequently,MSC therapy has become a preferred approach in IBD treatment,showcasing the potential application prospects for stem cell-based therapy in IBD.However,clinical research in this field still needs to refine strategies and further explore to lay a solid foundation.

Advantages and Development Prospects of Building Information Modelling(BIM)Technology Application in Highway Engineering

Based on the advantages of the application of Building Information Modelling(BIM)technology in highway engineering,this paper analyzes the difficulties of its in-depth application,grasps the pain points of the application of BIM technology in practice,and approaches from the integration of BIM design-construction.This paper also puts forward the integration of cross-stage information based on the BIM+Geographic Information System(GIS)construction information management system to realize the BIM whole life cycle management,and provides directional support for the continuous and efficient application of BIM technology in engineering practice.

Upper Paleozoic Marine Shale Characteristics and Exploration Prospects in the Northwestern Guizhong Depression,South China

Multiple sets of organic-rich shales developed in the Upper Paleozoic of the northwestern Guizhong Depression in South China. However, the exploration of these shales is presently at a relatively immature stage. The Upper Paleozoic shales in the northwestern Guizhong Depression, including the Middle Devonian Luofu shale, the Nabiao shale, and the Lower Carboniferous Yanguan shale, were investigated in this study. Mineral composition analysis, organic matter analysis(including total organic carbon(TOC) content, maceral of kerogen and the vitrinite reflection(Ro)), pore characteristic analysis(including porosity and permeability, pore type identification by SEM, and pore size distribution by nitrogen sorption), methane isothermal sorption test were conducted, and the distribution and thickness of the shales were determined, Then the characteristics of the two target shales were illustrated and compared. The results show that the Upper Paleozoic shales have favorable organic matter conditions(mainly moderate to high TOC content, type Ⅰ and Ⅱ_1 kerogen and high to over maturity), good fracability potential(brittleness index(BI) > 40%), multiple pore types, stable distribution and effective thickness, and good methane sorption capacity. Therefore, the Upper Paleozoic shales in the northern Guizhong Depression have good shale gas potential and exploration prospects. Moreover, the average TOC content, average BI, thickness of the organic-rich shale(TOC > 2.0 wt%) and the shale gas resources of the Middle Devonian shales are better than those of the Lower Carboniferous shale. The Middle Devonian shales have better shale gas potential and exploration prospects than the Lower Carboniferous shales.

Research advances of Galliformes since 1990 and future prospects

Background: Galliformes are widely distributed throughout the world and economically important to humans as domesticated animals or gamebirds. They are at a unique position for advancing knowledge and techniques of wildlife conservation as the barometer of the status of applied ecology. Populations of many galliform species have declined mainly due to habitat loss and over-hunting. An assessment of knowledge of Galliformes could help to provide guidelines for future research and conservation strategies.Methods: Using the Web of Science search engine, we conducted a literature review of galliform-related articles published from 1990 to 2016. We used the "research area" option to filter articles focused on the zoology, environmental sciences ecology, biodiversity conservation, forestry, behavioral sciences, reproductive biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, cell biology, genetics and heredity, evolutionary biology, physiology and developmental biology. We then checked duplication based on the title, abstract and full text. In addition, we examined the reference lists of selected studies to include the publications that were missed by above searching.Results: We retained 1874 articles related to the Galliformes from the initial 243,128 publications that were found. About 91.4% focused on one or two species, and 85.0% were conducted within a short duration, typically 1–2 years. The majority of the articles concentrated on macroscopic ecology(55.5%), mainly focusing on habitat selection or habitat use. With recent advances of molecular biology, the studies of taxonomy and phylogenetics rose quickly in last two decades. The study of physiology and biochemistry was no longer limited to simple description but expanded to the mechanisms of phenotype and micro-evolutionary potential. An additional area receiving increasing attention is the conservation of Galliformes, with the assessment of the conservation status and conservation management effectiveness of Galliformes(e.g. species diversity and genetic diversity) becoming the focus.Conclusions: The studies on Galliformes have made great achievements since 1990, but there are still gaps, particularly in macroscopic ecology, molecular genetics, and conservation. There is an urgent need to enhance long-term monitoring and analysis of population dynamics, and applying different disciplines to galliform conservation. Moreover, life history information of many galliform species is still lacking, which has hindered conservation efforts and effectiveness. In addition, multidiscipline studies and new technologies are not common for galliform studies, and should be encouraged.

Breeding and Application Prospects of a New Quinoa Variety Longli 1

Longli 1 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was the first new quinoa variety in China,which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding,cultivation and domestication.In multipoint regional test,the average yield of Longli 1 was2 100.00 kg/hm^2,which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle quinoa.Longli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety.The plant was broom-shape,with the plant height of 181.2- 223.6 cm,the growth period of 128- 140 d,and the branch number of 23-27. The seeds were round pill shaped,with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40- 3.46g.The contents of crude protein,fat,proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5- 187.8,56.5- 59.3,5.5- 6.9 and 4.5- 6.8g/kg,respectively.Longli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot,with strong disease-resistant ability.In multipoint regional test and production test,Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability.It also presented resistance to cold,drought,saline and alkaline,and barren,with wide adaptability.Longli 1 was suitable for planting in mountains,plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d,rainfall more than 250 mm,and altitude 1 500- 3 000 m.The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.

Discovery of Palaeozoic Karsts in the Qaidam Basin and Their Oil and Gas Prospects

Objective Complex geological factors have been constraining the oil and gas exploration in the Paleozoic strata of the Qaidam Basin,although there are high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.One of the most important reasons may be reservoir densification due to the multiple stages of destructive cementation,which has hindered our understanding of the Paleozoic petroleum enrichment rules in the Qaidam basin.In recent years,the

Galectin-3 prospects as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation: OLGs are the cells in charge of myelination in the central nervous system (CNS), allowing rapid conduction of the neural action potential and giving trophic support to axons. OLGs undergo a series of changes throughout their life cycle: first, upon neural stem cell comm让ment to the OLG lineage, cells referred to as OLG precursor cells (OPC) present a bipolar morphology, have proliferative and migratory capacity and express molecular markers like platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and neural/glial antigen 2.

Current Development and Prospects of Selenium-enriched Moringa oleifera Industry in Guangxi

Due to its unique economic value,Moringa oleifera Lam. has become a tree species with great development potential. This paper firstly introduced the value of development and utilization of M. oleifera in nutrition,medicinal,industrial,greening,etc. Then,focusing on the current development status of M. oleifera industry in Guangxi and combining Guangxi's resource conditions,it came up with recommendations for the comprehensive development and rational utilization of M. oleifera. Besides,it made a prediction of the prospect of Se-enriched M.oleifera industry in Guangxi.

History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed,and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the19 th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970 s to 1,500,000 ha and2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha^(-1),much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poorperforming varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.

Prospects of borehole NMR instruments and applications Dedicated to Professor Chaohui Ye on the occasion of his 80th birthday

Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is a powerful technology to characterize the petrophysical properties of underground reservoirs in the petroleum industry.The rising complexity of oil and gas exploration and development objectives,as well as the novel application contexts of underground reservoirs,have led to increasingly demanding requirements on borehole NMR technology including instrument design and related processing methods.This mini review summarizes the advances and applications of borehole NMR instruments along with some future possibilities.It may be helpful for researchers and engineers in the petroleum industry to understand the development status and future trends of borehole NMR technology.

Review and Prospects of Sino－Japanese Relations －In Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of the Normalization of Sino－Japanese Diplomatic Relations

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CHINA'S VEGETATION/ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE TO GLOBAL CHANGE: RESEARCH PROGRESS & PROSPECTS

This paper presents the latest developments in the re search progress on mechanisms by which natural plants and crops respond to the doubled concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, resultant climatic change and the modeling of vegetation and eco-systems in China. In addition, it points out that the future study on global change and terrestrial ecosystems should stress m(?)iti-disciplinary teamwork and inter-discipline penetration. Finally, the paper emphasizes 10 research realms in the field to be enhanced in the future.

Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China

1 Introduction Salt lakes in China distributes in the east part of the salt lake belt of Northern Hemisphere,and they originated under complex morphological and geological background.The QT Plateau and its northern areas belong to active tectonic zone and stable tectonic zone respectively.With elevation varies from more than 5000 m to the lowest of-

Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments in China: Recent Advances and Prospects

Until 1980s,mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments(MSCSs)had been thought as odd exception and not important.However,MSCSs are quite common in the modern and the ancient times and can be important