Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chem...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.展开更多
AIM to determine whether cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and prostaglandin E1 receptor(EP1) contribute to disease and whether they help predict prognosis.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 116 patients with he...AIM to determine whether cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and prostaglandin E1 receptor(EP1) contribute to disease and whether they help predict prognosis.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 116 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2011 at our hospital. Expression of COX-2 and EP1 receptor was examined by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues using polyclonal antibodies. Possible associations between immunohistochemical scores and survival were determined.RESULTS Factors associated with poor overall survival(OS) were alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/m L, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and high EP1 receptor expression, but not high COX-2 expression. Disease-free survival was not significantly different between patients with low or high levels of COX-2 or EP1. COX-2 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in well-differentiated HCC tissues(Edmondson grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) than in poorly differentiated tissues(Edmondson grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ)(P = 0.003). EP1 receptor immunoreactivity was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tissue than in well-differentiated tissue(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION COX-2 expression appears to be linked to early HCC events(initiation), while EP1 receptor expression may participate in tumor progression and predict survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin(Oxa)is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer(CRC),and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure.Prostaglandin F_(2α)synthase(PGF 2α)(PGFS),an enzyme that catalyzes the p...BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin(Oxa)is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer(CRC),and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure.Prostaglandin F_(2α)synthase(PGF 2α)(PGFS),an enzyme that catalyzes the production of PGF_(2α),is involved in the proliferation and growth of a variety of tumors.However,the role of PGFS in Oxa resistance in CRC remains unclear.AIM To explore the role and related mechanisms of PGFS in mediating Oxa resistance in CRC.METHODS The PGFS expression level was examined in 37 pairs of CRC tissues and paracancerous tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels.Overexpression or knockdown of PGFS was performed in CRC cell lines with acquired Oxa resistance(HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR)and their parental cell lines(HCT116 and HCT8)to assess its influence on cell proliferation,chemoresistance,apoptosis,and DNA damage.For determination of the underlying mechanisms,CRC cells were examined for platinum-DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the presence of a PGFS inhibitor or its products.RESULTS Both the protein and mRNA levels of PGFS were increased in the 37 examined CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues.Oxa induced PGFS expression in the parental HCT116 and HCT8 cells in a dosedependent manner.Furthermore,overexpression of PGFS in parental CRC cells significantly attenuated Oxainduced proliferative suppression,apoptosis,and DNA damage.In contrast,knockdown of PGFS in Oxa-resistant HCT116 and HCT8 cells(HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR)accentuated the effect of Oxa treatment in vitro and in vivo.The addition of the PGFS inhibitor indomethacin enhanced the cytotoxicity caused by Oxa.Treatment with the PGFS-catalyzed product PGF_(2α)reversed the effect of PGFS knockdown on Oxa sensitivity.Interestingly,PGFS inhibited the formation of platinum-DNA adducts in a PGF_(2α)-independent manner.PGF_(2α)exerts its protective effect against DNA damage by reducing ROS levels.CONCLUSION PGFS promotes resistance to Oxa in CRC via both PGF_(2α)-dependent and PGF_(2α)-independent mechanisms.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can directly regulate toxic injury of hippocampal neurons through participation by its receptor. Increase of excitability of hippocampal membrane and long-term synaptic elasticity a...BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can directly regulate toxic injury of hippocampal neurons through participation by its receptor. Increase of excitability of hippocampal membrane and long-term synaptic elasticity are closely related to PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2A. This suggests that PGE2 may be a key molecule of neuronal signal passage and regulate the existence of neurons through its receptor. However, which isoforms of PGE2 receptor expressing in hippocampal neurons is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To research the subtype expression of PGE2 receptor in hippocampus of rats through mRNA transcription and protein interpretation. DESIGN: Animal studies with random, control and operator and designer double-blind methods. SETTING: University of South Carolina, Animal Center. MATERIALS: Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks, weighing 200 g, females 48 and males 48, were selected from Animal Center in South Carolina University. Tri ReagentTM kit was provided by Molecular Research Center, USA. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Animal Center in South Carolina University from January to December 2005. The expression of the PGE2 receptors was profiled and compared in rat hippocampus using real-time RT-PCR and Western-blot techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of PGE2 receptors in various isoforms of hippocampal neurons of rats. RESULTS: mRNAs of all four EP1-4 subtypes were detected in the hippocampus. Western-blot data showed consistently detectable bands at approximately Mr 50 000 of EP1, Mr 40 000 and Mr 52 000 of EP2, Mr 45 000, Mr 57 000 and Mr 105 000 of EP3, and Mr 46 000 of EP4. CONCLUSION: Identifying four subtypes of EPs heterogeneously expresses in the hippocampus.展开更多
基金National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Joint Research Programs(NYCU-FEMH 109DN03,110DN06,111DN04,112DN05).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81260331Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment,Ministry of Education,No.GKE2015-ZZ05
文摘AIM to determine whether cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and prostaglandin E1 receptor(EP1) contribute to disease and whether they help predict prognosis.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 116 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2011 at our hospital. Expression of COX-2 and EP1 receptor was examined by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues using polyclonal antibodies. Possible associations between immunohistochemical scores and survival were determined.RESULTS Factors associated with poor overall survival(OS) were alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/m L, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and high EP1 receptor expression, but not high COX-2 expression. Disease-free survival was not significantly different between patients with low or high levels of COX-2 or EP1. COX-2 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in well-differentiated HCC tissues(Edmondson grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) than in poorly differentiated tissues(Edmondson grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ)(P = 0.003). EP1 receptor immunoreactivity was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tissue than in well-differentiated tissue(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION COX-2 expression appears to be linked to early HCC events(initiation), while EP1 receptor expression may participate in tumor progression and predict survival.
基金the S and T Program of Hebei,No.22377704DMedical Science Research Project of Hebei Province,No.20190510Postgraduate’s Innovation Fund Project of Hebei Province,No.CXZZBS2021077.
文摘BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin(Oxa)is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer(CRC),and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure.Prostaglandin F_(2α)synthase(PGF 2α)(PGFS),an enzyme that catalyzes the production of PGF_(2α),is involved in the proliferation and growth of a variety of tumors.However,the role of PGFS in Oxa resistance in CRC remains unclear.AIM To explore the role and related mechanisms of PGFS in mediating Oxa resistance in CRC.METHODS The PGFS expression level was examined in 37 pairs of CRC tissues and paracancerous tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels.Overexpression or knockdown of PGFS was performed in CRC cell lines with acquired Oxa resistance(HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR)and their parental cell lines(HCT116 and HCT8)to assess its influence on cell proliferation,chemoresistance,apoptosis,and DNA damage.For determination of the underlying mechanisms,CRC cells were examined for platinum-DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the presence of a PGFS inhibitor or its products.RESULTS Both the protein and mRNA levels of PGFS were increased in the 37 examined CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues.Oxa induced PGFS expression in the parental HCT116 and HCT8 cells in a dosedependent manner.Furthermore,overexpression of PGFS in parental CRC cells significantly attenuated Oxainduced proliferative suppression,apoptosis,and DNA damage.In contrast,knockdown of PGFS in Oxa-resistant HCT116 and HCT8 cells(HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR)accentuated the effect of Oxa treatment in vitro and in vivo.The addition of the PGFS inhibitor indomethacin enhanced the cytotoxicity caused by Oxa.Treatment with the PGFS-catalyzed product PGF_(2α)reversed the effect of PGFS knockdown on Oxa sensitivity.Interestingly,PGFS inhibited the formation of platinum-DNA adducts in a PGF_(2α)-independent manner.PGF_(2α)exerts its protective effect against DNA damage by reducing ROS levels.CONCLUSION PGFS promotes resistance to Oxa in CRC via both PGF_(2α)-dependent and PGF_(2α)-independent mechanisms.
文摘BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can directly regulate toxic injury of hippocampal neurons through participation by its receptor. Increase of excitability of hippocampal membrane and long-term synaptic elasticity are closely related to PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2A. This suggests that PGE2 may be a key molecule of neuronal signal passage and regulate the existence of neurons through its receptor. However, which isoforms of PGE2 receptor expressing in hippocampal neurons is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To research the subtype expression of PGE2 receptor in hippocampus of rats through mRNA transcription and protein interpretation. DESIGN: Animal studies with random, control and operator and designer double-blind methods. SETTING: University of South Carolina, Animal Center. MATERIALS: Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks, weighing 200 g, females 48 and males 48, were selected from Animal Center in South Carolina University. Tri ReagentTM kit was provided by Molecular Research Center, USA. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Animal Center in South Carolina University from January to December 2005. The expression of the PGE2 receptors was profiled and compared in rat hippocampus using real-time RT-PCR and Western-blot techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of PGE2 receptors in various isoforms of hippocampal neurons of rats. RESULTS: mRNAs of all four EP1-4 subtypes were detected in the hippocampus. Western-blot data showed consistently detectable bands at approximately Mr 50 000 of EP1, Mr 40 000 and Mr 52 000 of EP2, Mr 45 000, Mr 57 000 and Mr 105 000 of EP3, and Mr 46 000 of EP4. CONCLUSION: Identifying four subtypes of EPs heterogeneously expresses in the hippocampus.
