Transfer film effects induced by 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone with excellent tribological properties for joint prosthesis

Based on the building principle of additive manufacturing,printing orientation mainly determines the tribological properties of joint prostheses.In this study,we created a polyether-ether-ketone(PEEK)joint prosthesis using fused filament fabrication and investigated the effects of printing orientation on its tribological properties using a pin-on-plate tribometer in 25% newborn calf serum.An ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene transfer film is formed on the surface of PEEK due to the mechanical capture of wear debris by the 3D-printed groove morphology,which is significantly impacted by the printing orientation of PEEK.When the printing orientation was parallel to the sliding direction of friction,the number and size of the transfer film increased due to higher steady stress.This transfer film protected the matrix and reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate of friction pairs by 39.13%and 74.33%,respectively.Furthermore,our findings provide a novel perspective regarding the role of printing orientation in designing knee prostheses,facilitating its practical applications.

Indication and surgical approach for reconstruction with endoprosthesis in bone-associated soft tissue sarcomas:Appropriate case management is vital

It is important for surgeons performing sarcoma surgery to know that bone resection and tumor prosthesis applications in soft tissue sarcomas(STS)have unique features in terms of indication,surgical approach and follow-up,in terms of the management of these cases.Some STS are associated with bone and major neurovascular structures.Bone-associated STS are generally relatively large and relatively deep-seated.Additionally,the tendency for metastasis is high.In some cases,the decision about which structures to resect is difficult.These cases are often accompanied by poor oncological and surgical outcomes.Management of cases should be done by a multidisciplinary team in advanced centers specialized in this field.The surgical team must have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of limb-sparing surgery.Preoperative evaluation and especially good planning of bone and soft tissue reconstruction are vital.

A new passive transfemoral prosthesis mechanism based on 3R36 knee and ESAR foot providing walking and squatting

Researchers have proposed various linkage mechanisms to connect knee and ankle joints for above-knee prosthe-ses,but most of them only offer natural walking.However,studies have shown that people assume a squatting posture during daily activities.This paper introduces a novel mechanism that connects the knee joint with the foot-ankle joint to enable both squatting and walking.The prosthetic knee used is the well-known 3R36,while the energy storing and return(ESAR)prosthetic foot is used for the ankle-foot joint.To coordinate knee and ankle joint movements,a six-bar linkage mechanism structure is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed modular transfemoral prosthesis accurately mimics the motion patterns of a natural human leg during walking and squatting.For instance,the prosthesis allows a total knee flexion of more than 140°during squatting.The new prosthesis design also incorporates energy-storing mechanisms to reduce energy expenditure during walking for amputees.

Electrophysiological evaluation of alterations in penile sensation due to penile prosthesis implantation in patients with erectile dysfunction

Objective The present study was aimed to determine the effect of penile prosthesis implantation(PPI)surgery on penile sensation by evaluating the penile electromyography(EMG)variables.Methods The research was designed as a prospective study.Thirty patients who were diagnosed with organic erectile dysfunction and had underwent PPI surgery between January 2017 and January 2018 in the Urology Clinic of Antalya Training and Research Hospital were included in this study.Penile sensory EMG was performed on each patient 1 day prior to the surgery by the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation clinic.Additionally,the control EMG study was also performed in the 3rd and 6th postoperative months.Results We included 27 patients in this study who attended regular follow-ups and had complete EMG results.Out of the 27 patients,23(85.2%)patients had received malleable(ProMedon)penile prosthesis,one(3.7%)patient had received a two-piece inflatable(Ambicor)penile prosthesis,and three(11.1%)patients had received a three-piece inflatable(AMS 700 CXR)penile prosthesis.The mean nerve conduction value(NCV)of the patients was 29.85(standard derivation:22.54;range:0-78.4)m/s during the preoperative period,whereas it was 27.64(standard derivation:24.72;range:0-83.3)m/s in the 3rd postoperative month and 24.80(standard derivation:22.31;range:0-88.4)m/s in the 6th postoperative month.There was no significant difference between preoperative NCV and 3rd postoperative month NCV(p=0.607).Similarly,no significant difference was observed between preoperative NCV and 6th postoperative month NCV(p=0.276).Additionally,the change between NCV values at postoperative 3rd and 6th months was not statistically significant(p=0.553).Conclusion Significant loss of penile sensation does not occur in patients who undergo PPI surgery.

Gait Analysis of a Subject with Tarsometatarsal Prosthesis

Introduction: Gait analysis of an adult man after trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation is described. Objective: Instrumental gait analysis of a subject 15 years after trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation in two footwear conditions: while walking barefoot and with prosthesis. Materials and Methods: In a movement analysis laboratory, locomotion studies were carried out at freely chosen walking speed by a 65-year-old subject, obtaining kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyographic data in time and space. Gait analysis was performed using instrumental technologies from a digital eco-system applying walking protocols. Results: When the patient wore the prosthesis, several positive improvements were observed in various aspects of gait. These included enhancements in the base of support, gait speed, and joint range of movements. Additionally, there was a slight improvement in the vertical ground reaction forces pattern, indicating a positive effect of the assistive technology. Furthermore, the use of the prosthesis led to a more organized pattern of muscle activity, which further supports its beneficial impact. However, it is worth noting that some challenges still persisted, particularly regarding stabilizing the body during the double support phase. Despite this difficulty, the overall findings suggest that the use of the prosthesis offers valuable improvements to the patient’s gait dynamics. Conclusions: After conducting a thorough analysis of the parameters related to the gait of a subject who underwent a trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation fifteen years ago, it was found that the use of prosthesis had a positive impact. This study demonstrated important improvements in some kinematic and kinetic parameters, including muscle activation patterns, indicating an increase in comfort and confidence while utilizing the prosthetic device.

Current situation and development of facial prosthesis

Facial prostheses have developed significantly in the last 10 years,especially between 2016 and 2021.This development is mainly due to the great progress made in the fields of biocompatible materials,digital technology,and three-dimensional printing technology,which provides guarantee for low allergy,high biosimulation,comfort,and satisfactory usability.Treatment teams typically consist of plastic surgeons,material experts,engineers,and computer scientists who have extensive clinical experience.These teams successfully implement an integrated,multidisciplinary model by prioritizing the reasonable expectations of both the physician and patient,leading to improved patient satisfaction and compliance with prosthetic constraints.This study aimed to review the concept,development status,existing problems,and future of facial prosthesis.

全腕关节置换术后腕关节生物力学研究进展

1人工腕关节发展概述第1代人工腕关节Swanson是由德国医生Gluck采用象牙和硅胶制作成的铰链式假体,其设计不符合腕关节生物力学机制,且硅胶容易老化、破损[1~4]。继而出现第2代假体,包括Volz假体和Meuli假体,为非铰链式[5,6],假体远、近端柄状物以髓内插销的方式嵌插于掌骨与桡骨髓腔中,近端假体与桡骨形成关节窝,远端假体的弧面与近端关节窝形成关节,可进行屈伸与轻微尺桡偏活动[7]。

口腔修复用金属材料与细菌黏附作用的研究现状

口腔环境温暖潮湿,是一个复杂的电解质环境,该环境不仅适合各类微生物的生长繁殖,而且有利于促进微生物对口腔金属材料黏附,进而导致金属腐蚀现象的发生。口腔金属材料受到微生物释放的酸、碱物质的腐蚀,力学性能会显著下降,从而影响其使用寿命。此外,金属材料被腐蚀后可释放金属离子对口腔黏膜造成损害,引发牙周病及义齿性口炎等,影响身体健康。近年来,人们通过改变金属材料的表面粗糙度及在金属表面添加抗菌涂层的方式来减少细菌的附着,并取得了一定的成效。本文将对口腔常用的金属材料及细菌黏附作用的研究进行总结,阐述口腔修复用金属材料与细菌黏附作用的研究现状。

骨水泥与生物型假体半髋关节置换在治疗老年骨质疏松相关股骨颈骨折术后早期步态对比分析

目的运用步态分析技术比较骨水泥与生物型半髋假体在治疗老年骨质疏松相关股骨颈骨折术后早期不同时间段的步态变化,探讨两种假体植入术后早期的康复效果。方法通过分析2021年1月至2022年1月于河北省沧州中西医结合医院髋部创伤科半髋关节置换的患者资料,共60例;后外侧入路骨水泥假体半髋关节置换手术(30例),后外侧入路生物型假体半髋关节置换手术(30例)。采用步态分析技术比较每组患者术后1、3、6个月的行走时步长、步速、步频、行走时髋关节活动度的改善情况及两组患者之间的差异,以及两组患者术后1、3、6个月改良髋关节(MHHS)评分变化。结果两组患者的步长、步速、步频、髋关节外展活动度在术后3、6个月检测结果较术后1个月改善明显(P<0.05)。术后1、3个月时,骨水泥假体组患者的行走时步长、步频、步速、髋关节外展活动度检测结果优于生物型假体组(P<0.05);术后6个月时,两组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。骨水泥型假体组与生物型假体组术后1、3、6个月的改良Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但两组的术后3、6个月的MHHS评分均比术后1个月的评分要明显提升(P<0.05)。结论两种假体都可使骨质疏松老年股骨颈骨折获得明显的步态改善,但骨水泥型假体治疗老年骨质疏松相关股骨颈骨折可以早期促进患者髋关节功能的恢复和锻炼。

阴茎假体治疗男性勃起功能障碍的研究进展

阴茎假体植入术是难治性勃起功能障碍最有效的手术治疗方法之一。经过几十年的发展,阴茎假体的机械可靠性、患者满意度、安全性和功能性勃起修复都有了很大的提高。本文就近几十年来阴茎假体的发展情况与假体术后感染的管理作一综述。

耳内镜下微钻和三棱针镫骨底板开窗人工镫骨植入术治疗耳硬化疗效比较

目的比较耳内镜下使用微钻和三棱针二种工具行镫骨底板开窗人工镫骨植入术治疗耳硬化的听力效果、并发症。方法2018年3月—2023年2月本院收治的接受耳内镜下镫骨手术的耳硬化患者38例(48耳),48耳均在耳内镜下行镫骨底板开窗人工镫骨植入术,术中分别采用微钻(微钻组,26耳)和三棱针(三棱针组,22耳)进行镫骨底板开窗,植入纯钛质人工镫骨假体Piston。比较2组患者的术后听力效果,以及眩晕、面瘫、感音神经性耳聋、术中镫骨意外等并发症情况。结果48耳术后气导(AC)、骨导(BC)、气骨导差(ABG)均较术前改善,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。其中微钻组AC改善(23.5±12.6)dB HL,BC改善(3.4±6.6)dB,ABG缩小(20.1±5.6)dB HL;三棱针组AC改善(21.4±11.8)dB HL,BC改善(3.3±6.8)dB HL,ABG缩小(18.1±4.3)dB HL,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2组均未发生面瘫和感音神经性耳聋,2组在术后眩晕和术中镫骨意外方面,差异也没有统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论耳内镜下人工镫骨植入术中使用微钻和三棱针行镫骨底板开窗疗效相似,二者都需要依赖精细的手术技巧和经验,微钻比三棱针更方便、更安全。

个性化髋关节假体设计及其生物力学性能研究

通用型髋关节假体和个人股骨匹配度不足,易导致应力遮挡率过大。为制备与个人股骨相匹配的髋关节假体,基于人体下肢电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)数据,通过逆向工程技术建立股骨实体模型,利用提取的关键特征参数逆向建模,建立个性化髋关节假体模型,采用步态试验确定股骨受力情况,进行有限元分析和电测实验研究其生物力学性能。结果显示,在站立中期的步态载荷下个性化髋关节假体的应力遮挡率在7.64%~38.71%之间,通用型髋关节假体应力遮挡率在16.66%~49.32%之间。个性化髋关节假体可以减小应力遮挡率,可为髋关节假体研究人员提供参考。

深圳地区119例乳腺癌患者术后佩戴义乳现状调查及影响佩戴质量的因素分析

目的:调查深圳地区乳腺癌术后患者的义乳佩戴情况,探讨影响义乳佩戴质量相关因素,为制定有效的护理决策提供依据。方法:通过“汝康云”乳腺癌康复俱乐部平台,采取网络微信调查问卷的形式,对2012年5月至2020年5月期间119例乳腺癌改良根治术后患者佩戴义乳相关认知内容进行调查,并分析调查的结果。结果:79.83%乳腺癌患者知道义乳的存在,52.10%患者有获取义乳佩戴的途径。80.00%的患者认为义乳可以改善形体缺失,达到美观作用;61.05%的患者认为可维持身体平衡;47.37%的患者认为还可保护胸部。半数以上(52.10%)的患者有佩戴义乳的需求,能够接受的义乳价位主要集中在>200~≤500元之间。结论:义乳佩戴的宣传力度不够、患者对义乳作用认识不全、患者对义乳佩戴需求差异可能是影响义乳佩戴的关键因素。

骨小梁髋假体柄植入的应力分析

目的:分析髋关节置换中实心钛合金假体与骨小梁假体柄植入的应力。方法:基于Mimics软件逆向建立股骨模型,并使用Geomagic软件对股骨模型进行优化,再通过SolidWorks软件将模型实体化。将截骨后的股骨与金属股骨柄进行装配,并将装配好的模型导入ABAQUS中进行有限元计算。将股骨上部分为内侧近端点(小转子区)、外侧近端(大转子区)、股骨干近端点(茎突中段周围)、远端区域(茎突末端周围和远端)4个区域(处于不同整合状态),计算步态、爬楼梯载荷下植入实心钛合金假体和骨小梁假体前后的股骨应力以及区域未整合时的界面应力,并通过应力椭球分析骨界面的变形类型。结果:在小转子区,步态和爬楼梯载荷下骨小梁假体相比实心钛合金假体应力屏蔽率分别降低了20.5%和14.7%。实心钛合金假体存在不同整合状态时,步态与爬楼梯载荷下界面拉应力最大分别为10.842、12.900 MPa,剪应力最大分别为7.050、6.805 MPa;而骨小梁假体存在不同整合状态时,步态与爬楼梯载荷下界面拉应力最大分别为3.858、4.389 MPa,剪应力最大分别为4.156、3.854 MPa。2种不同载荷下,界面内侧剪应力椭球开口朝向两侧,骨界面发生拉伸变形;界面外侧剪应力椭球上下开口,发生压缩变形。结论:全髋关节置换术后,骨小梁假体的整体性能优于实心钛合金假体,且假体-骨界面未整合边缘易发生应力集中以及变形,引发进一步失效。

Artificial intelligence-assisted repair of peripheral nerve injury: a new research hotspot and associated challenges

Artificial intelligence can be indirectly applied to the repair of peripheral nerve injury.Specifically,it can be used to analyze and process data regarding peripheral nerve injury and repair,while study findings on peripheral nerve injury and repair can provide valuable data to enrich artificial intelligence algorithms.To investigate advances in the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis,rehabilitation,and scientific examination of peripheral nerve injury,we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the relevant literature included in the Web of Science from 1994–2023.We identified the following research hotspots in peripheral nerve injury and repair:(1)diagnosis,classification,and prognostic assessment of peripheral nerve injury using neuroimaging and artificial intelligence techniques,such as corneal confocal microscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy;(2)motion control and rehabilitation following peripheral nerve injury using artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms,such as wearable devices and assisted wheelchair systems;(3)improving the accuracy and effectiveness of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation therapy using artificial intelligence techniques combined with deep learning,such as implantable peripheral nerve interfaces;(4)the application of artificial intelligence technology to brain-machine interfaces for disabled patients and those with reduced mobility,enabling them to control devices such as networked hand prostheses;(5)artificial intelligence robots that can replace doctors in certain procedures during surgery or rehabilitation,thereby reducing surgical risk and complications,and facilitating postoperative recovery.Although artificial intelligence has shown many benefits and potential applications in peripheral nerve injury and repair,there are some limitations to this technology,such as the consequences of missing or imbalanced data,low data accuracy and reproducibility,and ethical issues(e.g.,privacy,data security,research transparency).Future research should address the issue of data collection,as large-scale,high-quality clinical datasets are required to establish effective artificial intelligence models.Multimodal data processing is also necessary,along with interdisciplinary collaboration,medical-industrial integration,and multicenter,large-sample clinical studies.

CR假体与PS假体治疗膝骨性关节炎的效果比较

目的比较CR假体与PS假体在人工膝关节置换术后应用效果。方法随机选取2021年6月至2022年6月在我科收治且符合选择标准的膝骨性关节炎患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组(n=32)。观察组使用CR假体实施TKA,对照组使用PS假体实施TKA。记录两组患者的手术时间、术后引流量、手术前后HGB差值、术后住院时间,术后7 d、14 d、45 d、3个月、1年膝关节ROM、VAS评分、HSS评分、膝关节最大前后向位移,并定期复查X线片。结果两组患者在手术时间、术后住院时间、VAS评分、膝关节最大前后向位移方面相当;和对照组相比,观察组术后引流量明显更少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);和对照组相比,观察组在HGB差值上明显更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术之前两组患者ROM、HSS评分无明显差异,和观察组比较,术后7 d、14 d、45 d时对照组ROM以及HSS评分更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3个月时,两组ROM、HSS评分相当,术后6个月、1年时观察组的ROM、HSS评分明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CR假体在手术失血量和术后引流量方面优于PS假体,可以降低手术风险,两种假体在术后均可获得良好的膝关节稳定性,而PS假体早期临床效果较好,CR假体长期临床效果更优。

内蒙古地区样本髋关节置换假体位置数字化评估

目的测量内蒙古地区髋关节置换术后假体位置参数,了解假体位置分布及解剖重建率。方法纳入内蒙古地区四家三级医院179例髋关节置换术后首次X线资料(年龄30~70岁),影像资料以JEPG格式导入Mimics21.0软件,采用多人重复测量取平均值的方法测量6项参数,包括髋臼假体外展角、前倾角、髋关节旋转中心垂直位置和水平位置、股骨偏心距及双下肢长度差异;比较术侧与健侧髋关节旋转中心位置、股骨头偏心距的差异,统计以上6项参数的解剖重建率。结果观察者间及观察者自身的组内相关系数为0.84~0.99,可靠性较好。健侧股骨头偏心距与术侧差异无统计学意义;术侧髋关节旋转中心垂直位置、水平位置与健侧相比,向内上方偏移,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。髋臼假体外展角、前倾角、髋关节旋转中心垂直位置、水平位置、股骨头偏心距及双下肢长度差异的解剖重建率分别为79.90%、77.70%、43.02%、60.34%、60.30%、79.30%。结论本研究统计内蒙古地区髋关节置换术假体位置的分布情况,认为术后较难达到完全的解剖重建,其中髋关节旋转中心垂直位置、水平位置及股骨偏心距的解剖重建率偏低,需改进手术方法缩小两侧的差异。

全髋关节置换前人工智能(AI)规划的作用与意义

背景:传统X射线胶片术前规划常常不准确,会导致一些术中和术后并发症,增加了手术时间和术中出血量,一定程度影响了全髋关节置换的手术效果。目的:研究人工智能(AI)术前规划在全髋关节置换术中的准确性和应用效果。方法:选取患侧初次行全髋关节置换的患者60例,其中30例应用人工智能(AI)三维术前规划为试验组、30例应用传统X射线胶片二维术前规划为对照组,两组患者的性别、年龄、病情等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组患者术中实际安放假体与术前规划假体匹配情况、术中手术时间、术中出血量、术后即刻双侧股骨偏心距差值、双侧联合偏心距差值及双下肢长度差值和术后3个月Harris评分,分析两种术前规划的准确性和应用效果。结果与结论:①两组患者均获得术后4-6个月的随访,其中对照组有1例患者于术后5 d发生假体后脱位,行手法复位后恢复,无再次脱出,其余患者均未出现术后并发症及术后死亡;②髋臼侧、股骨侧假体完全匹配率:试验组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);③手术时间、术中出血量:试验组明显少于对照组(P<0.05);④两组患者术后双下肢长度差值比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),双侧股骨偏心距差值和双侧联合偏心距差值比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑤试验组患者术后3个月Harris评分明显高于对照组患者(P<0.05);⑥结果说明,人工智能(AI)术前规划相较于传统胶片规划,更能准确预测假体型号、缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、减少术后双下肢不等长发生、加快术后康复。

经腹腹膜前疝修补术与全腹膜外疝修补术治疗双侧腹股沟疝的效果比较

目的:分析并比较经腹腹膜前疝修补术(TAPP)与全腹膜外疝修补术(TEP)两种手术方式用于双侧腹股沟疝治疗的效果。方法:选取100例双侧腹股沟疝患者作为研究对象,根据手术方式不同分为TAPP组和TEP组,每组50例患者,观察两组患者手术期间及术后相关指标,比较两组的疗效。结果:TAPP组患者平均手术时间、治疗费用均高于TEP组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。TAPP组与TEP组患者术中出血量、疼痛持续时间、术后排气时间、住院时间以及术后12 h、24 h痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者手术有效率、复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经腹腹膜前疝修补术与全腹膜外疝修补术均可安全有效应用于双侧腹股沟疝的治疗,应根据患者身体状况合理选择适宜的手术方式,促进患者康复。

Hemiarthroplasty for irreparable distal radius fractures in the elderly:A comprehensive review

BACKGROUND Elderly patients maintaining functional independence can now be candidates for primary wrist hemiarthroplasty to manage acute irreparable distal radius fractures(DRFs).However,further investigation with long-term follow-up is required to validate these initial findings.AIM To review the literature on the outcomes of distal radius hemiarthroplasty with available implants to assess its viability as a treatment option.METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Medline,and Scopus.The search terms employed were"distal radius fracture","hemiarthroplasty","wrist arthroplasty",and related terminology.The search was restricted to articles published in English from 1980 until June 2023.Inclusion criteria encompassed cases or case series of DRF treated with hemiarthroplasty,providing clinical or radiographic outcomes,and published in peer-reviewed journals.RESULTS A total of 2508 articles from PubMed and 883 from Scopus were identified initially.Following screening and removal of duplicates,13 articles met the inclusion criteria.These articles,predominantly clinical retrospective studies,provided insights into hemiarthroplasty outcomes,including functional improvements and complications.Hemiarthroplasty was a treatment option for complex DRF,particularly those cases with severe comminution,intraarticular involvement,or severe osteoporosis.Functional outcomes demonstrated improvements in pain relief,wrist mobility,and grip strength,with variability across studies.Complications included implant loosening,infection,nerve injury,and stiffness,with varying incidence rates influenced by surgical techniques and implant choice.Long-term outcomes were inadequately documented,warranting further research.CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty is a promising treatment for irreparable DRF in the elderly.Long-term outcomes and complications require further study.