Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leak...Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.展开更多
Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and ...Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.展开更多
In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 1...In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.展开更多
Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loa...Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties （Pigmej and Cyrkon） to cultivation without protection （O）, chemical weed control （H） and combined protection against weeds and fungi （HF）. Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems： cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.展开更多
This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. ...This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.展开更多
ZnO films have been prepared on p-type Si substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD） at different total gas flow rates. The current versus voltage and temperature （I - V - T） characteristics, t...ZnO films have been prepared on p-type Si substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD） at different total gas flow rates. The current versus voltage and temperature （I - V - T） characteristics, the deep-level transient spectroscopy （DLTS） and the photoluminescence （PL） spectra of the samples were measured. DLTS shows two deep-level centres of E1 （Ec-0.13±0.02eV） and E2 （Ec-0.43±0.05eV） in sample 1202a, which has a ZnO/p-Si heterostructure. A deep level at Ec-0.13±0.01 eV was also obtained from the I -T characteristics. It was considered to be the same as E1 obtained from DLTS measurement. The emission related to this deep level center was detected by PL spectra. In addition, the energy location and the relative trap density of E1 was varied when the total gas flow rate was changed.展开更多
CT-scan is the most irradiating tool in diagnostic radiology. For 5% - 10% of diagnostic X-ray procedures, it is responsible for 34% of irradiation according to UNSCEAR. Patients radiation protection must therefore be...CT-scan is the most irradiating tool in diagnostic radiology. For 5% - 10% of diagnostic X-ray procedures, it is responsible for 34% of irradiation according to UNSCEAR. Patients radiation protection must therefore be increased during CT-scan procedures. This requires the rigorous application of optimization principle which imposes to have “diagnostic reference levels”. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of the four most frequent CT-scans examinations of adults in Cameroon. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional pilot study carried out from April to September 2015 in five health facilities using CT-scan in Cameroon. The studied variables were: patients age and sex, type of CT-scan examination (cerebral, chest, abdomino-pelvic, lumbar spine), Used of IV contrast (IV﹣/ IV+), acquisition length, time of tube rotation, voltage (kV), mAs, pitch, thickness of slices, CTDIvol and DLP. For each type of examination, at least 30 patients were included per center, consecutively on the randomly predetermined days. The DRL for each type of examination was defined as the 75th percentile of its PDL and CTDIvol. Results: Of the 696 examinations, 41.2% were cerebral, 26.9% abdomino-pelvic, 17.7% lumbar spine and 14.2% chest. The mean age of patients was 52 ± 15 years [20 - 90 years], 58.9% were 50 years and older. The sex-ratio was 1.26 (55.9% males). The CT machines were 4, 8 and 16 multidetectors. The 75th percentile of DLP or DRLs [standard deviation] was: [1150 ± 278 mGy·cm], [770 ± 477 mGy·cm], [720 ± 170 mGy·cm] and [715 ± 187 mGy·cm] respectively for cerebral, lumbar spine, abdominopelvic and chest CT-scans. Taking in consideration the number of detectors, the 75th percentile of the Dose-Length product decreased with the increase number of detectors for cerebral examinations but was the highest with 16 MDCT for the abdominopelvic, lumbar spine and chest CT-scans. For the chest and lumbar spine examinations, there was a significant increase in patient-dose with the increase in the number of detectors. Conclusion: Our DRLs values lie between the norms of some European countries and those of some African countries. There is remarquable variation in dose for the commonest CT-scans examinations in Cameroon, requiring then an optimization process from these determined DRLs and establishment of national DRLs. Special attention to optimization should be paid when using 16 MDCT.展开更多
文摘Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.
基金Sponsored by Follow-up Research Program of the Three Gorges(2013HXKY2-3)
文摘Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.
文摘In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.
文摘Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties （Pigmej and Cyrkon） to cultivation without protection （O）, chemical weed control （H） and combined protection against weeds and fungi （HF）. Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems： cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.
文摘This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50472009, 10474091 and 50532070)
文摘ZnO films have been prepared on p-type Si substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD） at different total gas flow rates. The current versus voltage and temperature （I - V - T） characteristics, the deep-level transient spectroscopy （DLTS） and the photoluminescence （PL） spectra of the samples were measured. DLTS shows two deep-level centres of E1 （Ec-0.13±0.02eV） and E2 （Ec-0.43±0.05eV） in sample 1202a, which has a ZnO/p-Si heterostructure. A deep level at Ec-0.13±0.01 eV was also obtained from the I -T characteristics. It was considered to be the same as E1 obtained from DLTS measurement. The emission related to this deep level center was detected by PL spectra. In addition, the energy location and the relative trap density of E1 was varied when the total gas flow rate was changed.
文摘CT-scan is the most irradiating tool in diagnostic radiology. For 5% - 10% of diagnostic X-ray procedures, it is responsible for 34% of irradiation according to UNSCEAR. Patients radiation protection must therefore be increased during CT-scan procedures. This requires the rigorous application of optimization principle which imposes to have “diagnostic reference levels”. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of the four most frequent CT-scans examinations of adults in Cameroon. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional pilot study carried out from April to September 2015 in five health facilities using CT-scan in Cameroon. The studied variables were: patients age and sex, type of CT-scan examination (cerebral, chest, abdomino-pelvic, lumbar spine), Used of IV contrast (IV﹣/ IV+), acquisition length, time of tube rotation, voltage (kV), mAs, pitch, thickness of slices, CTDIvol and DLP. For each type of examination, at least 30 patients were included per center, consecutively on the randomly predetermined days. The DRL for each type of examination was defined as the 75th percentile of its PDL and CTDIvol. Results: Of the 696 examinations, 41.2% were cerebral, 26.9% abdomino-pelvic, 17.7% lumbar spine and 14.2% chest. The mean age of patients was 52 ± 15 years [20 - 90 years], 58.9% were 50 years and older. The sex-ratio was 1.26 (55.9% males). The CT machines were 4, 8 and 16 multidetectors. The 75th percentile of DLP or DRLs [standard deviation] was: [1150 ± 278 mGy·cm], [770 ± 477 mGy·cm], [720 ± 170 mGy·cm] and [715 ± 187 mGy·cm] respectively for cerebral, lumbar spine, abdominopelvic and chest CT-scans. Taking in consideration the number of detectors, the 75th percentile of the Dose-Length product decreased with the increase number of detectors for cerebral examinations but was the highest with 16 MDCT for the abdominopelvic, lumbar spine and chest CT-scans. For the chest and lumbar spine examinations, there was a significant increase in patient-dose with the increase in the number of detectors. Conclusion: Our DRLs values lie between the norms of some European countries and those of some African countries. There is remarquable variation in dose for the commonest CT-scans examinations in Cameroon, requiring then an optimization process from these determined DRLs and establishment of national DRLs. Special attention to optimization should be paid when using 16 MDCT.
