Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

数字经济时代大型平台企业新业态从业人员的劳动权益保障

数字经济时代“新技术群”的蓬勃发展使员工从强单位从属性向弱单位从属性转变、用工模式从固定制向灵活制转变。单位从属和用工模式的变化,颠覆了传统企业员工劳动权益保障机制,使得企业员工劳动权益保障机制由“单位化”向“社会化”转变。当前“单位化”劳动权益保障机制面临劳动报酬保障制度缺失、算法偏见和算法霸权频发、医疗/养老保险制度缺失、职业伤害保障制度缺失、第三方侵权责任主体不明、劳动权益保障主体责任缺失六大困境。建立“社会化”新业态从业人员劳动权益保障机制,需要建立劳动基准账户、科学规范算法规则、完善医疗/养老保险制度、健全职业伤害保障体系、明确平台企业组织过错责任、强化多元主体协同治理,最终形成系统化的劳动权益保障机制,以此实现好、维护好、落实好大型平台企业新业态从业人员的劳动权益。

我国高校师生恋的法律规制路径选择

高校师生之间权力、地位的差异使得学生难以对师生恋作出有效承诺。师生恋的存在容易使教师滥用权力、偏袒与其有恋情的学生,对其他学生形成潜在不公,同时给学习环境、学校荣誉等带来负面影响,且师生恋与性骚扰的界限模糊使得师生恋极易转化为性骚扰。美国高校对师生恋规制的不同模式对我国高校规制路径的探索具有启发意义。我国对师生恋的法律规制路径选择应将重点放在高校自治范围内的规制,高校应当在校规中明确禁止存在教学管理、学业指导或考核评价等利益关系的教师与学生之间有师生恋,对不存在此类关系的师生恋高校则应持强烈不鼓励的立场。同时也应对规制师生恋的具体范围、责任主体、事前预防、事后处理和程序设计等具体方面作出完善规定。

论新时代“枫桥经验”嵌入涉侨矛盾纠纷调解机制

“枫桥经验”具有鲜明的时代性,并且在多年的基层实践中形成了一种基层防范与化解的有效模式。在国家近些年对涉侨权益司法保护这一重大命题的提倡与号召下,各地法院纷纷进行了探索,也取得了有益经验。涉侨多元解纷机制的创设,是智慧法院体系工程建设的成果,也是保障涉侨权益的重要司法手段。由于在涉侨多元解纷的实践中缺乏统一的理论支撑与经验指引,现实中展现出案件识别难、诉源效果不理想,执行难三大难题。通过将把握“枫桥经验”的时代性与涉侨多元解纷机制相结合,凝练出“枫桥经验”的可借鉴因素,进而对优化我国涉侨多元纠纷解决机制提供新的启发,为涉侨权益司法保障提供具有时代性与实践性的行动方向。

论消费者倾斜性保护的逻辑

消费者保护被普遍认可,但消费者保护立法的倾斜性原则却遭到质疑。倾斜性保护原则的成立有其历史必然性,是基于大工业、大行业时代提出的,旨在纠正社会经济生活中客观存在的实质不公平现象;有其社会基础,即由于在消费活动中消费者与经营者存在信息不对称、消费者明显的弱势地位,需要立法进行倾斜性权利配置,以维护正常的社会经济秩序。从一些先行工业化国家的立法来看,倾斜性保护的系列立法并没有损害企业的整体利益,更不会扭曲、破坏市场机制;我国的消费者保护立法实践也表明,倾斜性保护原则体现了现代社会公平价值和传统文化中的人本思想、彰显了消费者的消费尊严。

美国农民土地权益保护机制及评价启示

研究目的:总结美国农民土地权益保护方式和特点,对美国农民土地权益保护机制进行分析,为中国农民土地权益保护提供借鉴意义。研究方法:文献研究法。研究结果:美国土地交易和土地立法实践形成了美国农民土地权益"三层次"保护机制,即美国农民土地权益保护机制价值层、机制制度层、机制实体层。研究结论:美国农民土地权益"三层次"保护机制对中国有借鉴作用;中国应建立法治化、市场化、国际化和现代化的农民土地权益保护机制价值层;加快颁布实施《农村集体土地征收补偿条例》,完善中国农民土地权益保护机制制度层;发展集体经济组织,创新中国农民土地权益保护机制实体层。

新形势下我国农村土地流转制度完善探讨

中国的问题是农民问题,农民的问题是土地问题。随着中国经济的快速发展,土地的合理配置和流转显得非常重要。完善我国农村土地流转制度对我国社会经济发展有很好的促进作用,但与此同时,我国农村土地流转也存在一系列的问题,并由此提出规范农村土地流转,加强农民权益保护的主要对策。

基于农户视角的农民土地权益保护机制研究

基于农户视角,利用中国大陆26个省份问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型从微观层面就农户自身能力及其可动员的资源对土地权益保护的影响进行实证分析,结果显示:农户在农村社区所拥有的政治资源以及参与合作社组织能够提高农户的农业经营满意度;农户自身拥有的谈判能力和缔约能力,以及通过参与合作社组织能够提高农户的农地流转满意度;农户拥有的政治资源能够提高农户的农地征用补偿满意度。

基于利益分析视角的我国农民工权益法律保护问题研究

人与人之间的关系归根结底为利益关系。从哲学的主客体二元对立出发,利益是独立于主体世界而存在。利益是人的本能追求,是人们奋斗的动力之源。转型社会下各种利益群体逐渐显化、利益矛盾空前尖锐、利益需求的多元化不断显现,因此同样作为社会主体之一的农民工的利益理应也愈引起全社会的关注。以利益参与、利益发展、利益和谐为逻辑起点,我们透彻分析了农民工的政治、经济、文化利益中的障碍,以动力、基础、主导、发展为基点提出了"四位一体"的利益生成和利益驱动机制、利益表达和利益代表机制、利益分配和利益保障机制、利益协调和利益共享机制的构建与完善。

数字资源权益分享的法律机制研究

数字资源的生产、集成、传播和使用涉及多个权益主体,需要从法律、市场、技术等多个角度对各权益主体进行权利保护和利益平衡。本文从法律角度探析数字资源权益的分享与平衡,考察了各权益主体之间针对数字资源的权利的确认、权利的保护以及权利的利用机制。