Evaluation of Animal and Plant Resources Status Quo after the Reservoir Construction in Turks River and Protection Measures

[Objective] The aim was to assess the status quo of animal and plant resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir.[Method] Through field investigation,document check and sample identification,the distribution of animal and plants resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir was studied and corresponding protection measures were proposed.[Result] Under the influence of reservoir,there were fifteen types of rare animals,one species of national primary protected animals,seven species of national secondary protected animals,one species of provincial primary protected animals,six species of provincial secondary protected animals;there were twenty one species of rare plants,including two species of national secondary plant,five species of national tertiary protected animals,six types of Xinjiang primary protected plants,two species of Xinjiang secondary protected plants and six types of tertiary protected plants in Xinjiang.Protective policies for the land ecological environment were proposed,including corresponding compensation according to the rules and policies of government,plans being formulated for rare species protection,construction of natural reserves and artificial breeding base,usage of the environment in the reservoir and changes of ecological situation etc.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for the protection of animal and plants resources in Turks.

Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

Analysis of wild medicinal vascular plant resources and diversity in Dabie Mountains, Anhui Province

Dabie Mountains are located at the junction of Anhui,Henan and Hubei provinces in the East of China.With its varied altitude,climate,and soil texture,Dabie Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.The 12th Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University conducted a study on wild vascular plants resources,especially medicinal vascular plants,through field investigation,literature review and specimen identification.There were 472 species of vascular plants belonging to 347 genera and 125 families collected during July 2018 in this area,of which 424 species were medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 89.83%of the total.From the perspective of medicinal parts,most of the medicinal plants there have values in their roots and rhizomes,as well as the whole plants.The efficacy and characteristics of these pharmaceutical dimensions were also summarized and analyzed in detail.Besides,among the wild vascular plants collected,the most dominant families with the biggest numbers of species are Compositae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,Saxifragaceae and Polygonaceae,and the dominant genus are Viola and Sedum.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are dominant,accounting for 55.72%of the total species,followed by some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Finally,recommendations are put forward for strengthening the protection and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources in Dabie Mountains.

Analysis of plant resources and diversity in the southeast area of Taihang Mountains

Taihang Mountains are situated between Shanxi Province and the North China Plain,spanning Beijing,Hebei,Shanxi,and Henan provinces and cities.The mountains extend from northeast to southwest for over 400 km,naturally deviding the second step from the third one in China.The southeastern area of Taihang Mountains specifically refers to Changzhi City and Jincheng Administrative Region of Shanxi Province.Given Shanxi Province’s robust development plans for the southeast area of Taihang Mountains,the medicinal plant resources in this area will be affected.Therefore,it is imperative and urgent to conduct a comprehensive investigation and study on the medicinal plant resources in the southeast area of Taihang Mountains.By means of field investigation,literature review,and specimen identification,the plant resources and diversity of two counties in the southeast of Taihang Mountains were evaluated.The findings revealed 234 plants species across 172 genera in 70 families,primarily comprising angiosperms.The families with more species included Compositae,Leguminosae,Rosaceae,Labiatae,Ranunculaceae.Among the genera,those with more species were Cynanchum,Selaginella,Clematis,Thalictrum,and Rhamnus.A total of 114 medicinal plants were identified,constituting 48.72%of the total.Regarding medicinal parts,the concentration is in roots and rhizomes,followed by whole plants and fruits.On the basis of investigation and study,some suggestions on the development,utilization,and protection of medicinal plant resources in southeast Taihang Mountains were made.These suggestions provide valuable insights for the study on medicinal plant resources and vegetation in the southeast of Taihang Mountains,serving as a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.

Analysis of plant resources and diversity in Balluk Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Balluk Mountain is located between the Tianshan Mountains and the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang Province.Influenced by the humid air and diverse landforms of Lake Alacuri,the unique climate of Mount Baluk nourishes excellent pastures and supports numerous wildlife,making it rich in plant resources.The 9th Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigations,literature reviews,and specimen identification to study the plant resources and diversity of Balluk Mountain in Xinjiang Province.A total of 235 species of medicinal plants belonging to 59 families and 159 genera were collected during the period from July to August 2015 in this area.The dominant families observed were Asteraceae,Caryophyllaceae,Lamiaceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae and Umbelliferae,with 35,11,14,12,27,and 13 species respectively.These families account for over 47.4%of the total species collected,though comprising only 10.2%of the total number of families.At the genus level,Artemisia was found to be the most dominant genus with eight species,contributing to 0.63%of the total genera,while representing 3.4%of the total species abundance.Overall,this study provides an updated analysis of the plant resources and diversity in Balluk Mountain.Several species have been identified to possess significant medicinal properties and hold potential for various research fields,including natural product chemistry and drug development.The study also offers practical and meaningful suggestions for strengthening the protection and utilization of plant resources in the area.By implementing these suggestions,we can better preserve the plant diversity in Balluk Mountain and ensure the sustainable use of these valuable resources.

Study on the Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve

[Objective] The aim was to study the current situation and protection countermeasures of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. [Method] The current situation of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was researched by means of route survey, sample plot survey and literature survey, and then the main impact factors of wild plant resources were analyzed by using participatory rural appraisal and problem tree analysis, finally protection countermeasures were put forward according to current situation and main impact factors. [Result] There were 2 779 species of vascular plants belonging to 214 families and 1 012 genera (including subfamilies and varieties) in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, among them, there existed 261 species of pteridophyte belonging to 41 families and 91 genera, 14 species of gymnosperm belonging to 6 families and 6 genera, and 2 504 species of angiosperm belonging to 167 families and 915 genera. Wild plant resources in reserve were mainly affected by planting under forest, habitat fragmentation, cutting trees, collection and utilization of no-timber products, development of animal husbandry, insufficient recognition of community residents to reserve management establishment and lots of floating population. In the future, wild plant resources in reserve could be protected through strengthening propaganda, education and management, enforcing the law strictly and other countermeasures. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the protection of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.

Study on Resource Status and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)in Xinjiang

In recent years,the protection of PSESP has gradually become a hot issue in biodiversity research.Through the investigation and analysis of PSESP in Xinjiang,it is shown that:①there are 75 species of PSESP in Xinjiang,including 22 species of trees,18 species of shrubs and 35 species of herbs.The habitats are mainly in extremely cold,extremely dry or extremely narrow conditions such as snow line,desert,mountain,wetland and so on.②53 species(70.67%)are listed as national or autonomous region protected plants,and 22 species of PSESP are not listed in the protection;there are 70 species of PSESP listed in the red list,accounting for 93.33%.③The PSESP in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in the Altai Mountains,western Tianshan Mountains,Pamir Plateau and Karakoram Mountains;they are distributed in all kinds of nature reserves,forest parks,wetland parks and other natural ecological protection areas in Xinjiang.Ammopiptanthus nanus(M.Pop.)Cheng F.,Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight,Calligonum roborovskii A.Los.and Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart have not been found in the literature,indicating that they are distributed in protected areas.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of biodiversity in Xinjiang,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of PSESP.

Analysis of wild vascular plant resources and diversity in Taibai Mountains of Qinling area,Shaanxi Province

Taibai Mountains,located at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains,are composed of the Yuan Taibai Mountain(also known as East Taibai Mountain),Aoshan Mountain(also known as West Taibai Mountain)and their connection part.With its complex geographical and climatic conditions,Taibai Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.Based on field investigation,literature review and specimen identification,wild vascular plants resources and their diversity in Taibai Mountains were studied by the sixth Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.222 species of vascular plants belonging to 163 genera and 63 families were collected during July 2012 in this area,and most of the plants are angiosperms.The families with more species are Liliaceae,Ranunculaceae,Asteraceae,Rosaceae,and Saxifragaceae,and the dominant genus are Aconitum,Sedum,Eleutherococcus,Pedicularis,Polygonatum,and Patrinia.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are the main species,accounting for 72.97%of the total species,with others being some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Among all the collected vascular plants,170 species of them are medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 76.58%of the total.Most of the medicinal parts are roots and rhizomes,followed by the whole plants.Finally,on the basis of investigation and study,some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the protection and utilization of plant resources in Taibai Mountains.

Research on Intellectual Property Rights Protection of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in China

On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example,to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows:the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak;the system of laws and regulations is not sound;the protection system is not perfect;the management system lacks standardization.It further puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as follows:promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society;enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources;improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources;strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.

Environmental Protection of Biodiversity in Macedonia and Albania under Legal Analysis View

Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania are similar in other countries in the region. Numerous problems and deficiencies identified through different projects. The studies and planning documents are evident for environmental media and areas. Such as lack of regional integrated systems for municipal solid waste management. The system for special waste types management, including hazardous waste, insufficient coverage of populated places and municipalities by wastewater collection and treatment systems （especially in agglomerations above 10,000 populations）. The need to establish integrated river basin management is in accordance with the new law on waters, air pollution with different intensity in different parts of the country. This paper presents the imperative reforms to protect the natural resources and biodiversity in the countries.

Investigation on vascular plant resources and their diversity in Wuzhishan,China

Wuzhishan,located in the central part of Hainan Island and characterized by undulating terrain and diverse vegetation,is rich in plants.In October 2020,field investigations were carried out by the 14th Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team.Through specimen collection and literature retrieval,the team collected and analyzed vascular plants,resulting in the identification of 455 species belonging to 328 genera in 145 families.The dominant families are Leguminosae,Malvaceae,Compositae,Rubiaceae,Lauraceae,Pteridaceae,and Polypodiaceae.The main dominant species were perennial herb,comprising 147 species,32.31%of the total.From the 367 species of medicinal vascular plants,the team screened and recorded 20 species of Li medicine according to indications of the medicinal use and the part of the plant used.As a result,the dominant families of vascular plants were similar to medicinal vascular plants,which means vascular plants is an important medicinal resource in Wuzhishan.Based on the investigation and research,further suggestions were made to strengthen the conservation and utilization of plant resources in Wuzhishan.

Research progress of plant antimicrobial peptides

Plant antimicrobial peptides are a very large family of antimicrobial peptides,which have strong resistance to various pathogenic microorganisms,especially fungi.With the increasing use of antibiotics,the problems caused by antibiotics,including antibiotic residues and pathogen resistance,are becoming more and more prominent.The research on antimicrobial peptides as new antibiotic substitutes is also a hot spot.This article introduces the action sites and antibacterial mechanisms of several plant antimicrobial peptides,as well as the application of plant antimicrobial peptides in the fields of medicine,agriculture,and food preservation.

Elucidating Environment Management Intervention Benefits and Underpinning Factors among Uganda’s Albertine Rift Communities

Environmental management intervention benefits have been found to depend on beneficiaries’ unique socioeconomic-environmental factors and understanding these helps generate knowledge guidelines for designing, planning and implementation of new interventions. The Ecosystems Alliance (EA) Project in Uganda’s Albertine Rift promoted interventions including, resource access from protected areas, monitoring oil companies’ compliance to set environmental standards, tree planting, lake bank restoration, bee keeping, hay for livestock feeding and cages to shelter communities from crocodiles for four years in Buliisa, Hoima and Kasese district, to, build management capacity of the local communities and institutions to remedy the region’s environment and natural resources which were declining. At the end of the project we interviewed 56 representatives of the project beneficiaries individually and obtained data on benefit level, factors underpinning and perceived livelihoods and environmental impacts of the interventions and used Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 16 (Bryman & Cramer, 2009) to generate percentages (%), correlations with p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant relationship on these. As results, ≥90% of respondents in districts benefited from EA project interventions. Beneficiaries perceived the interventions that enhanced their household incomes and this was especially important for those who were not educated (p = 0.01, for education level);the environment management capacity and this was especially important for women (p = 0.05, for sex) and for households of 4 - 6 members (p = 0.02 with family size);the reduced conflicts with wildlife and this was especially important for households with 4 - 6 members (p = 0.02) and for people who depended on wetlands/wildlife resources (p = 0.00 for both cases) among others. Among constraints to benefit, time of intervention and climatic conditions was especially important among crop farmers (p = 0.04 with occupation) while, intervention not meeting expectation was a factor among beneficiaries in the age group 18 - 31 and 61 - 70 years old (p = 0.01, for age). The respondents recommended future initiatives start with research to determine interventions that match their environment, priority and expectations and these are distributed equitably after prior information/expectation management and technical capacity building.

Species of Chinese materia medica resources based on the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica resources

This article outlines the composition and species characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)resources identified in the fourth national survey of CMM resources.The survey was conducted based on field investigations and office collation,adhering to the“four principles”emphasizing the existence of survey records,voucher specimens,actual photographs,and evidence of medicinal use,to summarize the species ofCMMresources and ensure the scientific integrity and accuracy of the results.According to the findings,China has 18,817 CMM resources,including 15,321 medicinal plants,826 medicinal fungi,2517 medicinal animals,and 153 medicinal minerals.Additionally,in the fourth national survey of CMM resources,3151 species of unique medicinal plants,464 species of rare and endangered medicinal plants,and 196 new species in China underwent specialized investigations.These latest statistics are expected to provide themost up-to-date foundational data for the protection,management,development,and utilization of these CMMresources over an extended period,offering scientific guidance for the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

基于迭代算法分析的无线通信信号识别研究

为进一步提升我国植保无人机通信系统的作业效率,基于迭代计算思维,针对其无线通信信号的识别与处理模块展开分析。以通信路径原理为基础,以通信信道资源识别、功率改进为切入点,搭建准确的通信迭代计算模型,进行特性分析与关联匹配设置,并展开整机通信作业参数试验效果验证。结果表明:基于迭代算法分析的无线通信信号识别与处理各模块功能运行稳定,信号时延率与信道误码率均相对降低,通信的识别准确率相对提升8.94%,整体通信综合效率提升至96.93%。此迭代算法分析准确,设计效果明显,对于类似智慧型农机装备的通信质量与通信效率提升有较好的参考价值。

“园艺植物保护”课程混合式教学探索

分析“园艺植物保护”课程的教学现状,针对目前教学存在的问题,将在线学习与课堂教学优势有机结合,探索适用于“园艺植物保护”课程的混合式教学具体实施方案,以期为其他课程应用混合式教学模式提供有益参考及教学改革思路。

基于“生活教育”理念的校园动植物资源辅助教学模式探讨——以“普通生物学”课程为例

校园动植物资源辅助教学可进行灵活的实践教育,实现“生活教育”的“教”“学”“做”三者合一。前期准备阶段,教师在“做”中“学”,利用校园动植物资源,进行教学大纲的再设计、课程资源库及教材体系建设等保障工作;具体实施阶段,教师、学生在“做”中“教”与“学”,在传统课室、课时、考核评价基础上增加了灵活的课室、课时和课评。通过校园动植物资源辅助教学的“教学做合一”模式,可有效提升学生的主动性、创新性,教学实施更多元化,更有效培养综合素质型人才。

资源利用与植物保护专业硕士案例式教学的探索研究

案例教学已成为培养专业硕士实践能力的主要方法。结合资源利用与植物保护技术进展课程教学,根据专业硕士的教学理念和特点,选取教学过程及生产实践中的典型案例,从案例教学的必要性与意义、案例的选择原则、案例资源设计、教学案例的使用与评价方面展开论述,以期为推进教学改革,培养真正能够推进农业发展、解决实际问题的应用型创新农业人才提供参考。

厚叶木莲的种实性状及幼苗生长变异

为探究濒危植物厚叶木莲不同天然植株间种实和子代幼苗表型性状变异规律,促进厚叶木莲物种保护及种质资源保存,首先对云髻山自然保护区5个厚叶木莲单株的15个表型性状进行测量,其次对不同单株间种实和幼苗生长的差异进行分析,再次对各表型性状开展相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明:不同单株厚叶木莲15个表型性状平均变异系数为39.70%,其中每果种子数量的变异系数(95.24%)最大,种子长度变异系数(12.53%)最小。种实表型性状和幼苗生长性状存在显著差异,YJS03种实饱满、发芽早且发芽率高,幼苗生长情况表现更优;YJS05种子数量少,发芽慢且发芽率低;YJS04的表型多样性(33.31%)最高,YJS08的(15.48%)最低。果实表型性状两两呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),但与种子和幼苗无显著相关;种子千粒重、种子长度、种子厚度、种子发芽率四者总体上呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),苗高和地径与发芽率两两呈显著正相关(P<0.05);厚叶木莲种实和幼苗的15个表型性状可提炼为4个主成分。厚叶木莲在个体上存在较为丰富的表型变异,果实性状变异大于种子和幼苗生长性状;种子越大萌发速度越快,萌发率也越高,可通过种子大小预测其发芽率;YJS03的种实和幼苗质量好,应优先开展其单株的人工扩繁促进厚叶木莲保育和利用。

由里耶秦简看洞庭郡动植物资源的开发与保护

里耶秦简中有不少关于捕捉动物和采集草木的记录。其中捕鸟和捕猿用于贡赋,黔首捕虎所得虎肉可供官府出售,草木通过劳作被加工成各种生活用具。这些都是对当地动植物资源的开发与利用,反映出洞庭郡相对优越的自然环境。秦律限制捕捉动物的数量和捕猎时间,植物资源的采集也有季节限制,在一定程度上是对当地环境的合理保护,有利于资源的可持续利用。