Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

How China Protects People's Right to Labor——An interview with Labor and Social Security Minister Tian Chengping

Following is an interview given to our staff reporter by Chinese Minister Tian Chengping of Labor and Social Security on protection of the people＇s right to labor, which is an important part of the national endeavor to protect human rights. The minister spoke on a range of questions, including employment and reemployment of workers in Chinese cities, wages of migrant workers from the countryside, efforts to narrow the gap of income between different population groups, and protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the working masses.

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障对其主观幸福感的影响:社会公平感的中介作用

家庭农场发展过程中,非家庭成员的农业雇工成为该新型经营组织的重要劳动力。基于雅安市3区(县)12村109名家庭农场农业雇工实地调研数据,探究家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障及其对主观幸福感的影响。研究结果表明,家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障平均水平整体偏高,但存在性别和年龄差异。家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障正向预测其主观幸福感。社会公平感在家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障和主观幸福感之间的中介作用显著。在此基础上,提出立法、普法、劳动行政监督、加强内部管理四方面建议,以保障家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益,进而提升其主观幸福感。

国有股东能促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级吗?

以我国沪深A股2011—2021年民营上市公司为对象,考察了国有股东对参股民营企业人力资本结构的影响及机制。研究发现:国有股东能够促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级;机制与路径分析表明,提升社会地位、加强员工权益保护、增强研发意愿是国有股东改善参股企业人力资本结构的作用机制;国有股东通过挤出低学历及生产人员而优化参股民营企业的人力资本结构;这一影响具有异质性,低政府干预、要素市场发育程度能够正向调节国有参股股东的人力资本效应;经济后果检验发现,国有股东对人力资本结构的积极影响不仅在经营业绩上“做大蛋糕”,而且在要素收入分配中“分好蛋糕”而提升劳动收入份额。研究结论既丰富了混合所有制改革与人力资本升级方面的文献,又为民营企业利用国有资本优化人力资源配置提供借鉴。

新业态劳动者权益保障中平台守门人监管模式的引入及规则构建

现有的劳动者权益保障规则难以有效兼顾维护新业态劳动者合法权益和促进平台经济健康有序发展的双重目标。欧盟和中国在数据与竞争法领域实施的平台守门人监管模式,为监管大型数字平台提供了新思路,其核心要义是对平台分类分级监管,并适当加重超大平台的义务。新业态劳动者权益保障中引入平台守门人监管模式,有其必要性与可行性。构建新业态劳动者权益保障平台守门人义务的规则,应确立合理的平台分类分级识别标准,识别平台守门人,并赋予其新业态劳动者权益保障的加重义务,同时规范平台守门人第三方劳务公司的合规义务,平台守门人的加重义务也不能过泛而应加以适当限制。

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护法律适用研究

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷是劳动人事争议中的重要案件类型,妥善解决与否直接关系到积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的落实。审判实践中,存在超龄劳动者用工关系性质认定不一、工伤认定难、缴纳社会保险难等问题。面对实践中的疑难问题,超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷裁判规则可作出如下调整:首先,此类劳动者在劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、工伤保险待遇等方面适用劳动基准。其次,《劳动合同法》第44条规定的“开始依法享受基本养老保险待遇”仅指职工基本养老保险待遇。最后,用人单位在劳动者享受基本养老保险待遇、达到退休年龄的情况下终止劳动合同,不承担支付赔偿金的责任,应否支付经济补偿可视其是否存在《劳动合同法》第38条规定情形进行类型化的分析和裁量。

共享用工劳动权益保护的法律争议、焦点与抉择

共享用工作为一种新兴的灵活用工模式,逐渐在各行业占据一席之地。然而,如何切实维护共享员工的劳动权益,是需要面对和解决的重要议题。学术界在这一问题上存在争议,争议的焦点主要集中在是选择“一重劳动关系”还是“二重劳动关系”作为构建共享用工劳动权益保护机制的基础。为妥善处理这一问题,需拓宽研究视野,探究劳动关系的历史演变,把握共享用工的时代特性,全面考察“一重劳动关系”向“二重劳动关系”转变的内在规律,进而结合共享用工中的实践难题,提出动态化、二重性的共享用工劳动权益保护的路径与模式。

新就业形态从业者特征及就业质量

基于2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,全景式呈现了新就业形态从业者的特征、劳动供给水平及其就业质量。研究发现,在新就业形态快速发展初期,劳动者主要从事送快递/外卖、开网店和开网约车等,新就业形态从业者中男性显著多于女性、从业者年龄集中在29~39岁之间、低学历者更多。从新就业形态从业者的劳动供给水平来看,多数新就业形态从业者每天的工作时长为7.29~10.71小时,但也有相当比例的从业者工作时长仅为0.45~3.87小时;更多新就业形态劳动者年度工作天数大于191天;女性、35岁以下的青年以及高中以上学历者的新就业形态劳动供给水平偏低。劳动者的从业回报、劳动强度、劳动权益保护和主观福祉水平参差不齐,其影响因素包括年龄、自身健康状况、所在经济区域、从业类型以及劳动合同的签订情况等。新就业形态从业者就业质量整体有较大提升空间。

数字劳动教育融入中学思政课堂的策略

科学技术进步带来了生产力与生产关系的变革,为培养学生实现全面发展,劳动教育应在数字时代孕育新的教学内容。在此背景之下,我们要教给学生新生产工具的使用技巧、新就业形态的职业规划、数字劳动的规律与认识以及劳动光荣精神和维护自身权益的意识。由于数字劳动教育在理论与实践教学设计中同传统劳动教育存在差异,所以需要应对学生对知识的理解、学校学科建设不成熟、社会资源不均衡等挑战,这需要我们坚持政府、学校、社会合作的三位一体格局,坚持以马克思主义劳动观为理论内核,设法消除资源上的不平等,使劳动教育质量实现社会整体性的提高。

性别平等视阈下女性养老保险权益的法律保障

性别平等是社会公平的重要体现,尽管性别平等在多个领域取得实质进展,但在以养老保险体系为代表的社会保障领域,仍存在待遇水平上的实质不平等,这类现象隐藏于《宪法》《社会保障法》“中立”的性别平等表达中。养老保险体系中养老金待遇存在性别差异,是因为养老金待遇水平主要取决于参保人的缴费能力和缴费年限,而女性群体的缴费能力、缴费年限又恰恰受到传统社会性别分工的影响。为缩小两性的养老金待遇差距,保障女性晚年的体面生活,应当跳出性别对立、资源竞争的思维定式,以两性合作的观念保障女性的养老金权益,实现性别层面的养老保险“互助共济”功能。

灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的困境及对策研究

伴随着我国经济产业结构的优化升级,人力资源市场催生了灵活就业这种新颖的就业方式,它具有工作方便、灵活且门槛较低等优势。灵活就业拓宽了求职方式,但灵活就业人员劳动权益受到侵犯的现象也随之增加:包括劳动报酬权和平等就业权的无法保障等。然而,目前我国在灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的法律上还有待完善,实践中灵活就业人员一旦遭受劳动权益损害,往往无法顺利通过现有法律途径寻求救济。为此,从灵活就业相关理论概述入手,分析当前灵活就业人员劳动权益受损的现状和原因后,针对灵活就业人员劳动权益保障提出相应建议。