Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

渔民渔业权益保护问题研究——以提升水产品出口竞争力为目标

近年来,中国渔业经历了迅速发展,但背后也暴露出一些问题,尤其是渔民渔业权益的保护和水产品出口竞争力的提升。渔民权益受侵害的现象愈发严重,往往缺乏有效的救济和补偿,主因是缺乏明确的法律法规来保障渔民的合法权益。渔民权益的保护与水产品出口竞争力之间存在密切联系,互有促进作用。文章从经济法的视角探讨渔民渔业权益保护与水产品出口竞争力的关系,提出经济法保护渔民渔业权益的利益机制体系,在此基础上从四个方面提出渔民渔业权益保护的经济主体法律制度完善的建议,以期为立法实践提供参考。

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

论消费者倾斜性保护的逻辑

消费者保护被普遍认可,但消费者保护立法的倾斜性原则却遭到质疑。倾斜性保护原则的成立有其历史必然性,是基于大工业、大行业时代提出的,旨在纠正社会经济生活中客观存在的实质不公平现象;有其社会基础,即由于在消费活动中消费者与经营者存在信息不对称、消费者明显的弱势地位,需要立法进行倾斜性权利配置,以维护正常的社会经济秩序。从一些先行工业化国家的立法来看,倾斜性保护的系列立法并没有损害企业的整体利益,更不会扭曲、破坏市场机制;我国的消费者保护立法实践也表明,倾斜性保护原则体现了现代社会公平价值和传统文化中的人本思想、彰显了消费者的消费尊严。

新形势下我国农村土地流转制度完善探讨

中国的问题是农民问题,农民的问题是土地问题。随着中国经济的快速发展,土地的合理配置和流转显得非常重要。完善我国农村土地流转制度对我国社会经济发展有很好的促进作用,但与此同时,我国农村土地流转也存在一系列的问题,并由此提出规范农村土地流转,加强农民权益保护的主要对策。

从环境权到国家环境保护义务和环境公益诉讼

综合性的环境法律应以规范政府环境行为为主,从确认公众(主要是自然人)的环境权出发,规定国家的环境保护义务和环境公益诉讼制度;应明确"传统环境侵权责任、传统环境民事诉讼、传统行政诉讼"与"新型环境侵权责任、新型环境公益民事诉讼、新型环境公益行政诉讼"的联系与区别,明确"环境利益"、"环境损害"和"环境损害责任"的概念。环境权是维护公众环境利益的法律基础和依据;损害作为公众共用物的环境,就是侵犯公众的环境利益,就是侵犯公众的环境权;环境公益诉讼是因侵犯环境权而引起的诉讼,是对受到侵犯的环境权进行救济的主要途径;公民为了维护其环境权而提起环境公益诉讼,就是为了保护作为公众共用物的环境而提起诉讼。

论我国妇女权益的法律保护问题

我国妇女在实现政治权利、经济、社会和文化权利、人身权利等方面均面临着新的挑战。我国的妇女权益保护法律建设尽管取得了巨大的成就,但还存在一些不足,有迫切的必要予以完善。

论我国捕捞权制度

我国《物权法》中规定了捕捞权的相关内容,但不尽详尽。捕捞权兼有公权和私权的性质,应当进一步明确其双重保护制度,实现权力和权利的并存和配合。针对目前我国捕捞权制度的缺陷,可尝试建立捕捞权市场化流转、水域的渔业规划与公告制度,完善相关补偿制度,统一许可证书及其发证机关,平衡经济利益与环境利益,以保障代内、代际之间环境资源的公平分配,建立起一套完善的公私法融合的捕捞制度。

邓小平对新时期中国妇女运动的历史性贡献

改革开放后,邓小平领导我党坚持马克思主义、毛泽东思想,框定了新时期"党的领导、国家支持"的妇女运动运作模式。基于邓小平领导的改革开放所创造的良好条件、邓小平理论的指导及党和国家的高度重视积极运作,我国妇女事业得以快速发展,表现为:更多的妇女投身到公共劳动之中实现了经济独立;妇女权益保障法律体系形成;妇女政治地位的提升具有了坚实的基础;女性教育大踏步前进;中国妇女运动走出封闭实现开放式发展等。邓小平对新时期中国妇女运动的这些历史性贡献将永远彪炳于中国妇女运动史册。

论妇女权益法律保障的理论依据

法律意义上的男女平等意味着"禁止法律上的不合理的区别对待"、"禁止法律上的不合理的相同对待"、"区别对待应当遵循合理标准";妇女人权理论提供了一个理论框架,用以凝聚国际共识,并为实现妇女权利而制定各种策略;男女平等是聪明的经济政策,它可以从若干途径提高经济效益,改善发展结果;两性平等和谐发展是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,消除对妇女的侵害才能实现男女两性平等和谐发展;妇女权益的保障离不开法律制度的支持,只有通过法制化,才能使各项妇女权益保障制度有效运作;社会性别理论揭示了社会性别体制的状况,分析导致其产生和延续的社会机制,以最终实现两性平等。

论我国消费者权益保护法的特别保护原则

特别保护原则是消费者权益保护法的一项重要原则。之所以要确立特别保护原则,主要是因为消费者处于弱者地位。消费者权益保护法对消费者予以特别保护,表现在诸多方面,如中心宗旨的确立;权利义务的设置;归责原则的适用;惩罚性赔偿条款的创设;多种解决争议的方式的设计等。贯彻特别保护原则,必须注重系统保护,掌握适度原则。