Impact of Implementing 1991 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants in China

The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.

Research on Key Points of Design of Standard Plants in Modern Industrial Parks Under the Background of Promoting the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

With the progress of science and technology and the acceleration of industrialization,the modern industrial park is an important carrier of industrial development.The importance of its standard plant design has become increasingly prominent.With the development of new quality productive forces as the background,this research deeply discusses the key points of standard plant design in modern industrial parks.This paper uses literature review and case analysis to systematically analyze the important role of standard plant design in developing new quality productive forces in modern industrial parks and puts forward suggestions for optimizing design.It is found that the rationality,intelligence,and environmental protection of plant design are the key factors affecting the development of new quality productive forces.The paper summarizes the core points of modern industrial park standard plant design to provide a reference for the future development of related industries.

Farmers' Privilege under the Protection of New Plant Varieties

This paper studies farmers'privilege under the protection of new plant varieties,and points out that farmers'privilege is given to balance interests of plant breeders and relevant public.Based on this,it analyzes shortcomings of farmers'privilege regulations,and puts forward that it is required to improve farmers'privilege regulations in subjects,objects and contents of rights on the basis of learning from advanced legislation experience of foreign countries,and build the interest sharing mechanism between breeders and farmers.

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Problems of New Plant Variety Protection System in China and Countermeasures

Protection of new plant varieties has been long neglected in China, which has already restricted agricultural technological renovation, and influenced export of Chinese agricultural products. The current scientific and technological management system is not favorable for the output of right of new plant variety, and high cost of protecting new plant varieties directly results in agricultural researchers' ignorance of right of new plant variety. Major causes were concluded as poor intellectual property awareness of peasants and agricultural researchers, government-arranged system for agricultural scientific and technological management, and hardship in safeguarding intellectual property due to the particularity of agricultural technology. In view of these problems, Chinese agricultural scientific and technological management system should be reformed, protection system of new plant varieties improved, more efforts devoted in protecting the right of new plant variety and also the owners' interest.

Protection of the Geographical Indication Right and New Plant Variety Right of Green Chinese Onion in China

Geographical indication right and new plant variety right are important agricultural intellectual property.This article researches the current situation on protection of geographical indication right of green Chinese onion resources and new plant variety right.And it puts forward the following measures for improvement:(i)Promoting the implementation of geographical indication product protection based on the national quality system;(ii)Establishing the national quality standards of geographical indication green Chinese onion,in order to improve quality standardization;(iii)Encouraging more enterprises within the scope of protection of geographical indication to use special signs of geographical indication;(iv)Unifying the green Chinese onion brands within the scope of protection of geographical indication;(v)Achieving the dual protection of geographical indication right and new variety right of green Chinese onion;(vi)Developing the tourism resources on geographical indication green Chinese onion,to develop tourism agriculture.

Electron Beam Desulfurization Project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant Started Construction - A new cooperation in environment protection between China and Japan

On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project in power plants in the world, and is jointly constructed by Sichuan Electric Power Bureau and the EBARA Works of Japan, This is an important cooperation project in environment protection between

Research on Intellectual Property Rights Protection of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in China

On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example,to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows:the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak;the system of laws and regulations is not sound;the protection system is not perfect;the management system lacks standardization.It further puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as follows:promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society;enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources;improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources;strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.

Preparation of the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability–Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability （DUS） testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection （PVP） and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder＇s Rights （PBR）. DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, originated from Yunnan Province, China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants （UPOV） DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this article, the subject, selection, and determination of characteristics, states of expression of characteristics and the selection of example varieties, assessment of the UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, the proposal of PVP for tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.

The Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Implementing Effects of Plant Breeders' Rights(PBR)System in China

The implementing effects of plant breeders＇ rights（PBR）system is influenced by many factors,such as knowledge of the PBR system,the expense of time for the application and approval,the cost of the applying case,etc..Statistical analysis was carried out based on the above influencing factors by means of questionnaire to find out specific reasons.The result suggests that weak propagandizing;inappropriate propagandizing patterns and obstructed approaches for new regulations are all negatively contributing to the PBR.Meanwhile,current PBR system in China which has been found with many irrational aspects affected the impractical design of regulatory operation and the examining efficiency.Lastly,several suggestions were offered on the base of the results.

2003~2021年新疆农业植物新品种申请量与授权量对比分析

【目的】分析新疆农业植物新品种权申请和授权现状并比较。【方法】收集和汇总2003~2021年间新疆农业植物新品种权申请授权数据,比较分析新品种权申请量与授权量变化。【结果】2021年12月底,新疆农业植物新品种累计公告申请量达470件,公告授权总量达154件,授权申请比为0.33。2003~2021年间新疆主要农作物申请品种审定718件,其中申请小麦品种审定105件,占14.62%;申请玉米品种审定253件,占35.24%;申请水稻品种审定59件,占8.22%;申请棉花品种审定259件,占36.07%;申请大豆品种审定42件,占5.85%;申请品种权保护的数量远不如申请审定的数量。【结论】种子企业和农业科研院所是新疆农业植物新品种申请的主要机构,2003~2021年,两者申请量占新疆总申请量的95.94%。其中企业申请量为282件,占60%;新疆植物新品种权按申请量排名,在全国31个省(区、市)中位居第24位,按授权量排名,在全国31个省(区、市)中位居第26位,按主要农作物审定数量排名,在全国31个省(区、市)中位居第21位。

茶树新品系‘福茗2号’区域试验报告

【目的】选育早生、高产、高香茶树新品种,满足消费需求的多样化。【方法】以‘黄棪’为对照,在福建福安、松溪、福州3个区试点对‘福茗2号’新品系的种植成活率、物候期(一芽一叶、一芽二叶和一芽三叶期)、鲜叶产量、制茶品质、抗性等方面进行为期6年(2016—2021年)的茶树品种区域试验。【结果】‘福茗2号’新品系种植成活率高,达89%以上;物候期比对照早1~2 d;鲜叶产量比对照高5%左右;制乌龙茶品质比对照高出0.5~1.1分;耐寒、耐旱性强,茶炭疽病和茶小绿叶蝉抗性均表现为抗。【结论】‘福茗2号’是一个早生、高产、优质、高抗的乌龙茶新品种,适宜在福建福安、松溪、福州及相似乌龙茶地区种植和推广应用。

新农科背景下植物医生特长班建设模式探索

新农科建设适应了农业现代化发展的需要,适应了高等农林教育发展改革的需要。在新农科建设背景下,植物保护专业的人才培养面临新的机遇和挑战。本文对植物保护与植物医学的发展现状进行分析,以植物医生特长班为平台,对其建设思路进行分析,并探讨植物医生特长班建设模式,具体包括植物医生特长班总体设计、培养方案制定、教学团队建设、一流课程资源建设和虚拟仿真实验教学基地建设等方面,为新农科建设人才培养提供参考。

植物新品种权非法代繁侵权行为分析——基于(2020)最高法知民终428号判决书分析

种子是农业的芯片,植物新品种权是保护育种创新的一项重要知识产权,而非法代繁侵权行为是侵害植物新品种权的一种典型行为。对最高人民法院发布的种业知识产权典型案例之一——(2020)最高法知民终428号案件分析发现,我国司法实践过程中仍然存在侵权主体混杂、行为隐蔽、取证困难和赔偿数额认定难等复杂问题。因此,需通过行政和司法合力保护、科学分配举证责任、法定赔偿和惩罚性赔偿相结合的完善对策来纾解困境。

脉动燃烧器研究进展及其在病虫害防治中的应用

目前,Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器被广泛应用且前景良好。其具有环保节能、燃烧效率高、传热特性佳、热效率高以及排放污染少等诸多优点。将Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器应用于病虫害防治装备的研制,对稳定作物生产、提高作物品质、增加种植效益以及发展科学植保和绿色植保具有重要意义,有助于保障生态可持续。概述Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器的工作原理,梳理脉动燃烧器的研究发展现状,总结Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器在病虫害防治方面的应用研究。目前便携式脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备存在人机工程学缺陷、土壤蒸汽消毒机热动力源耦合关系不明确、脉动燃烧机理研究不够深入且脉动燃烧器结构简单、装备智能化程度低等问题。提出应用现代化技术研究脉动燃烧机理,研制脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备新型结构与机型,运用智能化、现代化技术开发大型车载式病虫害防治机械,发展脉动燃烧病虫害防治机械智能控制模块的发展对策。

植物新品种申请权可质押性研究——基于质押客体要件分析

【目的】植物新品种申请权作为一项独立的权利,可以为权利人提供全新的融资渠道。研究植物新品种申请权的可质押性,为相关法律修订提供参考,以期解决现实中“有技术、无资金”的种业企业困境。【方法】采用文献研究法,对植物新品种申请权可质押性肯定说和否定说进行归纳总结,从质押客体要件视角进行分析。【结果】由于植物新品种申请权具有相应的经济价值,且符合质押客体要件,因此植物新品种申请权具有可质押性。【结论】应当根据植物新品种申请权的特性,在现有法律规定下细化植物新品种申请权的质押路径。

新农科背景下植物化学保护课程“一优二转三创”改革研究与实践

对新农科背景下植物保护专业核心课程——植物化学保护开展“一优二转三创”教学改革的实例和成果进行了总结。通过优化课程内容、转变考核体系和评价机制、创新教学模式与手段,补齐了传统植物化学保护课程的授课短板。通过以上措施提高了学生的学习能力和实践能力,培养了学生“尚德崇学、稼穑厚生”的情怀,实现了价值引领、知识传授、能力培养的有机统一,为新农科背景下农科高等院校课程改革提供了借鉴。

红豆草品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南的研制

植物品种DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试是植物新品种审定、登记的必要环节。DUS测试指南是品种审定机构开展DUS测试的基本依据。本研究按照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7植物新品种测试指南的研制》规定的程序要求,以90份红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)品种资源为试验材料,在新疆乌鲁木齐开展了两年的田间试验,经过多次同行专家论证修订,完成了红豆草DUS测试指南报批稿。指南规定了红豆草DUS测试的31个测试性状及其观测方法和判定标准,13个标准品种,并详细介绍了红豆草DUS测试指南研制的过程及指南的主要内容。指南的制订为国内红豆草新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性的判定提供了技术依据,对加强我国红豆草新品种保护具有重要意义,为红豆草产业健康发展提供技术保障。

新时期水稻新品种保护和DUS测试现状与问题探讨

分析了1999—2022年我国水稻新品种保护申请量和授权量,阐述了我国新品种保护和DUS测试的发展现状,剖析了该行业存在的问题,进而提出了加强水稻新品种保护和优化DUS测试的对策建议,以期为新时期我国水稻新品种保护和DUS规范测试提供有益参考。

CPTPP框架下新西兰2022年《植物品种权法》评析及启示

在《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)框架下,根据国际贸易拓展与规则制定、遗传资源和传统知识保护的需要,新西兰于2022年修订《植物品种权法》并于2023年正式生效。其核心主张主要包括:扩大品种权保护范围、建立毛利植物品种委员会、完善强制许可制度以及明晰过渡性衔接规定。该法在国际植物新品种保护公约(UPOV)1991文本的基础上进一步实现了保护遗传资源相关传统知识和促进育种创新成果流动等多重价值,较好对接了CPTPP的有关规定。中国已启动加入CPTPP程序,并着手修订《植物新品种保护条例》以履行协定规定的义务,但仍存在完善空间。借鉴新西兰的实践经验,中国可从整合利用国际技术资源、完善品种权申请费用和强制交叉许可规定、健全繁殖材料获取机制与农民品种保护制度三方面进一步优化相关规定,在提升中国种业知识产权保护水平的同时,实现国内规则与高标准国际经贸规则的良性对接,为推动种业国际交流合作、促进种业振兴提供制度支持。