Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins （PN） and polysaccharides （PS） in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their rela...Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins （PN） and polysaccharides （PS） in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability （as determined by capillary suction time, CST）. The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four fractions： （1） slime, （2） loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances （LB-EPS）, （3） tightly bound EPS （TB-EPS）, and （4） pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet （80.7%） and TB-EPS （9.6%） fractions, while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction, but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340-450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was affected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was affected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions （except slime）.展开更多
The aim of this study was to detect the size changes of reverse micelles after extraction of peanut protein and their forward extraction rates. Factors that affect the size of reverse micelles and the extraction of pe...The aim of this study was to detect the size changes of reverse micelles after extraction of peanut protein and their forward extraction rates. Factors that affect the size of reverse micelles and the extraction of peanut protein were also investigated. The size of reverse micelles and the size changes were measured according to the theory of dynamic light scattering under different conditions such as different sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) concentrations, p H values, ion concentrations, and salt species.With the increase of AOT surfactant concentrations in a certain range, the size of empty and full reverse micelles increased and the forward extraction rate decreased. The effect of pH on empty reverse micelles was not significant. However, the effect of pH on the full reverse micelle size and forward extraction rate were significant. Its forward extraction rate increased to the maximum39.6% at pH 7.5. The increase of the salt concentration of a buffer solution in a certain range decreased the size of empty and full reverse micelles and reduced the forward extraction rate of peanut protein. Ionic species had important effects on reverse micelles and peanut protein extraction. An increase in the amount of buffer solution enlarged the empty reverse micelle size in 0.03%-0.11%(V/V). However, it did not translate to a larger reverse micelle size. The size of the empty reverse micelles containing K_2SO_2 reached 24.1 nm with a 0.19%(V/V) buffer solution added. The sizes of the full reverse micelles were larger than those of the empty reverse micelles after forward extraction. However, maximum sizes were achieved with the addition of a 0.03%(V/V) buffer solution. The amount of 0.03%(V/V) buffer solution added was appropriate for extracting peanut protein.展开更多
A method for producing size- and shape-con-trolled calcium alginate beads with immobilized proteins was developed. Unlike previous cal-cium alginate bead production methods, pro-tein-immobilized alginate beads with un...A method for producing size- and shape-con-trolled calcium alginate beads with immobilized proteins was developed. Unlike previous cal-cium alginate bead production methods, pro-tein-immobilized alginate beads with uniform shape and sizes less then 20 micrometers in diameter could successfully be produced by using sonic vibration. BSA and FITC-conjugated anti-BSA antibodies were used to confirm pro-tein immobilization in the alginate beads. Pro-tein diffusion from the beads could be reduced to less than 10% by cross-linking the proteins to the alginate with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysul-fosuccinimide (NHSS). The calcium alginate beads could also be arranged freely on a slide glass by using a femtosecond laser.展开更多
N-succinimidyl 4-[18F](fluoromethyl) benzoate for protein labeling was prepared (57%, EOB) in about 30min. Reaction conditions of S18FMB with IgG including pH of solutions, protein concentration, reaction temperature ...N-succinimidyl 4-[18F](fluoromethyl) benzoate for protein labeling was prepared (57%, EOB) in about 30min. Reaction conditions of S18FMB with IgG including pH of solutions, protein concentration, reaction temperature and time were studied. The optimal labeling conditions were: 0.2mg/mL IgG, pH = 7.8-8.5, 25℃, and reaction time 5min.Under these conditions the yield was about 80%. The 18F-labeled protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography.展开更多
Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a nutritionally valuable food and a significant source of income globally. Pumpkin seeds are rich in oil, protein, unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, which are associated with...Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a nutritionally valuable food and a significant source of income globally. Pumpkin seeds are rich in oil, protein, unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, which are associated with improved human health. Understanding the genetic diversity among pumpkin accessions varying in seed nutrition traits is necessary for designing sound breeding strategies for developing superior cultivars. In the current study, 26 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic relatedness among 29 C. pepo accessions varying in seed oil, seed protein, seed-coat phenotype, seed size and fatty acid composition. The SSR markers revealed 102 alleles averaging 3.92 alleles per loci and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.44. Eleven of the markers had a PIC of ≥0.5. Ward dendrogram and principle component analysis based on seed traits grouped the genotypes into two major clusters corresponding to subspecies pepo and texana, with all the reduced-hull accessions grouping within the former. Collectively, this data suggests wide phenotypic (seed traits) and genotypic variation within C. pepo that may be exploited to develop superior reduced-hull cultivars.展开更多
Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, ...Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, water at 120℃, 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution at 25 and 65℃, consecutively. Their chemical components wereanalyzed by using IR, GC, HPLC and ^(13)C-NMR, and some new results were obtained. The four samples GM1, GM2, GM3and GM4 are heteropolysaccharide-prote in complexes, in which, α- (1→3) linked D-glucose is the major monosaccharidewhile galactose, mannose and ribose are the secondary ones. GM5 and GM6 are β-(1→3)-D-glucan-protein complexes. Theprotein content increased from 32% to 69% with the progress of isolation. Weight-average molecu1ar mass M_w and theintrinsic viscosity [η] of the GM samples in 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃ were measured systematically by laserlight scartering (LLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS, and viscometry. The M_w of GM1 to GM6are 35.5, 46.8, 58.9, 41.6, 3.3 and 22.0×10~4, respectively. The conformation and molecular mass of the two fractions of sample GM5 were characterized satisfactorily by SEC-LLS without further fractionation.展开更多
目的在保证喷涂雾化表征均匀性的前提下实现宽幅覆膜,提高覆膜的效率,以期得到均匀一致的大豆蛋白覆膜。方法利用粒度仪测量不同干涉程度下的大豆蛋白液双枪喷涂雾化场的索特平均直径(Sauter Mean Diameter,SMD),利用Spraylink软件处理...目的在保证喷涂雾化表征均匀性的前提下实现宽幅覆膜,提高覆膜的效率,以期得到均匀一致的大豆蛋白覆膜。方法利用粒度仪测量不同干涉程度下的大豆蛋白液双枪喷涂雾化场的索特平均直径(Sauter Mean Diameter,SMD),利用Spraylink软件处理粒度数据,得到粒度数据并对比。结果双枪喷涂喷雾场的SMD随着液压的增大先增大后趋于平稳,随着气压的增大先减小后趋于平稳。当液压分别为0.08 MPa和0.16 MPa时,SMD基本不随偏转程度的变化而变化;当液压为0.24 MPa时,SMD随着偏转程度的增大而增大。双枪喷涂喷雾场的径向SMD从中心到边缘缓慢减小,在干涉区域内的轴向2点粒径基本相等。结论当液压为0.08 MPa、气压为0.24 MPa、偏转角为0°时,SMD相对较小。文中的研究为实现宽幅覆膜奠定了理论基础。展开更多
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA06Z384).
文摘Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins （PN） and polysaccharides （PS） in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability （as determined by capillary suction time, CST）. The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four fractions： （1） slime, （2） loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances （LB-EPS）, （3） tightly bound EPS （TB-EPS）, and （4） pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet （80.7%） and TB-EPS （9.6%） fractions, while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction, but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340-450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was affected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was affected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions （except slime）.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176058,31171790,21376064,31201293)Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Zhengzhou City(ISTTCPZZC)
文摘The aim of this study was to detect the size changes of reverse micelles after extraction of peanut protein and their forward extraction rates. Factors that affect the size of reverse micelles and the extraction of peanut protein were also investigated. The size of reverse micelles and the size changes were measured according to the theory of dynamic light scattering under different conditions such as different sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) concentrations, p H values, ion concentrations, and salt species.With the increase of AOT surfactant concentrations in a certain range, the size of empty and full reverse micelles increased and the forward extraction rate decreased. The effect of pH on empty reverse micelles was not significant. However, the effect of pH on the full reverse micelle size and forward extraction rate were significant. Its forward extraction rate increased to the maximum39.6% at pH 7.5. The increase of the salt concentration of a buffer solution in a certain range decreased the size of empty and full reverse micelles and reduced the forward extraction rate of peanut protein. Ionic species had important effects on reverse micelles and peanut protein extraction. An increase in the amount of buffer solution enlarged the empty reverse micelle size in 0.03%-0.11%(V/V). However, it did not translate to a larger reverse micelle size. The size of the empty reverse micelles containing K_2SO_2 reached 24.1 nm with a 0.19%(V/V) buffer solution added. The sizes of the full reverse micelles were larger than those of the empty reverse micelles after forward extraction. However, maximum sizes were achieved with the addition of a 0.03%(V/V) buffer solution. The amount of 0.03%(V/V) buffer solution added was appropriate for extracting peanut protein.
文摘A method for producing size- and shape-con-trolled calcium alginate beads with immobilized proteins was developed. Unlike previous cal-cium alginate bead production methods, pro-tein-immobilized alginate beads with uniform shape and sizes less then 20 micrometers in diameter could successfully be produced by using sonic vibration. BSA and FITC-conjugated anti-BSA antibodies were used to confirm pro-tein immobilization in the alginate beads. Pro-tein diffusion from the beads could be reduced to less than 10% by cross-linking the proteins to the alginate with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysul-fosuccinimide (NHSS). The calcium alginate beads could also be arranged freely on a slide glass by using a femtosecond laser.
文摘N-succinimidyl 4-[18F](fluoromethyl) benzoate for protein labeling was prepared (57%, EOB) in about 30min. Reaction conditions of S18FMB with IgG including pH of solutions, protein concentration, reaction temperature and time were studied. The optimal labeling conditions were: 0.2mg/mL IgG, pH = 7.8-8.5, 25℃, and reaction time 5min.Under these conditions the yield was about 80%. The 18F-labeled protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography.
文摘Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a nutritionally valuable food and a significant source of income globally. Pumpkin seeds are rich in oil, protein, unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, which are associated with improved human health. Understanding the genetic diversity among pumpkin accessions varying in seed nutrition traits is necessary for designing sound breeding strategies for developing superior cultivars. In the current study, 26 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic relatedness among 29 C. pepo accessions varying in seed oil, seed protein, seed-coat phenotype, seed size and fatty acid composition. The SSR markers revealed 102 alleles averaging 3.92 alleles per loci and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.44. Eleven of the markers had a PIC of ≥0.5. Ward dendrogram and principle component analysis based on seed traits grouped the genotypes into two major clusters corresponding to subspecies pepo and texana, with all the reduced-hull accessions grouping within the former. Collectively, this data suggests wide phenotypic (seed traits) and genotypic variation within C. pepo that may be exploited to develop superior reduced-hull cultivars.
基金This work was supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20074025).
文摘Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, water at 120℃, 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution at 25 and 65℃, consecutively. Their chemical components wereanalyzed by using IR, GC, HPLC and ^(13)C-NMR, and some new results were obtained. The four samples GM1, GM2, GM3and GM4 are heteropolysaccharide-prote in complexes, in which, α- (1→3) linked D-glucose is the major monosaccharidewhile galactose, mannose and ribose are the secondary ones. GM5 and GM6 are β-(1→3)-D-glucan-protein complexes. Theprotein content increased from 32% to 69% with the progress of isolation. Weight-average molecu1ar mass M_w and theintrinsic viscosity [η] of the GM samples in 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃ were measured systematically by laserlight scartering (LLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS, and viscometry. The M_w of GM1 to GM6are 35.5, 46.8, 58.9, 41.6, 3.3 and 22.0×10~4, respectively. The conformation and molecular mass of the two fractions of sample GM5 were characterized satisfactorily by SEC-LLS without further fractionation.
