The aim of this study was to determine the plasma levels of vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) and its soluble receptor Axl (sAxl) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acut...The aim of this study was to determine the plasma levels of vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) and its soluble receptor Axl (sAxl) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acute hepatitis (AH), fulminant hepatitis(FH), chronic hepatitis (CH), and liver cirrhosis (LC) and to determine whether Gas6 and sAxl can be used as biomarkers. Immunoassys were used to measure levels of plasma Gas6 and sAxl in 40 patients with HCC, 13 patients with AH, 3 patients with FH, 7 patients with LC, and 20 healthy normal adult controls (NC). Furthermore, urinary γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. We have addressed this issue by conducting a cross-sectional study to determine whether plasma Gas6 and sAxl levels are associated with DCP, urinary γ-Gla, and liver functions in humans. Levels of Gas6, sAxl, and γ-Gla were significantly higher in HCC as compared to those in NC, and they were significantly positive correlated. Gas6/sAxl molar ratios in HCC were significantly higher than in NC, but those ratios in AH, FH, and LC were significantly lower in NC. Furthermore, Gas6/sAxl molar ratios in HCC increased significantly in comparison with those AH and LC. The increase of Gas6, sAxl and Gas6/sAxl molar ratio were correlated with the progression and poor prognosis of HCC. Thus, Gas6 and sAxl may be useful biomarkers for HCC.展开更多
This study investigated the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture therapy for vascular dementia through electroacupuncture at the acupoints of Baihui （DU20）, Dazhui （DU14）, and bilateral Shenshu （BL23） in a ra...This study investigated the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture therapy for vascular dementia through electroacupuncture at the acupoints of Baihui （DU20）, Dazhui （DU14）, and bilateral Shenshu （BL23） in a rat model of vascular dementia produced by bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Morris water maze test showed that electroacupuncture improved the learning ability of vascular dementia rats. Western blot assay revealed that the expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in vascular dementia rats was significantly increased after electroacupuncture, compared with the model group that was not treated with acupuncture. The average escape latency was also shortened after electroacupuncture, and escape strategies in the spatial probe test improved from edge and random searches, to linear and trending swim pathways. The experimental findings indicate that electroacupuncture improves learning and memory ability by up-regulating expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.展开更多
Objective: To survey the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in the pathogenesis of several hematopoietic malignancies. Methods: By reviewing the published laboratory and clinical studies on PTK-related oncoprotei...Objective: To survey the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in the pathogenesis of several hematopoietic malignancies. Methods: By reviewing the published laboratory and clinical studies on PTK-related oncoproteins and their causative role in some leukemias and lymphomas. Results: Protein tyrosine kinases are key participants in signal transduction pathways that regulate cellular growth, activation and differentiations. Aberrant PTK activity resulting from gene mutation (often accompanying chromosome translocation) plays an etiologic role in several clonal hematopoietic malignancies. For example, the PTK product of the BCR-ABL fusion gene resulting from the t (9; 22) translocation exhibits several fold higher tyrosine kinase activity than the product of the ABL gene. Evidence suggests that the BCR-ABL oncoprotein alone is sufficient to case chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and other Ph positive acute leukemia. PTK over-activity resulting from chromosomal translocations creating TEL-ABL, TEL-JAK2 and TEL-PDGFRβ fusion proteins plays an important role in the pathogenesis of other types of leukemia. Another example occurs in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Experimental and clinical evidences indicate that translocations involving ALK gene on chromosome 2p23, most commonly resulting in an NPM-ALK fusion oncogene, result in constitutive activation of ALK and cause ALCL. This group of lymphomas is now named ALK positive lymphoma or ALKoma. Conclusion: Genetic lesions creating aberrant fusion proteins that result in excessive PTK activity are increasingly being recognized as central to the pathogenesis of hemotopoietic malignancies. These chimeric PTK molecules represent attractive disease-specific targets against which new classes therapeutic agents are being developed.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the regulation effect of protein kinase A on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in myeloma cells. Methods: Two human myeloma cell lines-Sko-007 and U266 were pretreated with Forskolin, a protein k...Objective: To investigate the regulation effect of protein kinase A on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in myeloma cells. Methods: Two human myeloma cell lines-Sko-007 and U266 were pretreated with Forskolin, a protein kinase A antagonist, and then stimulated by IL-6. The activation state of STAT3 in these two cells were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: Although PKA pathway itself doesn’t participate in IL-6 signal transduction in Sko-007 and U266 cells, activation of protein kinase A can inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in these two cell lines. Conclusion: There exists an inhibitory effect of protein kinase A on STAT3 activation in human myeloma cells treated by IL-6.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effects of γ-irradiation on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and role of intracellular calcium in this event in intestinal epithelial cell line 6 (IEC-6 cells). Methods: After cultu...Objective: To explore the effects of γ-irradiation on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and role of intracellular calcium in this event in intestinal epithelial cell line 6 (IEC-6 cells). Methods: After cultured rat IIEC-6 cells with or without the pretreatment of intracellular Ca2+ chelator were exposed to Y-ir-radiation of 6 Gy, the total and phosphorylated MAPKs in the cells were determined with Western blotting and apoptosis was examined with flow cytometry. Activities of Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK were determined by using immuoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. Results: In response to γ-irradiation, phosphorylation of ERK was not significantly observed, while the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK were increased in 30 min and reached the peak 2 h after exposure to 6 Gy γ-irradiation, though the cell viability was significantly lowered 12 h. On the other hand, no obvious changes were seen in the total protein levels of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ almost completely suppressed the JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by γ-irradia-tion, but removal of external Ca2+ had no such effect. Activation of p38 MAPK, but not of ERK, was seen to have a correlation with γ-irradiation induced apoptosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that γ-irradiation is a potent activator for JNK and p38 MAPK, and Ca2+ mobilized from intracellular stores plays an important role in the activation of MAPKs and the induction of apoptosis in IEC-6 cells.展开更多
就近年来白细胞介素6/非受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子3(interleukin-6/janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,IL-6/JAK/STAT3)信号通路在多种消化系统肿瘤中发挥的效应、中药单体...就近年来白细胞介素6/非受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子3(interleukin-6/janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,IL-6/JAK/STAT3)信号通路在多种消化系统肿瘤中发挥的效应、中药单体及其活性成分、中药复方对与IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路调控有关的消化系统肿瘤中的防治作用进行综述,探究中医药在延缓、阻抑甚至逆转炎-癌转化中发挥的作用,为防治肿瘤提供更有力的理论指导。展开更多
Spinal cord injury typically causes corticospinal tract disruption. Although the disrupted corticospinal tract can self-regenerate to a certain degree, the underlying mechanism of this process is still unclear. N6-met...Spinal cord injury typically causes corticospinal tract disruption. Although the disrupted corticospinal tract can self-regenerate to a certain degree, the underlying mechanism of this process is still unclear. N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A) modifications are the most common form of epigenetic regulation at the RNA level and play an essential role in biological processes. However, whether m^(6)A modifications participate in corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal cord injury remains unknown. We found that expression of methyltransferase 14 protein(METTL14) in the locomotor cortex was high after spinal cord injury and accompanied by elevated m^(6)A levels. Knockdown of Mettl14 in the locomotor cortex was not favorable for corticospinal tract regeneration and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. Through bioinformatics analysis and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that METTL14 regulated Trib2 expression in an m^(6)A-regulated manner, thereby activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and promoting corticospinal tract regeneration. Finally, we administered syringin, a stabilizer of METTL14, using molecular docking. Results confirmed that syringin can promote corticospinal tract regeneration and facilitate neurological recovery by stabilizing METTL14. Findings from this study reveal that m^(6)A modification is involved in the regulation of corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>...Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></sup></span>) is a cell cycle inhibitor of both CDK4 and CDK6. In 2017, abemaciclib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in 2018 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR<sup>+</sup>), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></sup></span></sup>) advanced breast cancer. In this mini-review, we provide a series of information for respectively their targets and its selectivity, results on preclinical trial, clinical phase I, II and III trials, and some perspectives. We also describe the batch and flow steps used for the synthesis of this cancer drug.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the plasma levels of vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) and its soluble receptor Axl (sAxl) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acute hepatitis (AH), fulminant hepatitis(FH), chronic hepatitis (CH), and liver cirrhosis (LC) and to determine whether Gas6 and sAxl can be used as biomarkers. Immunoassys were used to measure levels of plasma Gas6 and sAxl in 40 patients with HCC, 13 patients with AH, 3 patients with FH, 7 patients with LC, and 20 healthy normal adult controls (NC). Furthermore, urinary γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. We have addressed this issue by conducting a cross-sectional study to determine whether plasma Gas6 and sAxl levels are associated with DCP, urinary γ-Gla, and liver functions in humans. Levels of Gas6, sAxl, and γ-Gla were significantly higher in HCC as compared to those in NC, and they were significantly positive correlated. Gas6/sAxl molar ratios in HCC were significantly higher than in NC, but those ratios in AH, FH, and LC were significantly lower in NC. Furthermore, Gas6/sAxl molar ratios in HCC increased significantly in comparison with those AH and LC. The increase of Gas6, sAxl and Gas6/sAxl molar ratio were correlated with the progression and poor prognosis of HCC. Thus, Gas6 and sAxl may be useful biomarkers for HCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81001541
文摘This study investigated the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture therapy for vascular dementia through electroacupuncture at the acupoints of Baihui （DU20）, Dazhui （DU14）, and bilateral Shenshu （BL23） in a rat model of vascular dementia produced by bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Morris water maze test showed that electroacupuncture improved the learning ability of vascular dementia rats. Western blot assay revealed that the expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in vascular dementia rats was significantly increased after electroacupuncture, compared with the model group that was not treated with acupuncture. The average escape latency was also shortened after electroacupuncture, and escape strategies in the spatial probe test improved from edge and random searches, to linear and trending swim pathways. The experimental findings indicate that electroacupuncture improves learning and memory ability by up-regulating expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.
基金This work was partially supported by a grant from World Health Organization Fellowship (XS) (WPRO AWARD No. 0008/99).
文摘Objective: To survey the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in the pathogenesis of several hematopoietic malignancies. Methods: By reviewing the published laboratory and clinical studies on PTK-related oncoproteins and their causative role in some leukemias and lymphomas. Results: Protein tyrosine kinases are key participants in signal transduction pathways that regulate cellular growth, activation and differentiations. Aberrant PTK activity resulting from gene mutation (often accompanying chromosome translocation) plays an etiologic role in several clonal hematopoietic malignancies. For example, the PTK product of the BCR-ABL fusion gene resulting from the t (9; 22) translocation exhibits several fold higher tyrosine kinase activity than the product of the ABL gene. Evidence suggests that the BCR-ABL oncoprotein alone is sufficient to case chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and other Ph positive acute leukemia. PTK over-activity resulting from chromosomal translocations creating TEL-ABL, TEL-JAK2 and TEL-PDGFRβ fusion proteins plays an important role in the pathogenesis of other types of leukemia. Another example occurs in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Experimental and clinical evidences indicate that translocations involving ALK gene on chromosome 2p23, most commonly resulting in an NPM-ALK fusion oncogene, result in constitutive activation of ALK and cause ALCL. This group of lymphomas is now named ALK positive lymphoma or ALKoma. Conclusion: Genetic lesions creating aberrant fusion proteins that result in excessive PTK activity are increasingly being recognized as central to the pathogenesis of hemotopoietic malignancies. These chimeric PTK molecules represent attractive disease-specific targets against which new classes therapeutic agents are being developed.
基金This work was supported by the national natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39925019)
文摘Objective: To investigate the regulation effect of protein kinase A on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in myeloma cells. Methods: Two human myeloma cell lines-Sko-007 and U266 were pretreated with Forskolin, a protein kinase A antagonist, and then stimulated by IL-6. The activation state of STAT3 in these two cells were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: Although PKA pathway itself doesn’t participate in IL-6 signal transduction in Sko-007 and U266 cells, activation of protein kinase A can inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in these two cell lines. Conclusion: There exists an inhibitory effect of protein kinase A on STAT3 activation in human myeloma cells treated by IL-6.
基金in part by Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 39870239)by the Sasagawa Fellowship,Japan.
文摘Objective: To explore the effects of γ-irradiation on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and role of intracellular calcium in this event in intestinal epithelial cell line 6 (IEC-6 cells). Methods: After cultured rat IIEC-6 cells with or without the pretreatment of intracellular Ca2+ chelator were exposed to Y-ir-radiation of 6 Gy, the total and phosphorylated MAPKs in the cells were determined with Western blotting and apoptosis was examined with flow cytometry. Activities of Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK were determined by using immuoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. Results: In response to γ-irradiation, phosphorylation of ERK was not significantly observed, while the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK were increased in 30 min and reached the peak 2 h after exposure to 6 Gy γ-irradiation, though the cell viability was significantly lowered 12 h. On the other hand, no obvious changes were seen in the total protein levels of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ almost completely suppressed the JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by γ-irradia-tion, but removal of external Ca2+ had no such effect. Activation of p38 MAPK, but not of ERK, was seen to have a correlation with γ-irradiation induced apoptosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that γ-irradiation is a potent activator for JNK and p38 MAPK, and Ca2+ mobilized from intracellular stores plays an important role in the activation of MAPKs and the induction of apoptosis in IEC-6 cells.
文摘就近年来白细胞介素6/非受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子3(interleukin-6/janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,IL-6/JAK/STAT3)信号通路在多种消化系统肿瘤中发挥的效应、中药单体及其活性成分、中药复方对与IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路调控有关的消化系统肿瘤中的防治作用进行综述,探究中医药在延缓、阻抑甚至逆转炎-癌转化中发挥的作用,为防治肿瘤提供更有力的理论指导。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82030071 (to JH),82272495 (to YC)Science and Technology Major Project of Changsha,No.kh2103008 (to JH)Graduate Students’ Independent Innovative Projects of Hunan Province,No.CX20230311 (to YJ)。
文摘Spinal cord injury typically causes corticospinal tract disruption. Although the disrupted corticospinal tract can self-regenerate to a certain degree, the underlying mechanism of this process is still unclear. N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A) modifications are the most common form of epigenetic regulation at the RNA level and play an essential role in biological processes. However, whether m^(6)A modifications participate in corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal cord injury remains unknown. We found that expression of methyltransferase 14 protein(METTL14) in the locomotor cortex was high after spinal cord injury and accompanied by elevated m^(6)A levels. Knockdown of Mettl14 in the locomotor cortex was not favorable for corticospinal tract regeneration and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. Through bioinformatics analysis and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that METTL14 regulated Trib2 expression in an m^(6)A-regulated manner, thereby activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and promoting corticospinal tract regeneration. Finally, we administered syringin, a stabilizer of METTL14, using molecular docking. Results confirmed that syringin can promote corticospinal tract regeneration and facilitate neurological recovery by stabilizing METTL14. Findings from this study reveal that m^(6)A modification is involved in the regulation of corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal cord injury.
文摘Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></sup></span>) is a cell cycle inhibitor of both CDK4 and CDK6. In 2017, abemaciclib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in 2018 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR<sup>+</sup>), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></sup></span></sup>) advanced breast cancer. In this mini-review, we provide a series of information for respectively their targets and its selectivity, results on preclinical trial, clinical phase I, II and III trials, and some perspectives. We also describe the batch and flow steps used for the synthesis of this cancer drug.
