Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Recepto...Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPRs) are a subgroup of PTPs that share a transmembrane domain with resulting similarities in function and target specificity. In this review, we summarize genetic and epigenetic alterations including mutation, deletion, amplification, and promoter methylation of PTPRs in cancer and consider the consequences of PTPR alterations in different types of cancers. We also summarize recent developments using PTPRs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and/or direct targets. Increased understanding of the role of PTPRs in cancer may provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Genome wide association studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2) with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) ...Genome wide association studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2) with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and other inflammatory disorders. Expression of PTPN2 is enhanced in actively inflamed intestinal tissue featuring a marked up-regulation in intestinal epithelial cells. PTPN2 deficient mice suffer from severe intestinal and systemic inflammation and display aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, PTPN2 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory signalling cascades, and critical for protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function, regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, and finally for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. On one hand, dysfunction of PTPN2 has drastic effects on innate host defence mechanisms, including increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limited autophagosome formation in response to invading pathogens, and disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. On the other hand, PTPN2 function is crucial for controlling adaptive immune functions, by regulating T cell proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining T cell tolerance. In this way, dysfunction of PTPN2 contributes to the manifestation of IBD. The aim of this review is to present an overview of recent findings on the role of PTPN2 in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dysfunctional PTPN2 on intestinal inflammation.展开更多
A DNA fragment encoding the intracellular part of tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα designated as RPTPα-2D gene was amplified by PCR from a human prostate cDNA library and cloned into the pT7 E. coli expression vector. The...A DNA fragment encoding the intracellular part of tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα designated as RPTPα-2D gene was amplified by PCR from a human prostate cDNA library and cloned into the pT7 E. coli expression vector. The resulting plasmid pT7-RPTPα-2D was used to transform Rosetta DE3 E. coli cells. RPTPα-2D was predominately expressed in the insoluble inclusion body and was effectively purified using preparative electrophoresis gels. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained after immunization of a rabbit with purified RPTPα-2D. The antibodies displayed a high titer and sensitivity. This study thus provided a valuable tool for further researches on RPTPα.展开更多
Pathologist Virchow has proposed a hypothesis that the origin of tumors comes from chronic inflammation.Clinically,liver tumors can be divided into three types Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type,whic...Pathologist Virchow has proposed a hypothesis that the origin of tumors comes from chronic inflammation.Clinically,liver tumors can be divided into three types Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type,which is closely related to various kinds of inflammation.Studies have shown that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O(PTPRO)is a new type of protein tyrosine phosphatase,which is negatively correlated with tumorigenesis.As a new tumor suppressor protein,PTPRO is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in the future.This paper aims to discuss the mechanism of PTPRO in HCC.展开更多
AIMTo evaluate whether protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) contributed to initiate human retinal pigment epithelium cells (A)-19 migration and investigate the signaling pathways involved in this process.METHODSARP...AIMTo evaluate whether protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) contributed to initiate human retinal pigment epithelium cells (A)-19 migration and investigate the signaling pathways involved in this process.METHODSARPE-19 cells were cultured and treated with the siRNA-PTP1B. Expression of PTP1B was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). AG1478 [a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] and PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase) were used to help to determine the PTP1B signaling mechanism. Western blot analysis verified expression of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in ARPE-19 cells. The effect of siRNA-PTP1B on cell differentiation was confirmed by immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and qRT-PCR. Cell migration ability was analyzed by transwell chamber assay.RESULTSThe mRNA levels of PTP1B were reduced by siRNA-PTP1B as determined by qRT-PCR assay. SiRNA-PTP1B activated EGFR and ERK phosphorylation. α-SMA staining and qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that siRNA-PTP1B induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to differentiate toward better contractility and motility. Transwell chamber assay proved that PTP1B inhibition improved migration activity of RPE cells. Treatment with AG1478 and PD98059 abolished siRNA-PTP1B-induced activation of EGFR and ERK, α-SMA expression and cell migration.CONCLUSIONPTP1B inhibition promoted myofibroblast differentiation and migration of ARPE-19 cells, and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway played important role in migration process.展开更多
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibi...Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.展开更多
背景与目的:蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体D(protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta,PTPRD)和程序性死亡[蛋白]配体-1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)在肝癌组织的异常表达与肿瘤侵袭和转移有关。信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal...背景与目的:蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体D(protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta,PTPRD)和程序性死亡[蛋白]配体-1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)在肝癌组织的异常表达与肿瘤侵袭和转移有关。信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription-3,STAT3)通路在癌症中起着关键作用,影响免疫系统的许多方面,STAT3异常激活与PTPRD和PD-L1的异常表达密切相关,然而PTPRD和PD-L1的相关性目前鲜见文献报道。探讨PTPRD和PD-L1在肝癌组织中的表达相关性,进一步在肝癌细胞中观察PTPRD是否可调控PD-L1。方法:采用免疫组织化学法分析2018年10月-2019年1月广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝二病区收治的原发性肝癌并经手术治疗的16例肝癌患者的肿瘤标本及其癌旁标本中PTPRD和PD-L的蛋白水平,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测同一标本PTPRD和PD-L1 mRNA的表达,分析两者的相关性。采用蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测过表达或沉默PTPRD对PD-L1、STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白水平的影响。采用RTFQ-PCR检测PTPRD过表达对PD-L1转录水平的影响。结果:肝癌组织中PTPRD的表达显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.05),PD-L1表达显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),两者表达呈负相关性(r2=0.275 8,P=0.036 7);PTPRD过表达时,PD-L1、STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白的表达水平下降(P<0.05),PTPRD沉默时,PD-L1的表达增高。结论:PTPRD和PD-L1表达水平在肝癌中呈负相关,PTPRD可能通过STAT3信号通路调节PD-L1的表达。PTPRD有望成为肝癌免疫治疗新靶点。展开更多
目的:探讨非受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶6(non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase 6,PTPN6)基因在不同食管鳞状细胞癌细胞株中的表达及其对Eca109、Yes-2细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法:应用qPCR法检测不同食管鳞癌细胞株(TE1、Eca109...目的:探讨非受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶6(non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase 6,PTPN6)基因在不同食管鳞状细胞癌细胞株中的表达及其对Eca109、Yes-2细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法:应用qPCR法检测不同食管鳞癌细胞株(TE1、Eca109、Kyse150、Kyse170、Yes-2)中PTPN6 m RNA的表达水平,以pcDNA3.1-PTPN6质粒分别瞬时转染食管鳞癌细胞株Eca109和Yes-2,应用qPCR和Wb法检测PTPN6 m RNA和蛋白的表达水平,并应用MTS、克隆形成实验、划痕实验和Transwell法检测过表达PTPN6基因对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。结果:PTPN6基因在5种食管鳞癌细胞侏中表达均明显下调(均P<0.05)。与转染空载体的对照组相比,经pcDNA3.1-PTPN6转染后,Eca109和Yes-2细胞均高水平表达PTPN6(P<0.05或P<0.01);过表达PTPN6基因后,Eca109和Yes-2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均明显被抑制(均P<0.05)。结论:PTPN6基因高表达能抑制食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其可能是影响食管鳞癌细胞生物学特性的一个重要因素。展开更多
Objective To explore the influence of a polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R(PTPRR)gene rs1513105 on abnormal brain activities in resting-state patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)using...Objective To explore the influence of a polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R(PTPRR)gene rs1513105 on abnormal brain activities in resting-state patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)using the gene-imaging technology.Methods 54MDD and 43 gender-,age-,and education-matched con-展开更多
文摘Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPRs) are a subgroup of PTPs that share a transmembrane domain with resulting similarities in function and target specificity. In this review, we summarize genetic and epigenetic alterations including mutation, deletion, amplification, and promoter methylation of PTPRs in cancer and consider the consequences of PTPR alterations in different types of cancers. We also summarize recent developments using PTPRs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and/or direct targets. Increased understanding of the role of PTPRs in cancer may provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches.
基金Supported by Grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNF)to MSGrant No.314730-146204 and No.CRSII3_154488/1(to Rogler G)+2 种基金Grant No.310030-120312the Swiss IBD CohortGrant No.3347CO-108792
文摘Genome wide association studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2) with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and other inflammatory disorders. Expression of PTPN2 is enhanced in actively inflamed intestinal tissue featuring a marked up-regulation in intestinal epithelial cells. PTPN2 deficient mice suffer from severe intestinal and systemic inflammation and display aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, PTPN2 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory signalling cascades, and critical for protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function, regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, and finally for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. On one hand, dysfunction of PTPN2 has drastic effects on innate host defence mechanisms, including increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limited autophagosome formation in response to invading pathogens, and disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. On the other hand, PTPN2 function is crucial for controlling adaptive immune functions, by regulating T cell proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining T cell tolerance. In this way, dysfunction of PTPN2 contributes to the manifestation of IBD. The aim of this review is to present an overview of recent findings on the role of PTPN2 in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dysfunctional PTPN2 on intestinal inflammation.
基金the Scientific Innovation Foundation of Jilin University for Undergraduates(No.2007CX02)
文摘A DNA fragment encoding the intracellular part of tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα designated as RPTPα-2D gene was amplified by PCR from a human prostate cDNA library and cloned into the pT7 E. coli expression vector. The resulting plasmid pT7-RPTPα-2D was used to transform Rosetta DE3 E. coli cells. RPTPα-2D was predominately expressed in the insoluble inclusion body and was effectively purified using preparative electrophoresis gels. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained after immunization of a rabbit with purified RPTPα-2D. The antibodies displayed a high titer and sensitivity. This study thus provided a valuable tool for further researches on RPTPα.
文摘Pathologist Virchow has proposed a hypothesis that the origin of tumors comes from chronic inflammation.Clinically,liver tumors can be divided into three types Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type,which is closely related to various kinds of inflammation.Studies have shown that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O(PTPRO)is a new type of protein tyrosine phosphatase,which is negatively correlated with tumorigenesis.As a new tumor suppressor protein,PTPRO is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in the future.This paper aims to discuss the mechanism of PTPRO in HCC.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2012HQ004)the Research Fund for Fundamental Research Project of Qingdao(No.13-1-4-180-jch)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Huangdao District of Qingdao City(No.2014-1-74)the Young People Scientific Research Fund of Affiliated Hospital,Qingdao University(No.QDFY134)
文摘AIMTo evaluate whether protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) contributed to initiate human retinal pigment epithelium cells (A)-19 migration and investigate the signaling pathways involved in this process.METHODSARPE-19 cells were cultured and treated with the siRNA-PTP1B. Expression of PTP1B was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). AG1478 [a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] and PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase) were used to help to determine the PTP1B signaling mechanism. Western blot analysis verified expression of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in ARPE-19 cells. The effect of siRNA-PTP1B on cell differentiation was confirmed by immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and qRT-PCR. Cell migration ability was analyzed by transwell chamber assay.RESULTSThe mRNA levels of PTP1B were reduced by siRNA-PTP1B as determined by qRT-PCR assay. SiRNA-PTP1B activated EGFR and ERK phosphorylation. α-SMA staining and qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that siRNA-PTP1B induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to differentiate toward better contractility and motility. Transwell chamber assay proved that PTP1B inhibition improved migration activity of RPE cells. Treatment with AG1478 and PD98059 abolished siRNA-PTP1B-induced activation of EGFR and ERK, α-SMA expression and cell migration.CONCLUSIONPTP1B inhibition promoted myofibroblast differentiation and migration of ARPE-19 cells, and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway played important role in migration process.
基金a Ph D fellowship by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciência Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/135868/2018)(to SSC)。
文摘Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
文摘目的:探讨非受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶6(non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase 6,PTPN6)基因在不同食管鳞状细胞癌细胞株中的表达及其对Eca109、Yes-2细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法:应用qPCR法检测不同食管鳞癌细胞株(TE1、Eca109、Kyse150、Kyse170、Yes-2)中PTPN6 m RNA的表达水平,以pcDNA3.1-PTPN6质粒分别瞬时转染食管鳞癌细胞株Eca109和Yes-2,应用qPCR和Wb法检测PTPN6 m RNA和蛋白的表达水平,并应用MTS、克隆形成实验、划痕实验和Transwell法检测过表达PTPN6基因对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。结果:PTPN6基因在5种食管鳞癌细胞侏中表达均明显下调(均P<0.05)。与转染空载体的对照组相比,经pcDNA3.1-PTPN6转染后,Eca109和Yes-2细胞均高水平表达PTPN6(P<0.05或P<0.01);过表达PTPN6基因后,Eca109和Yes-2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均明显被抑制(均P<0.05)。结论:PTPN6基因高表达能抑制食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其可能是影响食管鳞癌细胞生物学特性的一个重要因素。
文摘Objective To explore the influence of a polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R(PTPRR)gene rs1513105 on abnormal brain activities in resting-state patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)using the gene-imaging technology.Methods 54MDD and 43 gender-,age-,and education-matched con-
