Study of Complex Nitrogen and Oxygen-bearing Molecules toward the High-mass Protostar IRAS 18089–1732

The observation of oxygen(O)-and nitrogen(N)-bearing molecules gives an idea about the complex prebiotic chemistry in the interstellar medium.Recent millimeter and submillimeter wavelength observations have shown the presence of complex O-and N-bearing molecules in the star formation regions.So,the investigation of those molecules is crucial to understanding the chemical complexity in the star-forming regions.In this article,we present the identification of the rotational emission lines of N-bearing molecules ethyl cyanide(C_(2)H_(5)CN)and cyanoacetylene(HC_(3)N),and O-bearing molecule methyl formate(CH_(3)OCHO)toward high-mass protostar IRAS18089–1732 using the Atacama Compact Array.We also detected the emission lines of both the N-and O-bearing molecule formamide(NH_(2)CHO)in the envelope of IRAS 18089–1732.We have detected the v=0 and 1 state rotational emission lines of CH_(3)OCHO.We also detected the two vibrationally excited states of HC_(3)N(v7=1 and v7=2).The estimated fractional abundances of C_(2)H_(5)CN,HC_(3)N(v7=1),HC_(3)N(v7=2),and NH_(2)CHO toward IRAS 18089–1732 are(1.40±0.5)×10^(-10),(7.5±0.7)×10^(-11),(3.1±0.4)×10^(-11),and(6.25±0.82)×10^(-11)respectively.Similarly,the estimated fractional abundances of CH_(3)OCHO(v=0)and CH_(3)OCHO(v=1)are(1.90±0.9)×10^(-9)and(8.90±0.8)×10^(-10),respectively.We also created the integrated emission maps of the detected molecules,and the observed molecules may have originated from the extended envelope of the protostar.We show that C_(2)H_(5)CNand HC_(3)N are most probably formed via the subsequential hydrogenation of the CH_(2)CHCNand the reaction between C_(2)H_(2)and CN on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.We found that NH_(2)CHO is probably produced due to the reaction between NH_(2)and H_(2)CO in the gas phase.Similarly,CH_(3)OCHO is possibly created via the reaction between radical CH_(3)O and radical HCO on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.

一种用于PROTOS 2-2(MAX)接装纸胶带架的设计

为解决PROTOS 2-2(MAX)在生产新版玉溪和谐卷烟时接装纸搭接不上的问题,我们根据PROTOS 2-2的机器情况设计发明了一种接装纸搭接的胶带架,使新版玉溪和谐的接装纸可以顺利搭接。

Observation of Complex Organic Molecules Containing Peptide-like Bonds Toward Hot Core G358.93-0.03 MM1

In star formation regions,the complex organic molecules(COMs)that contain peptide bonds(-NH-C(=O)-)play a major role in the metabolic process because-NH-C(=O)-is connected to amino acids(R-CHNH_2-COOH).Over the past few decades,many COMs containing peptide-like bonds have been detected in hot molecular cores(HMCs),hot corinos,and cold molecular clouds,however,their prebiotic chemistry is poorly understood.We present the first detection of the rotational emission lines of formamide(NH_2CHO)and isocyanic acid(HNCO),which contain peptide-like bonds toward the chemically rich HMC G358.93-0.03 MM1,using high-resolution and high-sensitivity Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array bands 6 and 7.We estimate that the column densities of NH_2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are(2.80±0.29)×10~(15)cm~(-2)and(1.80±0.42)×10~(16)cm~(-2)with excitation temperatures of 165±21 K and 170±32 K,respectively.The fractional abundances of NH_2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are(9.03±1.44)×10~(-10)and(5.80±2.09)×10^(-9).We compare the estimated abundances of NH_2CHO and HNCO with the existing threephase warm-up chemical model abundance values and notice that the observed and modeled abundances are very close.We conclude that NH_2CHO is produced by the reaction of NH_2and H_2CO in the gas phase toward G358.93-0.03 MM1.Likewise,HNCO is produced on the surface of grains by the reaction of NH and CO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1.We also find that NH_2CHO and HNCO are chemically linked toward G358.93-0.03 MM1.

Gamma-ray Emission from the γ-ray-loud BL Lac Objects

Using the HST observation data of BL Lac objects by Urry et al. and γ-ray observation data, we find that there is a correlation between Fγ and Fonuclei forγ-ray-loud BL Lac objects (correlation coefficients: 7γ=0.63,p = 4.0 × 10-2), but no correlation between Fγ and Fohost, where Fonuclei and Fohost are the fluxes of nuclei and host galaxy in V-band. For 19γ-ray-loud BL Lac objects with observed spectral index in multi-wavebands, the spectral index correlations between any two bands are as follow: (1) there is a strong correlation between aγ and aK for 15 BL Lac objects(γ = 0.84,p = 3.11 × 10-4); (2) the correlation between aγ and ao for 12 BL Lac objects isγ = 0.82, p = 1.5 × 10-3; (3) there is no correlation between a7 and ax for 16 BL Lac objects. The results, together with characteristic double-humped shape of their SEDs, show that the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism might be a main mechanism for theγ-ray emission of the BL Lac objects. The electrons emitting JR and optical radiation via synchrotron are also responsible for upscattering these photons toγ-rays, and a variability in IR-optical regime should be accompanied by a change in theγ-rays.

A Study of the Energy Sources of Herbig-Haro Objects

We make a statistical study of the energy sources of high-velocity phenomena, Herbig-Haro (HH) objects. IRAS counterparts of HH objects are identified. Their colors, brightness, geometric relation to the RH objects and SED are analysed. The sources are found to be concentrated in a band-shaped region in the IRAS color-color diagram. We suggest an explanation of thick surrounding material for this distribution. We propose a new method for identifying the energy sources based on color arid brightness. This method is applied to more than 200 HR objects whose energy sources are still unknown. Finally, a group of very young stellar object candidates which have similar properties to the RH energy sources is picked out. Their large-scale distribution is discussed.

PROTOS2-2卷接机组蜘蛛手机构抓烟速度计算与掉丝测试

为研究烟支交接系统中蜘蛛手机构抓烟与掉丝之间的关系,基于PROTOS2-2超高速卷接机组烟支交接原理,建立了蜘蛛手机构的解析模型和数值模型,分别计算了蜘蛛手抓烟时吸爪速度、烟支速度及二者的速度差。结果表明:1解析模型和数值模型的计算结果具有较好的一致性。2随生产速度增大,抓烟时吸爪与烟支的速度差逐渐增大,两者呈线性关系。根据计算公式提出了增加行星轮系的基圆半径进而减小速度差的设计方法。3通过抓烟试验,验证了解析模型和数值模型计算分析的正确性,生产速度越高,掉丝现象越严重。

PROTOS1-8卷接机组水松纸导纸辊轴及支架的改进

为解决PROTOS1-8卷接机组生产印刷、烫金亮光型水松纸细支卷烟牌号时易出现烟支漏气(滤嘴脱落)、翘边等质量缺陷的问题,通过对PROTOS1-8卷接机组水松纸上胶工艺及印刷、烫金亮光型水松纸特点的研究和分析,对水松纸上胶装置处的导纸辊轴及支架进行了改进,实现了增大水松纸上胶时与上胶辊的接触面积和接触时间,使印刷、烫金亮光型水松纸进行充分上胶。以济南卷烟厂的PROTOS1-8卷接机组为对象进行测试,结果表明:导纸辊轴及支架改进后,烟支漏气、翘边等质量缺陷率降低到约0.6%,降低了11.9个百分点,从而保证了烟支接装质量,提高了设备生产效率。

PROTOS2-2高速卷烟机新型卷烟纸在线分切系统研究与应用

针对PROTOS2-2高速卷烟机使用的预切式卷烟纸供给系统进行研究分析,通过改进,研究应用一种新的卷烟纸在线分切系统,由单纸带输送转变为双倍宽纸带输送,提高卷烟纸输送稳定性,进而提高设备效率和产品质量。

Protos2-2型卷接机组接烟鼓轮旋转鼓槽运动分析

用Matlab软件分析了Protos2-2型卷接机组接烟鼓轮旋转鼓槽的运动特点,得到了该运动中的一些相关参量之间的关系,通过对接烟过程中鼓槽与蜘蛛手爪的位置关系分析,从理论上验证了机组工作过程中旋转鼓槽不会与蜘蛛手爪运动发生干涉.该分析方法可为接烟鼓轮改进设计提供指导.

PROTOS1-8现场总线架构分析

PROTOS1-8卷接机组是德国HAUNI公司生产的高速卷接机组,该机组大量采用了总线控制技术和检测技术。通过几种现场总线的结合应用使得执行部件、检测部件及控制组件之间的大量数据得以高速高效的处理的同时使线路简化。掌握几种总线的架构情况将对设备的维护和使用具有重要意义。本文将对该机组中的总线架构及几种总线之间的联系进行分析。

PROTOS2-2高速卷接机组调头轮技术的改进

PROTOS2-2高速卷接机组采用锥齿轮式锥形调头轮技术,安装精度要求高,在高速运行下容易产生磨损和噪声,在烟支交接点存在速度差异,对烟支交接造成较大冲击,容易影响烟支外观质量。为此,对PROTOS2-2卷接机组的调头轮进行了改进。改进后的锥形调头轮:①无凸轮结构,避免了高速旋转下凸轮磨损带来的不利影响;②利用独立伺服电机代替齿轮传动,避免了齿轮结构造成的易磨损、噪声大、安装要求高等问题;③烟支运动控制准确,保证了烟支在调头前后交接柔和平稳。PRO/E动态仿真结果表明,烟支交接速度和伺服电机扭矩均达到了预期设计效果。采用伺服电机驱动的锥形调头轮安装快速,调整方便,可以满足PROTOS2-2卷接机组16000支/m in的生产要求。

Discovery of a variable broad absorption line in the BL Lac object PKS B0138-097

We report the discovery of a broad absorption line （BAL） of - 10^4 km s^-1 in width in the previously known BL Lac object PKS 0138-097, which we tentatively identified as an Mg II BAL. This is the first detection of a BAL, which is sometimes seen in powerful quasars with high accretion rates, in a BL Lac object. The BAL was clearly detected in its spectra spanning two epochs at a high luminosity state taken in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）, while it disappeared in three SDSS spectra taken at a low luminosity state. The BAL and its variability pattern were also found in its historical multi-epoch spectra in the literature, but have been overlooked previously. In its high resolution radio maps, PKS 0138-097 shows a core plus a one- sided parsec-scale jet. The BAL variability can be interpreted as follows： The optical emission is dominated by the core in a high state and by the jet in a low state and the BAL material is located between the core and jet so that the BAL appears only when the core is shining. Our discovery suggests that outflows may also be produced in active galactic nuclei at a low accreting state.

SIMATIC S7-400在PROTOS70电控系统中的应用

为改善PROTOS70型卷接机组陈旧落后的电控系统,取代原机电控系统的集成电路加继电器的控制方式,提高PROTOS70型卷接机组的有效作业率及卷烟质量,采用SIMATIC S7-400 PLC控制技术开发高速卷接机组PROTOS70新型电控系统,通过高速处理模块完成对卷接机在高速运行下的精确控制;用JAVA编写上位机软件,对机组的运行情况进行监控,最终实现PROTOS70卷接机组的高度自动化,使整个控制系统的集成度、运行稳定性和可维护性等都得到了极大的提高。

PROTOS2-2卷烟机总线故障浅析

介绍了PROTOS2-2卷烟机和CAN总线技术,并通过卷烟机的一个CANBUS故障,深入探讨了故障的现象、原因和处理方法,以期能为CANBUS故障处理提供借鉴和参考。

Properties of BL Lac Objects with Redshift ≤ 0.2

We present a large sample which includes 82 BL Lac objects with red- shifts below 0.2 from recent literature. We find strong correlations in both flux and luminosity between the radio (5 GHz) and optical bands (5500 A). The correlations in other bands are very weak. Five TeV BL Lacs and two suspect sources are found to have similar properties as high- frequency- peaked BL Lacs (HBLs). Our results suggest that both the radio and optical emissions are from the same radiation mech- anism in the SSC model. The TeV BL Lac candidates should be HBLs or HBL-like objects with small redshifts.

PROTOS1-8水松纸上胶装置改造

我公司PROTOS1-8卷接机组水松纸上胶采用非同步上胶方式,即水松纸供给速度与上胶线速度不同步,该上胶方式只适合于生产普通和在线激光打孔卷烟产品,无法生产预打孔类水松纸产品。通过改造上胶器传动齿轮、上胶轮、控胶轮、胶缸体及相关附件等措施,将非同步上胶方式改造成同步上胶方式,使水松纸供给速度与上胶轮线速度保持一致。

The BL Lac Object PKS 0537-441: A Lens or Being Lensed?

We present and discuss deep high resolution images taken with the ESO NTT as well as spectra taken with the ESO VLT in the field of the BL Lac object PKS 0537 441. We could neither detect the host galaxy nor a galaxy along the line of sight to the BL Lac as claimed from previous observations. We found 4 nearby companion galaxies which could be a splitted and magnified image of a distant background galaxy. Our VLT spectra, however, rule out this possibility. All 4 companions have similar redshifts as the BL Lac and may (at least in part) trigger the enormous activity in this source. PKS 0537 441 might be located in a galaxy cluster as rich as Abell 1. Alternatively, the BL Lac could also be located in the outskirts of a galaxy cluster or even be projected on a large scale structure as indicated by spectra of 30 galaxies in the field. Either lensing hypothesis (lens or being lensed) is considerably weakened by our observations.

MODS： A Novel Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Combinatorials Problems

This paper states a new metaheuristic based on Deterministic Finite Automata （DFA） for the multi - objective optimization of combinatorial problems. First, a new DFA named Multi - Objective Deterministic Finite Automata （MDFA） is defined. MDFA allows the representation of the feasible solutions space of combinatorial problems. Second, it is defined and implemented a metaheuritic based on MDFA theory. It is named Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping （MODS）. MODS is a local search strategy that works using a MDFA. Due to this, MODS never take into account unfeasible solutions. Hence, it is not necessary to verify the problem constraints for a new solution found. Lastly, MODS is tested using well know instances of the Bi-Objective Traveling Salesman Problem （TSP） from TSPLIB. Its results were compared with eight Ant Colony inspired algorithms and two Genetic algorithms taken from the specialized literature. The comparison was made using metrics such as Spacing, Generational Distance, Inverse Generational Distance and No-Dominated Generation Vectors. In every case, the MODS results on the metrics were always better and in some of those cases, the superiority was 100%.

A synchrotron self-Compton scenario for the very high energy γ-ray emission of the intermediate BL Lacertae object W Comae

W Comae has significant variability in multi-wavelengthes, from radio to gamma-ray bands. A bright outburst in optical and X-ray bands was observed in 1998, and most recently, a strong TeV flare was detected by VERITAS in 2008. It is the first TeV intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae source. I find that both the broadband spectral energy distributions （SEDs） which were quasi-simultaneously obtained during the TeV flare and during the optical/X-ray outburst are well fit by using a single-zone synchrotron ＋ synchrotron-self-Compton model. The satisfactory fitting requires a large beaming factor, i.e., δ- 25 and δ- 20 for the TeV flare and the optical/X-ray outburst, respectively, suggesting that both the optical/X-ray outburst and the TeV flare are from a relativistic jet. The size of the emission region of the TeV flare is three times larger than that of the optical/X-ray outburst, and the strength of the magnetic field for the TeV flare is - 14 times smaller than that of the X-ray/optical outburst, likely indicating that the region of the TeV flare is more distant from the core than that of the X-ray/optical outburst. The inverse Compton component of the TeV flare peaks around 1.3 GeV, but it is around 20 MeV for the X-ray/optical outburst, lower than that for the TeV flare by two orders of magnitude. The model predicts that the optical/X-ray outburst might be accompanied by a strong MeV/GeV emission, but the TeV flare may be not associated with the X-ray/optical outburst. The GeV emission is critical for characterizing the SEDs of the optical/X-ray outburst and the TeV flare. The predicted GeV flux is above the sensitivity of Fermi/LAT, and it could be verified with the observations by Fermi/LAT in the near future.

PROTOS2-2卷接机压纸轮装置结构改进

PROTOS2-2卷接机组生产的卷烟出现搭口胶位宽窄不一、接装纸长短等质量缺陷的频次较高,接装纸压纸轮装置维修频繁。通过分析发现,弹簧式压纸轮装置在运行过程中压纸轮与供纸辊间的压力波动大,弹簧刚度衰减引起压纸轮压力变化及弹簧产生的极限弹力较小是导致以上问题的主要原因。为解决此问题,对压纸轮装置结构进行改进,提出采用气动装置代替弹簧施加压纸轮对供纸辊压力的新技术方案。