基于产业链的中国超高清视频产业SCP分析

我国超高清视频产业已经培育了较为完整的产业链体系,但产业链上游、中游、下游的发展并不均衡。整体上市场集中度高、垄断性强,行业龙头企业在定价、投融资水平等市场行为上的表现更突出,市场绩效也好于中小型企业。通过持续完善全产业生态链,能带动超高清视频产业内部不同环节、不同规模企业的发展,逐步优化市场结构。以行业龙头企业为核心,以集群和平台建设为重点,不断探索数字化条件下的产业组织形式创新和技术创新,能为超高清视频产业提供良好的内外部发展环境,促进产业内部市场行为的合理化和市场绩效的不断优化。

Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the Dresden protocol to customized solutions:theoretical basis

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual impairment.The therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced stages.In keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe procedure.CXL consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks formation.The aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment protocols.Finally,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.

Designing Proportional-Integral Consensus Protocols for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Using Delayed and Memorized State Information

This paper is concerned with consensus of a secondorder linear time-invariant multi-agent system in the situation that there exists a communication delay among the agents in the network.A proportional-integral consensus protocol is designed by using delayed and memorized state information.Under the proportional-integral consensus protocol,the consensus problem of the multi-agent system is transformed into the problem of asymptotic stability of the corresponding linear time-invariant time-delay system.Note that the location of the eigenvalues of the corresponding characteristic function of the linear time-invariant time-delay system not only determines the stability of the system,but also plays a critical role in the dynamic performance of the system.In this paper,based on recent results on the distribution of roots of quasi-polynomials,several necessary conditions for Hurwitz stability for a class of quasi-polynomials are first derived.Then allowable regions of consensus protocol parameters are estimated.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for determining effective protocol parameters are provided.The designed protocol can achieve consensus and improve the dynamic performance of the second-order multi-agent system.Moreover,the effects of delays on consensus of systems of harmonic oscillators/double integrators under proportional-integral consensus protocols are investigated.Furthermore,some results on proportional-integral consensus are derived for a class of high-order linear time-invariant multi-agent systems.

A Formal Model for Analyzing Fair Exchange Protocols Based on Event Logic

Fair exchange protocols play a critical role in enabling two distrustful entities to conduct electronic data exchanges in a fair and secure manner.These protocols are widely used in electronic payment systems and electronic contract signing,ensuring the reliability and security of network transactions.In order to address the limitations of current research methods and enhance the analytical capabilities for fair exchange protocols,this paper proposes a formal model for analyzing such protocols.The proposed model begins with a thorough analysis of fair exchange protocols,followed by the formal definition of fairness.This definition accurately captures the inherent requirements of fair exchange protocols.Building upon event logic,the model incorporates the time factor into predicates and introduces knowledge set axioms.This enhancement empowers the improved logic to effectively describe the state and knowledge of protocol participants at different time points,facilitating reasoning about their acquired knowledge.To maximize the intruder’s capabilities,channel errors are translated into the behaviors of the intruder.The participants are further categorized into honest participants and malicious participants,enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the intruder’s potential impact.By employing a typical fair exchange protocol as an illustrative example,this paper demonstrates the detailed steps of utilizing the proposed model for protocol analysis.The entire process of protocol execution under attack scenarios is presented,shedding light on the underlying reasons for the attacks and proposing corresponding countermeasures.The developedmodel enhances the ability to reason about and evaluate the security properties of fair exchange protocols,thereby contributing to the advancement of secure network transactions.

Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

Rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)transmission.Vehicular networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware data.The communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the Road Side Unit(RSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with time.Therefore,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is significant.Current research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile environment.Therefore,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based Routing(FOA-EECPCR)technique in VANETS.The FOA-EECPCR technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the VANET.To accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCR technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust level.For the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR method.The experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR approach over other current methods.

Hyperbolic Tangent Function-Based Protocols for Global/Semi-Global Finite-Time Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems

This paper investigates the problem of global/semi-global finite-time consensus for integrator-type multi-agent sys-tems.New hyperbolic tangent function-based protocols are pro-posed to achieve global and semi-global finite-time consensus for both single-integrator and double-integrator multi-agent systems with leaderless undirected and leader-following directed commu-nication topologies.These new protocols not only provide an explicit upper-bound estimate for the settling time,but also have a user-prescribed bounded control level.In addition,compared to some existing results based on the saturation function,the pro-posed approach considerably simplifies the protocol design and the stability analysis.Illustrative examples and an application demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.

Protocol for lower back pain management: Insights from the French healthcare system

In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.This article described a novel ultrasound-guided lateral recess block approach in treating a patient with lateral recess stenosis.The impact of spinal pain-related disability extends significantly,causing substantial human suffering and medical costs.Each county has its preferred treatment strategies for spinal pain.Here,we explore the lower back pain(LBP)treatment algorithm recommended in France.The treatment algorithm for LBP recommended by the French National Authority for Health emphasizes early patient activity and minimal medication use.It encourages the continuation of daily activities,limits excessive medication and spinal injections,and incorporates psychological assessments and non-pharmacological therapies for chronic cases.However,the algorithm may not aggressively address acute pain in the early stages,potentially delaying relief and increasing the risk of chronicity.Additionally,the recommended infiltrations primarily involve caudal epidural steroid injections,with limited consideration for other injection procedures,such as transforaminal or interlaminar epidural steroid injections.The fixed follow-up timeline may not accommodate patients who do not respond to initial treatment or experience intense pain,potentially delaying the exploration of alternative therapies.Despite these limitations,understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the French approach could inform adaptations in LBP treatment strategies globally,potentially enhancing patient outcomes and satisfaction across diverse healthcare systems.

Safety and effectiveness of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia:A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.

Exploration of standard dosage for GnRH antagonist protocol and dosage adjustments after premature luteinizing hormone surge

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has emerged as an efficacious alternative to the GnRH agonist protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, and has been demonstrated applicability in infertile female patients with diverse ovarian responses. While the clinical implementation of the antagonist COH protocol has achieved widespread consensus, opportunities for refinement persist. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of GnRH antagonist protocol, the selection of optimal standard doses, and the strategies for adjusting antagonist doses after the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, aiming to provide more reasonable and scientific recommendations for the application of this scheme.

Priority Based Energy Efficient MAC Protocol by Varying Data Ratefor Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so on.They sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)Coordinator.The main challenge for the WBAN is energy consumption.These issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network lifetime.The purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 standard.In our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the data.We gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy efficiency.The proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node similarity.As an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data Rates(MVDR).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDR performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio.

A Generic and Reliable Land Acquisition Protocol Implementation for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries

Land acquisition is subject of many frauds worldwide. In Africa countries, land acquisition frauds are a real curse. Main reasons of the high land acquisition frauds in Africa are a lack of a reliable land acquisition protocol implementation, no centralized information system that records land transactions and integrates all actors, lack of education about the acquisition protocol and lack of applied sanctions in case of frauds. As of sanctions, the issue is bound to the corruption plague in Africa. Authorities that are supposed to rule the laws are not well paid and are part of the corruption scheme. Most frequent frauds are multiple sales of the same land, falsified land title, false owner identification. In Africa, a land belongs generally to the first residents of the area. To claim ownership of a land, an owner should be recognized by the rural or city authorities. To achieve this recognition, he must obtain from those authorities an attribution letter. The author proposed a complete and reliable land acquisition protocol named ACLAP (Africa Countries Land Acquisition Protocol). The purpose of this paper is to explain the main components of the protocol implementation and show its efficiency when confronting fraud threats. In this paper, a Generic and Reliable Land Acquisition Protocol Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa countries context is proposed. The platform keeps relevant land transaction information for administrators, managers, buyers, sellers, or for people consultation purpose. The application may be used in village, city, department, region, or country for land management decision making.

Clinical comprehensive treatment protocol for managing diabetic foot ulcers:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)are a common complication of diabetes,often leading to severe infections,amputations,and reduced quality of life.The current standard treatment protocols for DFUs have limitations in promoting efficient wound healing and preventing complications.A comprehensive treatment approach targeting multiple aspects of wound care may offer improved outcomes for patients with DFUs.The hypothesis of this study is that a comprehensive treatment protocol for DFUs will result in faster wound healing,reduced amputation rates,and improved overall patient outcomes compared to standard treatment protocols.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a comprehensive treatment protocol for DFUs with those of the standard treatment protocol.METHODS This retrospective study included 62 patients with DFUs,enrolled between January 2022 and January 2024,randomly assigned to the experimental(n=32)or control(n=30)group.The experimental group received a comprehensive treatment comprising blood circulation improvement,debridement,vacuum sealing drainage,recombinant human epidermal growth factor and anti-inflammatory dressing,and skin grafting.The control group received standard treatment,which included wound cleaning and dressing,antibiotics administration,and surgical debridement or amputation,if necessary.Time taken to reduce the white blood cell count,number of dressing changes,wound healing rate and time,and amputation rate were assessed.RESULTS The experimental group exhibited significantly better outcomes than those of the control group in terms of the wound healing rate,wound healing time,and amputation rate.Additionally,the comprehensive treatment protocol was safe and well tolerated by the patients.CONCLUSION Comprehensive treatment for DFUs is more effective than standard treatment,promoting granulation tissue growth,shortening hospitalization time,reducing pain and amputation rate,improving wound healing,and enhancing quality of life.

Cell replacement with stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells from different protocols

Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.There is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after injury.Human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases.In this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation outcomes.Next,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and clusters.This review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.

中国富硒保健食品产业SCP解析与富硒区发展策略研究

中国富硒保健食品市场容量高速增长,SCP分析表明,上位企业借势快速扩张,使产业进入垄断竞争阶段,企业的高密度广告、兼并重组等行为取得了良好的绩效:规模效益显现,技术扩散加快,产业结构向更高阶段演变。富硒区应抓住产业结构调整机遇,从聚焦核心功效、突破成本壁垒等方面入手,集有限力量于战略大单品,以单品的崛起带动当地富硒产业迭代升级。

BDSec:Security Authentication Protocol for BeiDou-II Civil Navigation Message

Due to the lack of authentication mechanism in BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS),BD-II civil navigation message(BDII-CNAV)are vulnerable to spoofing attack and replay attack.To solve this problem,we present a security authentication protocol,called as BDSec,which is designed by using China’s cryptography Shangyong Mima(SM)series algorithms,such as SM2/4/9 and Zu Chongzhi(ZUC)algorithm.In BDSec protocol,both of BDII-CNAV and signature information are encrypted using the SM4 algorithm(Symmetric encryption mechanism).The encrypted result is used as the subject authentication information.BDSec protocol applies SM9 algorithm(Identity-based cryptography mechanism)to protect the integrity of the BDII-CNAV,adopts the SM2 algorithm(Public key cryptosystem)to guarantee the confidentiality of the important session information,and uses the ZUC algorithm(Encryption and integrity algorithm)to verify the integrity of the message authentication serial number and initial information and the information in authentication initialization sub-protocol respectively.The results of the SVO logic reasoning and performance analysis show that BDSec protocol meets security requirements for the dual user identity authentication in BDS and can realize the security authentication of BDII-CNAV.

基于SCP范式的我国朗姆酒产业发展现状及对策

朗姆酒是一种利用甘蔗汁或甘蔗糖蜜进行发酵、蒸馏和陈酿后配制而成的饮用酒。朗姆酒产业是我国蔗糖产业延伸的新兴产业。文章基于市场结构—市场行为—市场绩效分析框架(SCP范式),对朗姆酒的市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效进行分析,结果发现我国朗姆酒产业面临市场结构失衡、市场行为不合理和市场绩效低等挑战,存在朗姆酒产业集中度较高(市场份额被国外品牌占领)、市场产品差异化程度低、行业进入门槛高、自主创新能力不足、定价策略未能覆盖广泛消费者群体、产品推广策略单一、资源配置向优势企业聚集及产业规模结构效率较低等问题。为提升我国朗姆酒市场竞争力,推进蔗糖循环经济和朗姆酒产业可持续发展,提出强化主体建设、实现规模化经营和集约化发展,注重多渠道宣传、打造知名品牌,引进国外朗姆酒生产技术和标准及强化政策扶持等建议。

基于SCP范式的中国造纸产业分析

近年来,我国造纸产业迅速发展,产业规模不断扩大。文章基于SCP分析法对中国造纸产业的市场结构、市场行为以及市场绩效展开研究,并针对当前存在的问题提出了相应的解决措施,以期为推动我国造纸行业的高质量发展提供一定参考。

中国电信战略性新兴产业发展状况分析——基于SCP模型

战略性新兴产业是以重大前沿技术突破和重大发展需求为基础,对经济社会全局和长远发展具有重大引领带动作用的产业,具有知识技术密集、物质资源消耗少、成长潜力大、综合效益好等特点。党的二十大报告指出,构建新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等一批新的增长引擎,有力推动战略性新兴产业发展迈上快车道。

药品集中带量采购政策对我国医药产业的影响——基于SCP范式的综述研究

目的:系统综述药品集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)政策对我国医药产业的影响。方法:通过中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库检索2019年1月1日至2023年7月31日公开发表的文献。借鉴市场结构(Structure)—企业行为(Conduct)—行业绩效(Performance)分析框架(简称“SCP范式”)构建主题框架进行资料整理分析。结果:纳入41篇文献,报告市场结构、企业行为、行业绩效三个维度影响的文献分别有10篇(24.4%)、24篇(58.5%)、23篇(56.1%),共提取10个二级主题。文献表明:市场结构上,集采政策后中标企业市场份额大幅提升,行业集中度明显提高;企业行为上,中标与未中标企业研发投入均增加,企业针对集采产品的销售投入削减,但非集采产品的销售投入未见减少;行业绩效上,集采政策对经营绩效的影响因企业而异,政策初步起到促进中标企业创新产出作用。结论:集采政策在优化市场结构、引导企业行为、提升行业绩效方面具有积极作用,为巩固和扩大政策影响,建议进一步强化药品价格综合治理,拓展集采市场边界,加强政策监测与追踪研究。

SCP范式下农村环境污染治理机制研究——基于政策网络视角

农村环境污染治理是推进生态文明建设,实现乡村生态振兴的必然路径。通过SCP范式的“结构—行为—绩效”框架,在政策网络视角下,系统分析了农村环境污染治理的主体及内容结构,依托场域理论及利益相关者理论讨论了治理行为的内在动因。在此基础上从目标实现、资金利用及公众满意度三个维度对农村环境污染治理绩效进行了评价,发现农村环境污染治理的多元协同机制尚未成熟,根据环境场域特征与利益相关层级变化所形成的行政主导、市场主导及自治主导模式是我国农村环境污染治理的典型策略,而不同的行为策略在绩效评估内容方面会有所侧重,进而对治理结构及行为产生多种信息反馈。据此,应通过加强多元主体参与的顶层设计、健全环境污染治理的政策内容、完善绩效评估的指标体系以及建立合理的利益分配与协商制度等方式优化治理机制,推动生态振兴进程。