China adheres to a more flexible oil pricing mechanismBy ordering a hefty 9-percent price increase in gasoline and diesel, China is lending credibility to its pledges of a more market-oriented pricing system. The deci...China adheres to a more flexible oil pricing mechanismBy ordering a hefty 9-percent price increase in gasoline and diesel, China is lending credibility to its pledges of a more market-oriented pricing system. The decision, announced by the National Development and Reform展开更多
The aim of this research is to observe dose distributions in the vicinity of titanium prosthetic implants during radiotherapy procedures on 60Co teletherapy machine, Prowess Panther treatment planning system (TPS). Da...The aim of this research is to observe dose distributions in the vicinity of titanium prosthetic implants during radiotherapy procedures on 60Co teletherapy machine, Prowess Panther treatment planning system (TPS). Data were obtained using a locally fabricated tissue equivalent phantom CT images with titanium prosthesis which was irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation. Prowess TPS (1.25 MeV) estimated less variations. Proximal ends of the metal recorded slight increase in doses as a result of backscatter with dose increment below acceptable tolerance of ±3%. Doses measured decreases on the distal side of the prosthesis at a distance less than dmax from the plate on each beam energy. The depth dose increases marginally after a certain depth level which generally originated from the unperturbed dose due to increase in the electron fluence. The percentage of depth doses decrease with the increase in plate thickness. A reduction in the above trend was also noticed with an increase in beam energy primarily because scattered photons are more forwardly directed. Prowess TPS (convolution superposition algorithm) was found to be better at reducing dose variation when correction for artifact. Manual calculations on blue phantom data agree with results from Prowess. This treatment system is capable of simulating dose around titanium prosthesis as its range of densities, 0.00121 to 2.83, excludes titanium density (rED for titanium is 3.74).展开更多
At the Quanzhou Maritime Museum, the wreckage of a seafaring wooden sailboat is on display, quietly attesting to the prosperity of Quanzhou and the technical prowess of its shipbuilders from a past era.
文摘China adheres to a more flexible oil pricing mechanismBy ordering a hefty 9-percent price increase in gasoline and diesel, China is lending credibility to its pledges of a more market-oriented pricing system. The decision, announced by the National Development and Reform
文摘The aim of this research is to observe dose distributions in the vicinity of titanium prosthetic implants during radiotherapy procedures on 60Co teletherapy machine, Prowess Panther treatment planning system (TPS). Data were obtained using a locally fabricated tissue equivalent phantom CT images with titanium prosthesis which was irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation. Prowess TPS (1.25 MeV) estimated less variations. Proximal ends of the metal recorded slight increase in doses as a result of backscatter with dose increment below acceptable tolerance of ±3%. Doses measured decreases on the distal side of the prosthesis at a distance less than dmax from the plate on each beam energy. The depth dose increases marginally after a certain depth level which generally originated from the unperturbed dose due to increase in the electron fluence. The percentage of depth doses decrease with the increase in plate thickness. A reduction in the above trend was also noticed with an increase in beam energy primarily because scattered photons are more forwardly directed. Prowess TPS (convolution superposition algorithm) was found to be better at reducing dose variation when correction for artifact. Manual calculations on blue phantom data agree with results from Prowess. This treatment system is capable of simulating dose around titanium prosthesis as its range of densities, 0.00121 to 2.83, excludes titanium density (rED for titanium is 3.74).
文摘At the Quanzhou Maritime Museum, the wreckage of a seafaring wooden sailboat is on display, quietly attesting to the prosperity of Quanzhou and the technical prowess of its shipbuilders from a past era.
