Pseudo channel:time embedding for motor imagery decoding

Motor imagery(MI)based electroencephalogram(EEG)represents a frontier in enabling direct neural control of external devices and advancing neural rehabilitation.This study introduces a novel time embedding technique,termed traveling-wave based time embedding,utilized as a pseudo channel to enhance the decoding accuracy of MI-EEG signals across various neural network architectures.Unlike traditional neural network methods that fail to account for the temporal dynamics in MI-EEG in individual difference,our approach captures time-related changes for different participants based on a priori knowledge.Through extensive experimentation with multiple participants,we demonstrate that this method not only improves classification accuracy but also exhibits greater adaptability to individual differences compared to position encoding used in Transformer architecture.Significantly,our results reveal that traveling-wave based time embedding crucially enhances decoding accuracy,particularly for participants typically considered“EEG-illiteracy”.As a novel direction in EEG research,the traveling-wave based time embedding not only offers fresh insights for neural network decoding strategies but also expands new avenues for research into attention mechanisms in neuroscience and a deeper understanding of EEG signals.

Long‐life lithium batteries enabled by a pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte

The specific energy of Li metal batteries(LMBs)can be improved by using high‐voltage cathode materials;however,achieving long‐term stable cycling performance in the corresponding system is particularly challenging for the liquid electrolyte.Herein,a novel pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte(POSE)is prepared by introducing 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether(TTE)to adjust the coordination structure between diglyme(G2)and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI).Surprisingly,although TTE shows little solubility to LiTFSI,the molar ratio between LiTFSI and G2 in the POSE can be increased to 1:1,which is much higher than that of the saturation state,1:2.8.Simulation and experimental results prove that TTE promotes closer contact of the G2 molecular with Li^(+)in the POSE.Moreover,it also participates in the formation of electrolyte/electrode interphases.The electrolyte shows outstanding compatibility with both the Li metal anode and typical high‐voltage cathodes.Li||Li symmetric cells show a long life of more than 2000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2),1 mAh cm^(−2).In the meantime,Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cell with the POSE shows a high reversible capacity of 134.8 mAh g^(−1 )after 900 cycles at 4.5 V,1 C rate.The concept of POSE can provide new insight into the Li^(+)solvation structure and in the design of advanced electrolytes for LMBs.

Characterization of tumors of jaw:Additive value of contrast enhancement and dual-energy computed tomography

BACKGROUND Currently,the differentiation of jaw tumors is mainly based on the lesion’s morphology rather than the enhancement characteristics,which are important in the differentiation of neoplasms across the body.There is a paucity of literature on the enhancement characteristics of jaw tumors.This is mainly because,even though computed tomography(CT)is used to evaluate these lesions,they are often imaged without intravenous contrast.This study hypothesised that the enhancement characteristics of the solid component of jaw tumors can aid in the differentiation of these lesions in addition to their morphology by dual-energy CT,therefore improving the ability to differentiate between various pathologies.AIM To evaluate the role of contrast enhancement and dual-energy quantitative parameters in CT in the differentiation of jaw tumors.METHODS Fifty-seven patients with jaw tumors underwent contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT.Morphological analysis of the tumor,including the enhancing solid component,was done,followed by quantitative analysis of iodine concentration(IC),water concentration(WC),HU,and normalized IC.The study population was divided into four subgroups based on histopathological analysis-central giant cell granuloma(CGCG),ameloblastoma,odontogenic keratocyst(OKC),and other jaw tumors.A one-way ANOVA test for parametric variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric variables were used.If significant differences were found,a series of independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used.RESULTS Ameloblastoma was the most common pathology(n=20),followed by CGCG(n=11)and OKC.CGCG showed a higher mean concentration of all quantitative parameters than ameloblastomas(P<0.05).An IC threshold of 31.35×100μg/cm^(3) had the maximum sensitivity(81.8%)and specificity(65%).Between ameloblastomas and OKC,the former showed a higher mean concentration of all quantitative parameters(P<0.001),however when comparing unilocular ameloblastomas with OKCs,the latter showed significantly higher WC.Also,ameloblastoma had a higher IC and lower WC compared to“other jaw tumors”group.CONCLUSION Enhancement characteristics of solid components combined with dual-energy parameters offer a more precise way to differentiate between jaw tumors.

Laboratory Implementation of Direct Torque Controller based Speed Loop Pseudo Derivative Feedforward Controller for PMSM Drive

This paper,evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedforward(PDFF)controller-based direct torque controller(DTC)for a PMSM drive against the performance of existing PI speed controller-based DTC and hysteresis current controller(HCC).The proposed PDFF-based speed regulator effectively reduces oscillation and overshoot associated with rotor angular speed,electromagnetic torque,and stator current.Two case studies,one using forward-to-reverse motoring operation and the other involving reverse-to-forward braking operation,has been validated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.The proposed controller's superior performance is demonstrated through experimental verification utilizing an FPGA controller for a 1.5 kW PMSM drive laboratory prototype.

Pseudo S-Asymptotically(ω,c)-Periodic Solutions to Fractional Differential Equations of Sobolev Type

In this paper,we firstly recall some basic results on pseudo S-asymptotically(ω,c)-periodic functions and Sobolev type fractional differential equation.We secondly investigate some existence of pseudo S-asymptotically(ω,c)-periodic solutions for a semilinear fractional differential equations of Sobolev type.We finally present a simple example.

IgG4 Coronary Arteritis Presenting as a Cardiac Pseudo-Tumour

We report on an unusual case presenting with a cardiac pseudo-tumour on echocardiogram, which corresponded to a large soft tissue mural thickening around the mid-right coronary artery. There were similar but not as thick mural lesions around other parts of the coronary arteries. The so-called “pigs-in-a-blanket” sign on computed tomography (CT) scan was pathognomonic of IgG4 coronary arteritis. The IgG4 level was grossly elevated at more than 10 times the upper limit of normal. Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans with 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) and 68Ga-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (FAPI) were performed to assess the extent of organ involvement of the IgG4-related disease. The patient was treated with 8 injections of rituximab with good serological response. However, the coronary arteritis findings on CT scan remained unchanged.

Pseudo-Semi-Overlap Functions-Based Fuzzy Rough Sets Applied to Image Edge Extraction

As an extension of overlap functions, pseudo-semi-overlap functions are a crucial class of aggregation functions. Therefore, (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets are introduced, utilizing pseudo-semi-overlap functions, and further extended for applications in image edge extraction. Firstly, a new clustering function, the pseudo-semi-overlap function, is introduced by eliminating the symmetry and right continuity present in the overlap function. The relaxed nature of this function enhances its applicability in image edge extraction. Secondly, the definitions of (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets are provided, using (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets, a pair of new fuzzy mathematical morphological operators (IPSOFMM operators) is proposed. Finally, by combining the fuzzy C-means algorithm and IPSOFMM operators, a novel image edge extraction algorithm (FCM-IPSO algorithm) is proposed and implemented. Compared to existing algorithms, the FCM-IPSO algorithm exhibits more image edges and a 73.81% decrease in the noise introduction rate. The outstanding performance of (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets in image edge extraction demonstrates their practical application value.

Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): An Expanding Colon with Unusual Risk Factors

The distention of the colon without mechanical or anatomical obstruction, Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), is a common condition occurring in the critically ill. ACPO in the setting of an acute pulmonary embolism and embolic stroke is a rarity. A 76-year-old female with shortness of breath, left hemiparesis and right-sided paresthesias presented with acute pulmonary embolism and acute infarcts of the left caudate nucleus, thalamus and occipital lobe. Her hospitalization was complicated with persistent distention of the large bowel without dilation of the small bowel. Empiric antibiotics were initiated without improvement and laboratory studies including Clostridium difficile were negative. She underwent nasogastric decompression and two decompressive colonoscopies with a resolution of her symptoms. This case illustrates an example of acute abdominal distension, without underlying etiology, in the setting of acute embolism of the pulmonary and cerebral vasculature. Early identification and action with decompressive colonoscopy were key to preventing further bowel damage or rupture.

Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among Chinese patients with primary biliary cholangitis

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is an extrahepatic complication of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)that increases the risk of fractures and mortality.However,Epidemiological studies of osteoporosis in patients with PBC in China and the Asia-Pacific region is lack.AIM To assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in Chinese patients with PBC.METHODS This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with PBC from a tertiary care center in China who underwent bone mineral density(BMD)assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry between January 2013 and December 2021.We defined subjects with T-scores≤-2.5 in any sites(L1 to L4,femoral neck,or total hip)as having osteoporosis.Demographic,serological,clinical,and histological data were collected.Independent risk factors for osteoporosis were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS A total of 268 patients with PBC[236 women(88.1%);mean age,56.7±10.6 years;163 liver biopsies(60.8%)]were included.The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with PBC was 45.5%(122/268),with the prevalence of osteoporosis in women and men being 47.0%and 34.4%,respectively.The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that in premenopausal women(56.3%vs 21.0%,P<0.001).Osteoporosis in patients with PBC is associated with age,fatigue,menopausal status,previous steroid therapy,body mass index(BMI),splenomegaly,gastroesophageal varices,ascites,Mayo risk score,histological stage,alanine aminotransferase,albumin,bilirubin,platelet and prothrombin activity.Multivariate regression analysis identified that older age,lower BMI,previous steroid therapy,higher Mayo risk score,and advanced histological stage as the main independent risk factors for osteoporosis in PBC.CONCLUSION Osteoporosis is very common in Chinese patients with PBC,allowing for prior screening of BMD in those PBC patients with older age,lower BMI,previous steroid therapy and advanced liver disease.

Does sevoflurane sedation in pediatric patients lead to“pseudo”leptomeningeal enhancement in the brain on 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging?

BACKGROUND Prominent leptomeningeal contrast enhancement(LMCE)in the brain is observed in some pediatric patients during sedation for imaging.However,based on clinical history and cerebrospinal fluid analysis,the patients are not acutely ill and do not exhibit meningeal signs.Our study determined whether sevoflurane inhalation in pediatric patients led to this pattern of‘pseudo’LMCE(pLMCE)on 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).AIM To highlight the significance of pLMCE in pediatric patients undergoing enhanced brain MRI under sedation to avoid misinterpretation in reports.METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional evaluation of pediatric patients between 0-8 years of age was conducted.The patients underwent enhanced brain MRI under inhaled sevoflurane.The LMCE grade was determined by two radiologists,and interobserver variability of the grade was calculated using Cohen’s kappa.The LMCE grade was correlated with duration of sedation,age and weight using the Spearman rho rank correlation.RESULTS A total of 63 patients were included.Fourteen(22.2%)cases showed mild LMCE,48(76.1%)cases showed moderate LMCE,and 1 case(1.6%)showed severe LMCE.We found substantial agreement between the two radiologists in detection of pLMCE on post-contrast T1 imaging(kappa value=0.61;P<0.001).Additionally,we found statistically significant inverse and moderate correlations between patient weight and age.There was no correlation between duration of sedation and pLMCE.CONCLUSION pLMCE is relatively common on post-contrast spin echo T1-weighted MRI of pediatric patients sedated by sevoflurane due to their fragile and immature vasculature.It should not be misinterpreted for meningeal pathology.Knowing pertinent clinical history of the child is an essential prerequisite to avoid radiological overcalling and the subsequent burden of additional investigations.

Association between body mass index and body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:We examined the association between body mass index(BMI)and body fat percentage(BF%)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)among adults and children in China.Methods:We searched four databases-PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Vip for studies published in the past 22 years.Meta-analysis was conducted using random-or fixed-effect models.Results:In total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in review,and 17 ot them in meta-analysis.They were conducted across China.Their sample size ranged from 62 to 5726,and participants'age ranged from 6-80 years.Meta-analysis revealed strong associations between BMI and BF% measured by DXA in adults(pooled r=0.71,95% CI:0.66 to 0.74)and children(pooled r=0.60,95% CI:0.52 to 0.68).The association was stronger in Northern China than in East China in children(β=-0.40,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.14)and in Central China in adults(β=-0.25;95% CI:-0.51 to-0.01).Urban children's BMI was strongly associated with BF%than rural(β=0.19;95%CI:0.04 to 0.35),whereas it was stronger in adults living in rural than in urban(β=-0.35;95% CI:-0.66 to-0.05).Conclusions:BMI was strongly associated with BF%measured by DXA,and the association in children and adults in China varied by residence and region.

Prospective observational study on the prognosis of ureteral lesions caused by impacted stones via dual-energy spectral computed tomography

Objective Ureteral lesions caused by impacted ureteral stones are likely to result in postoperative ureteral stricture.On this basis,the study aimed to investigate if dual-energy spectral computed tomography can predict ureteral hardening caused by impacted stones and to explore the relationship between different types of ureteral lesions and the risk of ureteral stricture.Methods This prospective study collected data of 93 patients with impacted stones from hospital automation system during January 2018 to October 2019.They underwent an abdominal scan on a dual-energy spectral computed tomography.During surgery,the operator used ureteroscopy to identify ureteral lesions,which were classified into four categories:edema,polyps,pallor,and hardening.Seven months later,90 patients were reviewed for the degree of hydronephrosis.Results Endoscopic observations revealed 38(41%)cases of ureteral edema,20(22%)cases of polyps,13(14%)cases of pallor,and 22(24%)cases of hardening.There were significant differences in hydronephrosis,the period of impaction,the calcium concentration of the ureter,and the slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve between the four groups.After that,we evaluated the factors associated with ureteral hardening and found that the calcium concentration of the ureter and hydronephrosis remained independent predictors of ureteral hardening.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that 5.3 mg/cm^(3)calcium concentration of the ureter is an optimal cut-off value to predict ureteral hardening.The result of follow-up showed that 80 patients had complete remission of hydronephrosis,with a complete remission rate of 61.9%(13/21)in the hardening group and 97.1%(67/69)in the non-hardening group(p<0.001).Conclusion Calcium concentration of the ureter is an independent predictor of ureteral hardening.Patients with ureteral hardening have more severe hydronephrosis after ureteroscopic lithotripsy.When the calcium concentration of the ureter is less than 5.3 mg/cm^(3),ureteral lesions should be actively treated.

The application study of dual-energy CT nonlinearblending technique in pulmonary angiography

Objective This study aimed to explore the feasibility of enhancing image quality in computed tomography(CT) pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and reducing radiation dose using the nonlinear blending (NLB)technique of dual-energy CT.Methods A total of 61 patients scheduled for CTPA were enrolled, and 30 patients underwent dual-energyscanning. Nonlinear blending images (NLB group) and three groups of linear blending images (LB group,80 kV group, and 140 kV group) were reconstructed after scanning;31 patients underwent single-energyscanning (120 kV group). The CT values and standard deviations of the pulmonary trunk, left and rightpulmonary arteries, and ipsilateral back muscle at the bifurcation level of the left and right pulmonaryarteries were measured. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the fivegroups were calculated. The subjective image quality of the five groups was assessed. The radiation dosesof the dual- and single-energy groups were recorded and calculated.Results The CNR and SNR values of blood vessels in the NLB group were significantly higher than thosein the LB, 140 kV, and 80 kV groups (CNR of pulmonary artery trunk: t = 3.50, 4.06, 7.17, all P < 0.05;SNRof pulmonary trunk: t = 3.76, 4.71, 6.92, all P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the CNR andSNR values between the NLB group and 120 kV group (P > 0.05). The effective radiation dose of the dualenergygroup was lower than that of the single-energy group (t = –4.52, P < 0.05). The subjective scores ofimages in the NLB group were the highest (4.28 ± 0.74).Conclusion The NLB technique of dual-energy CT can improve the image quality of CTPA and reducethe radiation dose, providing more reliable imaging data for the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

以假性Bartter综合征为主要表现的囊性纤维化患儿3例并文献复习

目的总结以假性Bartter综合征(pseudo-Bartter syndrome,PBS)为主要表现的囊性纤维化(cystic fibrosis,CF)(CF-PBS)患儿的临床特征和基因变异,以提高对CF-PBS的认识。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年8月在湖南省儿童医院确诊的3例CF-PBS患儿的临床资料并文献复习。结果3例患儿均在婴儿期起病,入院后检验示低钠、低钾、低氯血症和代谢性碱中毒,基因检测示CFTR基因存在复合杂合变异,均诊断为CF。文献检索33例CF-PBS中国患儿,起病年龄和诊断年龄分别为1~36月龄、3~144月龄,伴有反复呼吸道感染或持续肺炎29例(88%)、营养不良26例(79%)、发育落后23例(70%)、胰腺炎或可疑胰腺外分泌功能不全18例(55%);c.2909G>A是CFTR基因最常见的变异位点,等位基因变异频率为23%(15/66)。结论CF早期无典型的呼吸道症状,对于反复出现的低钠、低钾、低氯血症和代谢性碱中毒的婴儿,特别是同时存在营养不良、发育落后,需警惕CF-PBS可能,应尽早进行CFTR基因检测协助诊断CF。

Rapid, accurate and serotype independent pipeline for in silico epitope mapping of SARS-CoV-2 antigens: a combined machine learning and Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method

Here,a new integrated machine learning and Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method has been proposed for in silico epitope mapping of severe acute respiratorysyndrome-like coronavirus antigens.For this,a training dataset including 266 linear B-cell epitopes,1,267 T-cell epitopes and 1,280 non-epitopes were prepared.The epitope sequences were then converted to numerical vectors using Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method.The vectors were then introduced to the support vector machine,random forest,artificial neural network,and K-nearest neighbor algorithms for the classification process.The algorithm with the highest performance was selected for the epitope mapping procedure.Based on the obtained results,the random forest algorithm was the most accurate classifier with an accuracy of 0.934 followed by K-nearest neighbor,artificial neural network,and support vector machine respectively.Furthermore,the efficacies of predicted epitopes by the trained random forest algorithm were assessed through their antigenicity potential as well as affinity to human B cell receptor and MHC-I/II alleles using the VaxiJen score and molecular docking,respectively.It was also clear that the predicted epitopes especially the B-cell epitopes had high antigenicity potentials and good affinities to the protein targets.According to the results,the suggested method can be considered for developing specific epitope predictor software as well as an accelerator pipeline for designing serotype independent vaccine against the virus.

2021-2023年河南部分地区猪场猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病抗体检测与分析

为了解河南省猪场主要病毒性疾病抗体水平,于2021-2023年共采集8014份血清样品,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对所采集的样品进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒gE(PRV-gE)、猪伪狂犬病病毒gB(PRV-gB)的抗体水平进行检测。结果显示,CSFV抗体的总阳性率为85.70%(6868/8014),PRRSV抗体的总阳性率为81.83%(6558/8014),PRV-gE抗体的总阳性率为11.08%(888/8014),PRV-gB抗体的总阳性率为83.10%(6660/8014)。研究表明,CSFV总体疫苗免疫抗体水平良好,能够有效地控制该病在猪场的发生与流行,但猪群仍存在PRRSV和PRV的感染风险,需要完善免疫方案、加强防控。研究结果可为猪场制定合理的免疫程序提供参考,促进养猪行业的健康发展。

单跨两层含减震外挂墙板装配式混凝土框架拟静力试验研究

该文在对一个含减震外挂墙板平面框架(简称减震结构)以及一个作为对比的纯框架(简称抗震结构)进行混合试验的基础上,进一步对其单跨2层试验子结构进行了拟静力试验,研究了两结构在水平地震作用下的受力过程、损伤模式及减震外挂墙板对主体结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:减震结构和抗震结构的破坏机制均为梁端和柱底出现塑性铰的梁铰机制,减震外挂墙板未改变主体结构的破坏模式;减震结构中,在最大层间位移角达到1/55之前,消能器呈预期的履带式滚动变形,此后由于外挂墙板的面内转动变形,消能器水平剪切变形值增加不大,且圆弧段产生明显变形;试验过程中减震外挂墙板未出现裂缝;墙板与框架间上部线连接处裂缝宽度较小,连接钢筋应变也较小,表明连接可靠;两试件均具有较好的变形能力和耗能能力;在相同位移级别下,减震结构的刚度、极限承载力和耗能能力均更好。

基于频率响应与图像特征提取的动车组变压器绕组状态诊断方法研究

动车组变压器是保障高速铁路稳定运行的核心设备,频率响应法是目前检测变压器绕组状态的有效方法。为提升车载变压器绕组状态诊断的准确性,结合暂态信号与频率响应法提出基于频率响应与图像特征提取的动车组变压器绕组状态诊断方法。搭建试验车载变压器绕组故障模拟平台,获取不同故障类型和故障位置的频响曲线,利用类Gram矩阵结合幅频和相频曲线信息,再利用密度分层法转换为伪彩色图,提取对应的灰度共生矩阵和灰度差分矩阵特征值,根据鹈鹕优化支持向量机方法对绕组故障进行诊断。试验结果表明:车载变压器绕组故障发生时,伪彩色图能够反映出故障信息,有利于图像分析和特征提取,采用基于频率响应与图像特征提取的动车组变压器绕组状态诊断方法能够识别车载变压器绕组的典型故障类型和位置。

Sub-Differential Characterizations of Non-Smooth Lower Semi-Continuous Pseudo-Convex Functions on Real Banach Spaces

In this paper, we characterize lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the pseudo-monotonicity of its Clarke-Rockafellar Sub-differential. We extend the results on the characterizations of non-smooth convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the monotonicity of its sub-differentials to the lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions on real Banach spaces.

选择置信伪标签的迁移学习

域适应旨在将标签丰富的源域知识迁移到无标签的目标域.选择性伪标签和标签传播都是域适应的常用方法.然而传统的选择性伪标签以最大类的预测概率标记样本,忽视了其他概率;而且传统的标签传播同等对待不同置信度的标签,这可能导致错误标签.因此,该文提出了一种选择置信伪标签(TL-SCP)的迁移学习.首先,在评估伪标签的置信度时兼顾了最大类的预测概率和其他类预测概率;其次,在标签传播过程中尽量保留高置信度标签,并据此指导低置信度标签的更新,借此减少错误标签传播;最后,在4个基准数据集上进行的大量实验验证了提出的模型(TL-SCP)优于现有的模型.