Least squares reverse-time migration in the pseudodepth domain and reservoir exploration

Least squares reverse-time migration （LSRTM） is an inversion method that removes artificial images and preserves the amplitude of reflectivity sections. LSRTM has been used in reservoir exploration and processing of 4D seismic data. LSRTM is, however, a computationally costly and memory-intensive method. In this study, LSRTM in the pseudodepth domain was combined with the conjugate gradient method to reduce the computational cost while maintaining precision. The velocity field in the depth domain was transformed to the velocity field in the pseudodepth domain; thus, the total number of vertical sampling points was reduced and oversampling was avoided. Synthetic and field data were used to validate the proposed method. LSRTM in the pseudodepth domain in conjunction with the conjugate gradient method shows potential in treating field data.

基于非正交坐标系的最小二乘逆时偏移及其在VTI介质成像中的应用

常规逆时偏移应用于地震数据处理时会产生成像假象。为了克服这一问题,基于波恩近似理论和共轭梯度算法的最小二乘逆时偏移成像技术被广泛采用。本文在最小二乘逆时偏移重建波场过程中,使用了非正交坐标系即黎曼空间域的波动方程求解方式,解决了地震信号过采样的问题,更好地恢复了偏移成像的振幅。通过建立笛卡尔坐标系和黎曼坐标系的映射关系,实现波场在不同坐标系的转换。在黎曼坐标系中利用有限差分求解波动方程,在伪深度域进行均匀采样,实现波场延拓和边界条件的计算。介质各向异性的存在导致波场传播发生畸变,从而影响偏移成像质量。类似于在笛卡尔坐标系中的最小二乘逆时偏移成像,本文在黎曼坐标系中实现了各向异性最小二乘逆时偏移成像。相比于常规最小二乘逆时偏移成像,在取得相同成像质量的情况下,黎曼空间域最小二乘逆时偏移成像的计算量得到显著降低。地震数据测试结果验证了基于黎曼坐标系的最小二乘逆时偏移方法的正确性和有效性。