Inorganic Elements in Tuber of Chinese Herbal Medicine Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province

By analyzing the contents of inorganic elements in Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province, the aim was to assess the present quality of Radix Pseu- dostellariae, set limited standards of heavy metals, establish element fingerprints, and find out the characteristic elements. ICP-MS was used to measure the content of inorganic elements and map the element fingerprints. Additionally, WM/T2-2004 was applied to evaluate the quality of heavy metal elements, and the characteristic elements were determined by principal component analysis. The results showed that the contents of inorganic elements in Radix Pseudostellariae were between 0.057 and 959 mg/kg with the coefficients of variation ranging from 0.134 to 1.478, and the contents of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg were below the Standard of WM/T2-2004 in 90% of Radix Pseudostellariae. The standard limits of heavy metals in Radix Pseu- dostellariae were Cr≤6.5 mg/kg, Cu≤10 mg/kg, As≤2.0 mg /kg, Cd≤0.3 mg/kg, Hg≤0.15 mg/kg, and Pb≤4.0 mg/kg. The features of the inorganic eJements finger- prints could provide theoretical basis of identifying the quality of Radix Pseudostel- lariae and distinguishing Radix Pseudostellariae from other Chinese herbal medicines. The characteristic inorganic elements of Radix Pseudostellariae were found to be Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, and AI. Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province contained abundant inorganic elements, and the contents of heavy metals were below the evaluation criterion. The study provided a reference for the future development of the limiting values of heaw metals in Radix Pseudostellariae.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Radix pseudostellariae Fibrous Root Extracts on Serum Cytokines in Mice and Their Correlation Analysis

To investigate the effects of Radix pseudostellariae fibrous root extracts(RPFRE) on serum cytokines in normal and immunosuppressed mice and the correlation between indexes, KM male mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were given 0(control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g/kg RPFRE by gavage. The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the serum of mice were measured 14 d after gavage. On the 15day, the remaining mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide(CY), and samples were collected on the 18day to measure serum cytokines levels. The results showed that RPFRE improved the serum cytokine level in normal mice. 0.1 g/kg RPFRE significantly increased the content of IL-2and IFN-γ(P<0.05), while 0.4 g/kg RPFRE significantly increased the content of IL-4 and IL-6(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 in normal mice had an extremely significant positive correlation with RPFRE concentration(P<0.01), IL-2 had a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ(P<0.01or P<0.05), and IL-4 had an extremely significant positive correlation with IL-6(P<0.01). After CY injection, serum cytokine levels in mice decreased and immune function was inhibited. Compared with the control group, the experimental group recovered the level of cytokines to some extent. 0.1 g/kg RPFRE significantly increased the content of IL-2 in immunosuppressed mice(P<0.05), and 0.4 g/kg RPFRE significantly increased the content of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in immunosuppressed mice(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum cytokines in immunosuppressed mice were significantly positively correlated with RPFRE concentration(P<0.01), and there was a certain dose dependence. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between IL-2 and IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6, and IL-6 and IFN-γ reached an extremely significant level(P<0.01). To sum up, RPFRE could improve the serum cytokines level of mice, promote the secretion of cytokines, and have a certain immune protective effect. There was a significant positive correlation between the RPFRE concentration and the serum cytokines in mice, which provided basic data support for the further study of RPFRE immune function.

Study on the Mechanism of Pseudostellariae Radix in Regulating Angiogenesis Based on Network Pharmacology and a Dual-screening System

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the action mechanism of Pseudostellariae Radix in regulating angiogenesis by using network pharmacology and a dual-screening system,and to provide a basis for its clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.[Methods]The TCMSP database was used for preliminary screening to obtain the active compounds of Pseudostellariae Radix and the protein targets of its action.GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to search for targets related to angiogenesis.Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct a drug-target network and protein interaction network of Pseudostellariae Radix in angiogenesis.The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the targets of Pseudostellariae Radix in angiogenesis were carried out on Metascape platform.The effects of the screened active compounds were verified using a dual-screening system.[Results]Six active components of Pseudostellariae Radix,luteolin,acetin,beta-sitosterol,linarin,schottenol and 1-monolinolein,were screened by TCMSP database;and the six active components were predicted with 78 common target proteins related to angiogenesis,of which 19 were core targets.Pseudostellariae Radix mainly intervened in angiogenesis through domain specific binding,ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding,kinase binding and other molecular functions to regulate biological processes such as membrane microdomain,plasma membrane raft and caveola.The results of KEGG enrichment indicated that pathways in cancer,lipid and atherosclerosis,hepatitis B,apoptosis,toxoplasmosis and other key pathways might be the mechanism for the intervention of angiogenesis.The results of the dual-screening system showed that luteolin,acacetin,beta-sitosterol and linarin protected HUVECs and promoted zebrafish angiogenesis.[Conclusions]This study preliminarily demonstrated that luteolin,acacetin,beta-sitosterol and linarin could intervene in angiogenesis through multiple targets and multiple pathways,providing ideas and a scientific basis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Analysis of the mechanism of Radix Astragali-Radix Pseudostellariae in the treatment of chronic heart failure based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore and analyze the effective component,target and mechanism of action of Radix Astragali-Radix Pseudostellariae in the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF)by network pharmacological research methods.Methods:With the help of TCMSP database,the effective chemical constituents and targets of Radix Astragali-Radix Pseudostellariae were screened out,and CHF-related proteins were obtained by Gene Cards and OMIM database.The target protein interaction network(PPI)was constructed on the String database platform,and using DAVID database to conduct the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the target of the obtained astragalus-pseudostellariae for the treatment of CHF.Results:Radix Astragali-Radix Pseudostellariae were selected as 28 effective chemical components and 104 therapeutic targets for CHF.There were obtained 49 GO functional annotations and 86 KEGG signaling pathways.Conclusion:Radix Astragali-Radix Pseudostellariae can treat CHF through multi-target and multi-pathway.

Immunoprotection Effects of Radix Pseudostellariae Fibrous Root Extraction (RPFRE) on Mice and Its Relationship with Antioxidant Function

[Objective] The paper was to explore the immunoprotection effects of Radix Pseudostellariae fibrous root extraction(RPFRE) on experi-mental mice and its relationship with antioxidant function. [Method] KM male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups based on RPFRE gradient concentration, and the immune function indexes and antioxidant indexes of mice were determined at 14 d post intragastric administration of RPFRE.The remaining mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide(CY) from the 15^(th) to 17^(th) day, and samples were collected to determine the above indexes on the 18^(th) day. [Result] Intragastric administration of RPFRE for 14 d improved the spleen index,thymus index, T/B cell stimulation index and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) of normal mice, and extremely increased the thymus index and TAOC(P<0.01). The T-AOC had extremely positive correlation with the spleen index, thymus index and B cell stimulation index( P<0.01), and had significantly positive correlation with the T cell stimulation index(P<0.05). From the 15^(th) to 17^(th) day of the experiment, the immune function indexes and antioxidant indexes of mice decreased and the malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased. The experimental groups of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg RPFRE promoted the immunoprotection and antioxidant effect of mice. RPFRE concentration had extremely positive correlation with 4 indexes of immune function and antioxidant indexes T-AOC and SOD(P<0.01), but had extremely negative correlation with MDA(P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between immune function indexes and antioxidant indexes of mice after CY intervention( P<0.05 or P<0.01). [Conclusion] RPFRE can improve the immune function indexes and antioxidant indexes of normal mice and immunosuppressed mice and has immunopro-tection effect on immunosuppressed mice, and there is a significant correlation between immune function indexes and antioxidant indexes of mice.

太子参及提取物对动物免疫调节作用研究进展

太子参是一味传统中药,具有生津润肺、益气健脾的功效。现代研究表明其富含微量元素、氨基酸、糖类、苷类、环肽类、脂肪酸类、油脂类、挥发油类、甾醇类等多种活性成分,能有效提高动物免疫力。论文综述了近年来太子参及其提取物对动物免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子以及肠道免疫作用的研究成果,为太子参的进一步研究、开发和利用提供参考。

贵州太子参生产全程机械化技术现状及对策

太子参是贵州的道地药材,经过20年的发展,形成了集约化、规范化的种植模式,种植面积全国第一。但贵州太子参多种植于丘陵山地,受地形地貌和发展基础的影响,生产作业费时费力、效率低、机械化难度大。通过查阅文献及实地考察,结合贵州太子参的典型种植农艺与初加工工艺,简述了太子参全链条生产技术,分析了耕、种、管、收、初加工5个环节的机械化技术现状,指出太子参生产机械化存在的主要问题。基于此,提出太子参生产全程机械化对策建议,包括推行标准化种植,推动农机农艺融合及种植区宜机化改造;加大山地太子参块根播种、收获、去尾、分级等关键技术的研发力度,加强农机技术型人才培养,加快轻简型太子参播种机和收获机的研制,升级改造已有初加工机械设备,形成适度的初加工生产线。分析结果可为贵州太子参可持续性发展提供参考。

口服太子参多糖对鸡毒支原体弱毒活疫苗免疫增强作用的研究

为研究口服太子参多糖(RPP)对鸡毒支原体(MG)弱毒活疫苗的免疫增强作用,本实验选用SPF鸡90只,随机均分为空白对照组(CK组)、疫苗对照组(MG组)和3种不同剂量RPP组(RPP剂量分别为L组50 mg/kg、M组100 mg/kg和H组200 mg/kg)。除CK组和MG组外,L组、M组和H组均在接种前1 d~7 d口服适量RPP,第8 d时除CK组外各组鸡均经滴鼻MG弱毒活疫苗30μL(1羽份)。每日称饲料用量并在给药后7 d、21 d时各组随机抽9只鸡称重,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比;给药前和给药后7 d、10 d、14 d、21 d时每组分别随机经翅下静脉采集6只鸡血液,采用间接ELISA测定细胞因子含量、抗体效价。给药后7 d、14 d、21 d,各组随机抽3只鸡剖杀无菌采集脾脏,分别测定脾脏指数。结果显示:与CK组、MG组相比,给药后21 d时L、M、H组鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著升高(P<0.05),L、H组鸡料肉比显著降低(P<0.05),21 d时L、M、H组鸡MG抗体效价均显著升高(P<0.05),并达到有效免疫保护水平。血清中相关细胞因子检测结果显示,在给药后14 d时M、H组IFN-γ、IL-4水平均显著上调(P<0.05),IL-1、IL-6含量均显著下调(P<0.05);给药后14 d、21 d时L、M、H组脾脏指数均显著升高(P<0.05)。分别选CK组、MG组和免疫效果最佳的H组5只鸡,于给药后21 d经滴鼻点眼MG MX-4株菌液,记录各组鸡攻毒后鸡体重、症状,2周后剖杀并采集攻毒后鸡肺脏,进行病变评分。结果显示,CK组鸡日增重显著低于(P<0.05)MG组、H组,而MG组和H组比较,MG组1只鸡日增重低于MG组平均值,其余鸡生长性能均无明显异常;CK组鸡肺脏病变较为严重(病变平均分值为6.8分),MG组鸡肺脏仅轻微病变(病变平均分值为1.8分),H组肺脏无明显病变(病变平均分值为0.6分)。上述结果首次表明,口服RPP能够使免疫MG弱毒活疫苗鸡的抗体效价快速上升,脾脏功能增强,提高鸡的生长性能,并升高Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2型细胞因子IL-4在鸡血清中的含量,从而促进免疫鸡的细胞免疫反应与抗原提呈能力;另外还可显著降低血清中促炎因子IL-1、IL-6含量,具有一定的抗炎作用;同时可有效降低攻毒鸡肺脏病变程度,减缓MG感染导致鸡的生长性能下降。本研究为RPP在MG弱毒活疫苗免疫中的应用提供了科学参考依据。

Determination of Polysaccharide in Radix pseudostellariae Extract by Size-Exclusion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simple size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for rapid molecular mass screening to determine the average molecular mass, polydispersity, and quantity of Taizishen polysaccharides extract. The screening used a TOSOH TSK-GEL G3000SW high-performance liquid chromatographic column with 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 buffer as the mobile phase and refractive index detector. The molecular mass calibration curve was linear for polysaccharide standards from 10 to 100 kDa with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The method can be used to analyze the quantity, average molecular mass, and polydispersity of polysaccharides. In addition, the screening method is suitable for quality control of polysaccharide preparations in Chinese medicines and pharmaceutical products.

超微粉碎对太子参粉理化性质和有效成分含量的影响

目的研究超微粉碎对太子参粉的理化性质及太子参环肽B含量的影响。方法以太子参为原料,采用超微粉碎技术制备粉体,使用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜、粉体综合测定仪和质构仪进行理化性质研究,使用HPLC法测定太子参粉中环肽B的含量。结果与细粉相比,超微粉碎后的太子参粉粒径减小,粉体流动性变差,填充性变大,水合性能增大,HPLC法测得超微粉碎粉体中太子参环肽B含量比细粉大。结论超微粉碎技术可以影响太子参的理化性质,促进太子参环肽B的溶出。

太子参-牡丹皮药对治疗糖尿病心肌病网络药理学机制探讨

目的:探究太子参-牡丹皮药对治疗糖尿病心肌病的作用机制。方法:利用网络药理学方法,借助中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)、Pubchem网站、Swiss Target Prediction数据库预测活性成分候选靶点。通过Disgenet和GeneCards数据库筛选出糖尿病心肌病的靶点基因,利用Venny图取中药与疾病的交集靶点,通过STRING数据库建立蛋白互作网络图,并通过Cytoscape 3.9.0软件对网络图进行优化,筛选出核心靶点。利用Metascape数据库对交集靶点进行GO分析和KEGG富集分析。结果:中药共筛选出19个活性成分,277个作用靶点,糖尿病心肌病筛选出疾病靶点2424个,通过韦恩图得出交集靶点109个。通过药物-活性成分-靶点网络图分析可得山奈酚、槲皮素、刺槐素、木犀草素对疾病的治疗可能发挥重要作用。通过PPI网络图可知核心靶点为TNF、AKT1、SRC、TP53、EGFR等。根据KEGG分析,预测该药对主要通过干预癌症、MAPK、PI3K-Akt等信号通路发挥对糖尿病心肌病的治疗作用。结论:太子参-牡丹皮药对可通过多种活性成分、多靶点、多途径对糖尿病心肌病起到保护作用,为糖尿病心肌病的未来防治提供新思路。

基于网络药理学和分子对接研究太子参治疗骨关节炎的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学和分子对接研究太子参对骨关节炎(OA)关键靶蛋白的作用机制。方法 使用TCMSP平台检索太子参的活性成分并预测作用靶点,筛选Gene Cards、Drug Bank、Pharm Gkb、OMIM数据库中OA的相关基因并进行合并。得到的疾病共有靶点通过STRING数据库将疾病与药物交集靶点进行蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)分析,并将结果输入Cytoscape 3.8.2软件进行分析,然后,使用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建药物-活性成分-靶点网络图,以获得药物-其他疾病交叉靶点中的核心关键蛋白。将绘制的PPI网络导入Cytoscape 3.8.2软件中,并使用CytoNCA插件对网络进行筛选。利用R语言对OA与太子参药物的交集进行基因本体(GO)功能分析和京都基因组和基因组学百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,得到GO及KEGG富集分析结果。通过PubChem数据库下载PPI网络核心靶标对应的小分子配体3D结构的SDF文件,利用“1-CLICK DOCKING”在线工具进行分子对接,下载PDB结果文件再用Discovery Studio软件绘制残基-配体交互情况。结果 本研究预测太子参治疗OA的活性成分25个,靶点57个,关键活性成分包括木犀草素等5个活性成分,经过两次筛选得到核心靶点为MAPK1、CCND1、JUN、TP53、CASP3、BCL2L1、AKT1、EGFR;GO和KEGG分析结果显示,太子参通过以上关键靶点,影响PI3K-Akt、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路等6个主要通路,在预防和治疗OA中发挥作用;分子对接验证木犀草素与关键靶点EGFR、CAP3、AKT1、TP53的结合性最好。结论 本研究揭示了太子参通过多途径、多靶点防治OA的作用,为进一步研究其防治OA作用提供了基础。

太子参幼苗冻害气象指标研究

【目的】在2024年2月底的降温冻雨天气过程中,施秉县牛大场、白垛太子参基地的太子参幼苗出现了不同程度的冻害,为了寻找冻害产生的气象原因。【方法】该文对调查点附近自动气象观测的气温、降水等资料进行了统计分析,对比不同海拔高度的太子参幼苗冻害程度,得到太子参苗期的冻害指标。【结果】太子参幼苗具有较强的耐低温能力,但在长时间的低温冰冻天气中太子参幼苗将会出现冻害,且冻害程度随覆冰时间增加、最低气温的降低、负积温的增加和降水量的增大而加重。在冻雨天气里,当日最低气温连续3 d维持在-4~-5℃之间,负积温达到12.5℃·d,持续覆冰2~3 d时,太子参幼苗会出现轻微冻害;当日最低气温连续3 d维持在-5~-6℃,负积温超过18.0℃·d,持续覆冰3~5 d时,太子参幼苗有明显冻害;当连续3 d的日最低气温≤-6℃,负积温超过20.0℃·d,持续覆冰时间超过5 d时,太子参幼苗有严重的冻害。【结论】太子参苗期冻害气象指标来自于生产实践,适合于贵州黔东南太子参种植基地,对黔东南太子参生产的气象服务具有一定指导意义。

8个不同产地太子参对脾虚及免疫功能的影响

江苏宜兴、福建拓荣、安徽广德、山东重沟、山东临沐、上海、安徽朗溪、安徽宣州等产地太子参75％醇提物对小鼠脾虚及细胞免疫功能低下均具有改善作用,它们能降低小鼠脾虚阳性发生率,升高脾虚小鼠体重、肛温、胸腺指数及脾脏指数,延长脾虚小鼠低温游泳时间和常压耐缺氧时间,并能增强强的松龙免疫抑制小鼠的迟发型超敏反应。其中以安徽宣州太子参改善小鼠脾虚症状效果最好。

太子参药材中环肽A、B含量分析及其动态研究

目的分析不同产区、地域及采收时间太子参中环肽A(HA)、B(HB)含量变化,为探索太子参药材品质形成过程提供基础资料。方法用高效液相色谱法同时测定太子参中HA、HB含量。结果不同产区、同一产区不同地域及不同采收时间太子参中HA、HB的含量存在差异,HA、HB的动态积累具有一定规律。结论不同产区太子参中HA、HB的含量及其比值具有差异相关性,太子参中HA、HB的最高积累总值时间段与传统采收期基本一致。

连作年限对太子参产量及品质的影响

为实现太子参高产优质栽培,研究了连作年限对太子参产量及品质(多糖及皂苷含量)的影响。结果表明:连作对太子参产量产生极显著影响,其中,连作2年的比生地减产30%左右,连作3年以上的产量比生地减产50%以上;连作对太子参总皂苷含量影响极显著,对多糖含量影响不显著。

太子参提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

通过清除自由基、抗脂质过氧化活力测定,对太子参提取物体外抗氧化活性进行研究.结果表明,太子参水提取物、醇提取物、皂甙粗提物清除DPPH的IC_(50)值分别为6.13、3.61和2.89 mg/L,清除羟自由基的活力分别为70.9、77.3和871.8 U/mg,清除超氧阴离子自由基的活力分别为0.55、1.93和7.71 U/mg.对亚油酸氧化的抑制率分别为0.5%、24.2%和26.9%,对H_2O_2诱导血细胞溶解的抑制率分别为22.4%、33.2%、45.6%.太子参提取物具有明显抗氧化活性,皂甙粗提物活性优于水提取物和醇提取物.

太子参的生物学与化学成分的研究进展

太子参是华东地区主产的大宗药材之一,大面积栽培已有30多年的历史。近年来,国内外学者对太子参开展了多方面的研究。现就其形态结构、生长发育、种子休眠、良种选育等生物学特性及其主要药用成分苷类、多糖类、氨基酸类、挥发性成分、微量元素等的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后的生产和研究提供参考。

基于UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS技术分析不同产地太子参的差异化学成分

基于超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱法(UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS)结合多元统计分析技术对不同产地太子参的化学成分差异性进行研究。通过二级串联质谱分析,对峰匹配、峰对齐、滤噪处理等进行特征峰提取;用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)进行数据处理;根据一级质谱精确质荷比和二级质谱碎片信息,结合软件数据库搜索及相关文献进行成分鉴定。结果显示:3个不同产地太子参样品间的化学组成得到有效区分;初步筛选并鉴定出21个不同产地太子参间差异显著的化学成分,其中有麦芽三糖、蔗糖、甲酰原氨酸、次黄苷三磷酸、太子参环肽甲、太子参环肽乙、太子参环肽己、太子参环肽丁、太子参环肽A和鞘氨醇等10个共有的差异化学成分。该结果可为揭示生态环境对太子参代谢物合成积累的影响规律提供基础资料。

太子参总提取物对环磷酰胺处理动物免疫功能及胸腺、脾脏核酸含量的影响

太子参总提取物 ig 1～4g/kg×12d,能明显对抗环磷酰胺(Cy,100mg/kg×12d,ig)所致的胸腺、脾脏的重量减轻,并增加胸腺 DNA、RNA 和脾脏 DNA 含量,但对脾脏 RNA 含量降低无明显改善作用。提取物对 Cy 所致 T、B 淋巴细胞转化功能低下、白细胞吞噬功能降低及迟发型超敏反应(DTH)减弱均有明显对抗作用,并能增加外周血白细胞数,但该提取物对 Cy 所致小鼠CRBC 溶血素生成抑制的作用不明显。