NEW SAR IMAGE INTERPRETATION METHOD OF AIRCRAFT BASED ON JOINT TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

With the continuous improvement of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) resolution, interpreting the small targets like aircraft in SAR images becomes possible and turn out to be a hot spot in SAR application research. However, due to the complexity of SAR imaging mechanism, interpreting targets in SAR images is a tough problem. This paper presents a new aircraft interpretation method based on the joint time-frequency analysis and multi-dimensional contrasting of basic structures. Moreover, SAR data acquisition experiment is designed for interpreting the aircraft. Analyzing the experiment data with our method, the result shows that the proposed method largely makes use of the SAR data information. The reasonable results can provide some auxiliary support for the SAR images manual interpretation.

Moderate Interpretation with Attribute Analysis and 3d Visualization for Deeper Prospects of Balkassar Field, Central Potwar, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

Balkassar is an old field with considerable remaining potential. The 2d, 3d seismic and earlier vintages show that Balkassar is composed of two folds that impart heart shaped geometry. It appears likely the early Eocene age Bhadrar formation may provide commercial production with lower water cuts from the eastern lobe (yet untapped) of the structure that may have at least 30 million barrels of unrecovered oil. Horizontal drilling may have promise as an optimum technique for recovery of oil from Paleogene reservoirs. Encouraging oil indications have also been recorded from the early Permian age tobra formation from Balkassar oxy-1 that was not tested by Oxy. Tobra sandstone reservoir can have a matrix porosity approaching 8%. When fractured recoveries from it can be relatively better than the Paleogene reservoirs. The 2D and 3D seismic acquisition has confirmed that the eastern lobe (yet untapped) of the Balkassar field is structurally higher and steeper than the Western lobe which has thus far produced over 30 million barrels. The Eastern lobe thus offers good potential for recovery of oil from the Bhadrar reservoir. The entire field is likely to have potential for recovery of oil from the early Eocene aged Tobra formation. 2-d and 3-D Seismic data interpretation, attribute analysis and visualization for deeper prospect carried in Balksasar field. Tobra and Khewra formation studied for deeper potential drilling. Time contour and depth contour map shows potential for deeper prospects. Also attribute analysis and 3d visualization show good results for deeper potential of Tobra and Khewar formations. Seismic amplitude, Reflection strength, Apparent polarity attribute are visualized and interpreted to find the potential for Tobra and Khewra formation. 3-D visualization also showed positive results for Tobra and Khewra formations.

Analysis and interpretation on the concrete quality of shaft lining by elastic wave technique

The quality problem of the concrete body and backwall grouting of shaft lining must be taken into consideration during the engineering construction of the shaft. Detection and evaluation are needed to determine the parameters such as the location and depth of drilling. The record of elastic wave can be gained through laying the surveying lines of the ring and ver- tical direction in the shaft lining by the elastic wave method. And specifically, through analyzing the different parameters of seismic attribute such as the velocity of high frequency reflection wave, amplitude and frequency, the abnormal range on the wall or under the wall can be forecasted. The concrete quality of shallow layer in the shaft lining can be evaluated through the velocity of surfer wave. Using the evaluating technique of comprehensive frequency and the phase feature of waveform, the basic features such as inner construction, wall back filling and failure depth of shaft lining can be interpreted from qualitatively to half quantitatively, and the interpreting section can be drawn. The results show that the detection effect for the shaft quality is significant by elastic wave technique, and the delineation of abnormal areas is accurate. Its guidance function is better for pro- duction.

Intelligent geochemical interpretation of mass chromatograms:Based on convolution neural network

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)is an extremely important analytical technique that is widely used in organic geochemistry.It is the only approach to capture biomarker features of organic matter and provides the key evidence for oil-source correlation and thermal maturity determination.However,the conventional way of processing and interpreting the mass chromatogram is both timeconsuming and labor-intensive,which increases the research cost and restrains extensive applications of this method.To overcome this limitation,a correlation model is developed based on the convolution neural network(CNN)to link the mass chromatogram and biomarker features of samples from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China.In this way,the mass chromatogram can be automatically interpreted.This research first performs dimensionality reduction for 15 biomarker parameters via the factor analysis and then quantifies the biomarker features using two indexes(i.e.MI and PMI)that represent the organic matter thermal maturity and parent material type,respectively.Subsequently,training,interpretation,and validation are performed multiple times using different CNN models to optimize the model structure and hyper-parameter setting,with the mass chromatogram used as the input and the obtained MI and PMI values for supervision(label).The optimized model presents high accuracy in automatically interpreting the mass chromatogram,with R2values typically above 0.85 and0.80 for the thermal maturity and parent material interpretation results,respectively.The significance of this research is twofold:(i)developing an efficient technique for geochemical research;(ii)more importantly,demonstrating the potential of artificial intelligence in organic geochemistry and providing vital references for future related studies.

Log interpretation of carbonate rocks based on petrophysical facies constraints

The complex pore structure of carbonate reservoirs hinders the correlation between porosity and permeability.In view of the sedimentation,diagenesis,testing,and production characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in the study area,combined with the current trends and advances in well log interpretation techniques for carbonate reservoirs,a log interpretation technology route of“geological information constraint+deep learning”was developed.The principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to establish lithology identification criteria with an accuracy of 91%.The Bayesian stepwise discriminant method was used to construct a sedimentary microfacies identification method with an accuracy of 90.5%.Based on production data,the main lithologies and sedimentary microfacies of effective reservoirs were determined,and 10 petrophysical facies with effective reservoir characteristics were identified.Constrained by petrophysical facies,the mean interpretation error of porosity compared to core analysis results is 2.7%,and the ratio of interpreted permeability to core analysis is within one order of magnitude,averaging 3.6.The research results demonstrate that deep learning algorithms can uncover the correlation in carbonate reservoir well logging data.Integrating geological and production data and selecting appropriate machine learning algorithms can significantly improve the accuracy of well log interpretation for carbonate reservoirs.

Data mining and well logging interpretation: application to a conglomerate reservoir

Data mining is the process of extracting implicit but potentially useful information from incomplete, noisy, and fuzzy data. Data mining offers excellent nonlinear modeling and self-organized learning, and it can play a vital role in the interpretation of well logging data of complex reservoirs. We used data mining to identify the lithologies in a complex reservoir. The reservoir lithologies served as the classification task target and were identified using feature extraction, feature selection, and modeling of data streams. We used independent component analysis to extract information from well curves. We then used the branch-and- bound algorithm to look for the optimal feature subsets and eliminate redundant information. Finally, we used the C5.0 decision-tree algorithm to set up disaggregated models of the well logging curves. The modeling and actual logging data were in good agreement, showing the usefulness of data mining methods in complex reservoirs.

The Research and Application of Bright Spot Quantitative Interpretation in Deepwater Exploration

Prospectors usually recognize the event with strong amplitude in seismic sections as bright spots. However, such a simple and rough method can’t distinguish whether these bright spots are related to favorable gas layer or water layer directly. In this paper, for the high correlation between reservoir gascontent and amplitude anomaly in research area, based on rock physical analysis of the wells drilled, using forward modeling technique respectively simulates and analyzes the seismic amplitude of gas layer and water layer. Then, combining the simulation result with corresponding statistics amplitude obtains the numerical relationship between each layer amplitude. At last, using the display technique directly recognizes the bright spots of gas layer in seismic profile and gets rid of those false bright spots caused by water layer, which improved the robustness in the bright spots interpretation and provided reliable basis for reducing exploration risks. Moreover, applying the method to the target zone, we obtain huge success.

Pitfalls in interpretation of shallow seismic data

High-resolution shallow seismic methods are the most widely used geophysical methods in near surface characterization. However, in many cases interpreting the seismic images can be misleading. In this article, we present three case studies where results from P-wave seismic reflection, SH-wave seismic reflection, and multi-channel analysis of surface wave （MASW） surveys were incorrectly interpreted because of inadequate constraints on either the surveyed sites surface or subsurface conditions. A P-wave reflection survey feature was first interpreted as a shallow fault zone but it was later determined to result from a high level of background noise as the acquisition passed through a road intersection. A SH-wave seismic reflection survey feature was interpreted to be a reverse dip-slip fault but targeted drilling showed it was deep local erosion into the bedrock surface. Finally, in an MASW survey, a steeply dipping feature was first interpreted as a bedrock valley. However, later exploratory drilling showed the feature to be a shallow layer of very soft lake sediment that severely damped most of the applied surface wave frequency band. Although initial interpretations were incorrect, they stimulated discussions among geophysicists and geologists and underscored the need for meaningful cooperation and discourse between the scientists before, during, and after geophysical data acquisition.

Arteriovenous Graft Modeling and Hemodynamic Interpretation

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) is artificially made with graft for hemodialysis in the patients with renal failure. Stenosis in the arterial or venous anastomosis of AVG results in its malfunction. Here, we made an AVG hemodynamic model with three different anastomotic angles (20°, 30°, 40°) and analyzed hemodynamic parameters such as velocity vectors, WSS and OSI in the arterial and venous anastomosis to find what helps in developing new surgical techniques to reduce stenosis in the anastomosis. Recirculation flow, low WSS and high OSI in the venous anastomosis were demonstrated in 30° and 40°?models, and recirculation flow, high WSS and high OSI in the arterial anastomosis were shown in all models. Conclusively, higher anastomosis angle in the venous anastomosis cause stenosis, but stenosis in the arterial anastomosis happens irregardless of anastomosis angle.

Multivariate Analysis, Description, and Ecological Interpretation of Weed Vegetation in the Summer Crop Fields of Anhui Province, China

Two surveys were conducted to investigate weed vegetation in a 153-hm^2 sampling area of summer crop fields from Anhui Province, China, through visual scoring of the level of weed infestation compared with summer crops on a seven-class scale. In total, 155 sampling sites were selected in the field based on crops, tillage, rotation systems, geographical regions, and soil types across the province. Data on weed communities and environmental factors were collected and analyzed through principal component analysis （PCA） and canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, and the output was interpreted ecologically. Results showed that the main factors influencing the structure and distribution of weed communities in summer crop fields were the soil submersion period, latitude, and soil type and pH. The CCA indicated a significant relationship between weed dominance and soil submersion duration, latitude, and soil pH. From the result of the PCA and CCA ordination, the 155 sampling sites could be divided into three groups based on geographic and floristic composition, as well as weed abundance. The southern dry land group, which was characterized by a double-cropping system in the hilly regions of southern and central Anhui Province with a continuous summer crop and an autumn dry land crop, was dominated by Galium aparine Linn. var. tenerum （Gren. et Godr） Robb., Avenafatua L., and Veronica persica Poir. The northern dry land group, which had the same cropping system as the southern dry land group, was dominated by G. aparine var. tenerum, Galium tricorne Stokes, Descurainia sophia （L.） Schur., and Lithospermum arvense L. in the North Anhui Province, China. These two dry land groups could be combined into one large dry land group, in which the Galium weed vegetation type dominated. The third group was the paddy soil group, which was characterized by a continu- ous summer crop and double- or triple-cropping systems of rice, and prevailed in the south and central areas of Anhui Province; Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. was the dominant weed in this group. Other main weeds in this group included Malachium aquaticum （L.） Fries, Stellaria alsine Grimm, Alopecurusjaponicus Steud., and Lapsana apogonoides Maxim. Thus, the weed community distributions in this group were described as the Alopecurus weed vegetation type. The paddy soil group could be divided into two subgroups, one southern and one central paddy soil subgroup. A strategy for integrated weed management is suggested according to the weed distribution pattern. The present study serves as a good example of how a quantitative research method was used to associate a visual estimate of weed infestation with multivariate analyses, such as PCA and CCA, and how this method can be applied to the study of weed vegetation on arable land.

Seclusion Room in Psychiatric Setting (National Center for Mental Health): Policy Analysis

Background: Improving the quality of care in psychiatric settings is the most important goal of policy through the delivery of a comprehensive care, treatment, control, protection, and rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders. The main concern in mental health care is the continuing use of seclusion and the slow pace of change. Purpose: Analyze the seclusion room policy in National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) in Jordan to recognize the issue and present alternative solutions in order to modify and improve the current seclusion room policy. Method: The authors got seclusion room policy from NCMH;the method in this analysis will be used six-step model;and then searched the database for alternatives using EBSCO, PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Ovid. Result: The authors discuss use medications, training program, manipulate environment, de-escalation technique, and status quo alternatives that helps in minimizing use of seclusion, decreasing the incidence of aggressive behaviors occurrences, and decreasing unsafe behaviors against health care providers in the psychiatric settings. Conclusion: Manipulates environment is the best alternative after evaluated alternatives according to criteria.

Interpretation and Sentence Partitioning Using Structure Analysis for Sentence Comprehension

In reading practice,our students have encountered two problems.One is that long sentences that contain objective clause,attributive clause,adverbial clause,prepositional phrases and participial phrases are beyond their comprehension.The other problem is that some English sentences that consist of native English phrases and ordinary words are also thought to be difficult to understand.The goal of this paper is to present two methods,one of which is about partitioning long sentences using structure analysis and finding the conjunctions of clauses as the partitioning points,the other of which is about interpretation in English with the help of bilingual dictionary or English-English dictionary,in order to help students improve their sentence comprehension.

Analysis on the Theory of Blow-up and Verification on Numerical Prediction of Heavy Rain in Sichuan Basin

By dint of V-3θ diagram from the Blown-up theory,a continuous heavy rain process in western Sichuan basin from July 14 to 17,2009 is analyzed in this paper.Situation field and precipitation of ECWMF and T213 are verified and discussed.Results show that V-3θ diagram can describe the heavy rain process accurately.Combining with additional conventional weather charts,experience and numerical forecast products,the heavy rain falling area is determined.The forecast accuracy of situation field of EC is significantly higher than that of T213 and the forecast accuracy of T213 for heavy rain forecast is relatively low.

Use of the Polynomial Separation and the Gravity Spectral Analysis to Estimate the Depth of the Northern Logone Birni Sedimentary Basin (CAMEROON)

Many scientists used the power spectrum of the gravity anomaly to obtain the average depth of the disturbing surface or equivalently the average depth to the top of the disturbing body. The spectrum of gravity anomaly due to layered source is separated into multiple segments in frequency domain that can be interpreted in terms of mean depth of the interface. The half of the slope of the segments gives the mean depth of the interfaces. This study aims to estimate the average residual depth anomalies of various regions of the northern Logone Birni sedimentary basin of Cameroon using polynomial separation of gravity anomalies, and spectral analysis along different profiles (segments). The profiles were derived from residual anomaly maps obtained by fitting the Bouguer anomalies, the interpretation used polynomial separation and depth average was done using spectral analysis. Positive and negative residual gravity anomalies were highlighted and their interpretation revealed the structural directions of the sedimentary basin (NW-SE and NE-SW), as well as an intimate relationship between the negative anomalies and the northern Logone Birni sedimentary basin. Three distinct residual anomalies were identified over the Goulfey, Tom Merifine and Tourba basin with an average depth varying between 0.24 km and 4.55 km.

Sparse-Spike Deconvolution Promoting Frequency Dependent Seismic Stratigraphic Analysis and an Application

Low-frequency components of seismic data tend to characterize thicker litho-stratigraphic units, while high-frequency components tend to characterize thinner isochronous-stratigraphic units. Thus, frequency dependent interpretation can help to achieve fine sedimentary sequence analysis. However, in current seismic sedimentology method, a certain frequency profile generated by frequency filtering, loses some stratum reflection information, which is out of the limited frequency band. To achieve real frequency dependent stratum reflection profiles with whole stratum information, a time-varying sparse-spiking deconvolution based method is proposed in this paper. A synthetic example and a real delta progradation example show the accuracy and effectiveness of proposed method.

System structural analysis of communication networks based on DEMATEL-ISM and entropy

A method of system structural analysis based on decision making trial and evaluation laboratory together with interpretative structural modeling(DEMATEL-ISM) and entropy is proposed to clarify system structure of communication networks and analyze mutual influencing degree between different networks.Mutual influencing degree and importance degree of elements are both considered to determine weights of elements,and the entropy of expert judgment results is used to omit unimportant influence relation and simplify system structure.Structural analysis on communication networks system shows that the proposed method can quantificationally present weights and mutual influencing degree of elements,and reasonably simplify system structure.The results indicate the rationality and feasibility of the method.

Vulnerable and without protection: Lifetime experiences of abuse and its influence on mental ill health -—An interview study among Swedish women within general psychiatric care

Violence against women is a major global public health issue, and experiencing violence has substantial consequences for the lives of abused women. This study aims to illustrate experiences of abuse and its influence on mental ill health among women seeking general psychiatric care. Ten women seeking general psychiatric care in southern Sweden participated in a qualitative interview study. Content analysis resulted in four categories: Living in fear that persistently influences the substance of life, living with the sense of being worthless, living with a constant question about who you are and living between hope and despair. The theme evolving from the analysis was: Being vulnerable and without protection in a frightful reality that limits one’s possibilities of living and being the person one wishes to be. The results showed that the women described their mental ill health not only in terms of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation and self-harm, but also in relation to feelings of hope and despair, fear, worthlessness and living with a constant question about who they are. The abuse reduces freedom of action, and leads to feelings of insecurity, of not having any boundaries, isolation, and self-contempt and a need to escape. This study provides knowledge of abused women self-reported mental ill health in relation to abuse.

Marx and Engels' Interpretation of Ideology from Multiple Perspectives

意识形态的解释,是马克思主义的重大命题。马克思恩格斯在创建历史唯物主义的科学探索中,在对德国为代表的整个资本主义社会文化的批判中,始终将意识形态问题的唯物主义究诘作为与唯心主义斗争的焦点。他们执守"人们的社会存在决定人们的意识"这一根本思想原则,从经济生活、政治生活、精神生活的相互联系界说意识形态的反应机制和社会功能;从社会意识与社会主体互生成、互规定的关系界说意识形态的主体性机制和阶级属性;从社会意识的存在样式及其知、行关系界说意识形态的认识特征和实践性品格。由此,构建了解释意识形态现象的三大向度与九个视角,阐明了理解意识形态的思想原理和科学方法。

The nurses’ voice of working in a newly established community based 24-hour support center for people with psychiatric disabilities

This study explores the perceptions of a small group of nurses working at a newly established 24-hour community-based service enter (SC) for users with psychiatric disability using a qualitative approach. Since the mental health reform in Sweden in 1995 where the communities (in Sweden called municipalities) were given the responsibility to establish service and support to people with severe psychiatric disabilities, they have struggled in finding suitable forms of these kinds of areas. In 2010, this led to the creation and development of a new center aiming to provide services and support based on the expressed needs of people with physchiatric disability in a community located in southern Sweden. During 2011, a total of three group interviews were performed to capture the employed nurses’ perceptions of this newly established SC. The interview texts were analyzed by way of qualitative content analysis. A first reading of the interview texts revealed that the nurses’ perceptions of the service center were unwaveringly positive but that their beliefs about who the specific target group were differed. The main finding was summarized by the theme: Making a difference—on an individual, professional, and organizational level. The sub themes were: 24-hour availability, unclear assignment, and preventing mental illness. The findings indicate a need for a community round-the-clock service center in this Swedish community and a more clear definition of the target group.

Experiences of Psychiatric Day-Care Patients during the Introductory Period in Japan

Psychiatric day care plays an important role as transitional support after discharge in Japan. However, interruption rate of the day care treatment is high during the introductory period. The purpose of this study was to clarify the experiences of psychiatric day-care patients during the introductory period and find an approach to care. A qualitative study with thirteen patients at the introductory period was designed to explore participant’s experiences through semi-structured interviews. At first, patients were confused about their attitude because they paid attention to themselves, and consequently closed their involvement with others. However, through therapeutic day care activities, they attempted to adapt themselves and gradually turned their attention toward others and accumulated interpersonal experiences. As interactions with others became more frequent, they became conscious of themselves and others. Finally, while having worries about the future, they looked toward recovery and became aware that they were changing. Experiences of patients during the introductory period were essential to their recovery and gave meaning to their day care usage. Nurses should collaborate with patients to determine whether day care would serve to open a patient’s life to new possibilities.