Research on Public Engineering Emergency Decision-Making Based on Multi-Granularity Language Information

To effectively deal with fuzzy and uncertain information in public engineering emergencies,an emergency decision-making method based on multi-granularity language information is proposed.Firstly,decision makers select the appropriate language phrase set according to their own situation,give the preference information of the weight of each key indicator,and then transform the multi-granularity language information through consistency.On this basis,the sequential optimization technology of the approximately ideal scheme is introduced to obtain the weight coefficient of each key indicator.Subsequently,the weighted average operator is used to aggregate the preference information of each alternative scheme with the relative importance of decision-makers and the weight of key indicators in sequence,and the comprehensive evaluation value of each scheme is obtained to determine the optimal scheme.Lastly,the effectiveness and practicability of the method are verified by taking the earthwork collapse accident in the construction of a reservoir as an example.

Matching Consequences and Causes in Crisis Public Relations

This exploratory study examines the phenomenon of consequence cause matching,which is based on the representativeness heuristic,from cognitive psychology,upon crisis management and public relations.A 2(Large Scale Crisis vs.Small Scale Crisis)×2(Large Scale Cause vs.Small Scale Cause)mixed factorial design experiment was conducted based upon a hypothetical crisis scenario.This study found initial evidence that consequence cause matching is a phenomenon that can impact the process of attribution for a crisis.It highlights a potential new area of theoretical growth for the situational crisis communication theory.

Understanding the Impact of Economic Crisis on the Distribution of Organizational Decision-Making Authority

Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.

Decision-Making Model of Public Service Facility Configuration in Multi-agent Communities and Its Application

The decision-making process of the public service facility configuration in multi-agent community is usually simplistic and static.In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects including of residents,real estate developers and the government,a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents.Taking a community to the east of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example,the model analyzed the decision-makers' adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision-making criteria.The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.

The Internet,Public Crisis and Social Identity

The Internet reconstructs the order of information dissemination and power relations during a public crisis and facilitates the redistribution of discourse power. Therefore, from a micro perspective, it further complicates a specific crisis;while from a macro perspective, it intensifies the uncertainty of social risks. In the context of a public crisis, through the redistribution of discourse power, the Internet promotes competitions among a diversity of opinions and disintegrates the traditional mechanism of opinion expression, the mechanism of social trust and the legitimate mechanism of decision making and power exercising. In the meantime, the Internet also creates space for social actions. This space, integrating the virtual space with the real world, enables the public to"upgrade"from onlookers and expressers to active movers. Dialogue among plural subjects in the society should be deemed a basic notion and the approach to public crisis management in the era of the Internet should renew the discourse order, reconstruct the mechanisms of trust and legitimacy, and cultivate a sense of identity and community in a pluralist context.

Study of Tourism Public Governance Vis-à-vis Crisis Management

This paper,taking into consideration the tour guides'protest actions in Guilin on July,26,2012 as an example,is a study on tourism public governance vis-à-vis crisis management.It holds that the basic goal of tourism public governance is the prevention of and resolution to public crises,wherefore the need to raise its scientific level of decision-making.It discusses the internal relations between the basic goal and the appraisal of the causes and effects of public policy on tourism governance,with the aim to present theoretical guidance on future actions and decisions,to improve on the current mode of tourism governance,towards the establishment of a new scientific system in this respect.

A Concept Analysis of Decision-Making by Families in Critical Life Situations

Background: In 2017, the elderly made up 27.3% of Japan’s population, accounting for 57.2% of all ambulance trips. When an elderly person is in a critical life situation, it is difficult to ascertain their decisions about treatment choices, and for family members who become surrogate decision-makers, this is a grave responsibility. Aim: This study aimed to shed light on the constructs that support decision-making by family members and medical staff in critical situations, and to investigate decision-making by families of the elderly in critical situations. Method: We selected 29 papers published in Japan and elsewhere that focused on families involved in treatment decisions in critical life situations and analyzed them using Rodgers’ concept analysis approach. Results: From 475 codes, we extracted six attributes, four antecedents, and four consequences. The unusual setting of the “critical care unit”, lack of time, and unstable psychological state are all considered by family members making treatment decisions, along with the patient’s prognosis, their relationship with the patient, conjecture about the patient’s wishes, and taking other family member’s views into account. Medical staff supports the family throughout the process, through provision of treatment, preparing family members to face reality, empathizing with the difficulty of decision-making, building relationships with family members, monitoring the decision-making process, and being attentive to family members’ feelings until the end. Conclusion: Our results indicate the importance of advance confirmation of patients’ wishes, and the role played by cultural context and family relations in decision-making by family members of the elderly.

Characteristics of Decision-Making by Family Members When Older Adults Are Hospitalized in Emergency Cases with Life-Threatening Conditions

Aim: This study aims to elucidate decision-making characteristics based on interviews with family members with experience in having to select treatments for older adult patients who have been hospitalized following emergency transport to the hospital. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals with experience in surrogate decision-making for an older adult family member. Methods: The recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim, divided into minimum semantic units, and coded. Next, categories and subcategories were abstracted. A comparison was made with the conceptual constructs of a previous study that examined decision-making by families in a life-threatening crisis. Results: Four categories were extracted from 489 antecedents, 370 attributes, and 388 consequences. One new category was abstracted for each of: 1) antecedents: observing abnormalities and responding, while being worried about death;2) attributes: deliberating on the patient prognosis, the relationship with the patient, and what they believe the patient would want;and 3) consequences: continuing support during convalescence. It is desirable to provide support based on the characteristics of families of older adults, including considering the psychological burden on the families who make surrogate decisions, and also the burden of subsequent caregiving because it is not and in the present environment has not been common for patients to express their wishes beforehand.

Ready or Not: Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte and Her Crisis Response Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using Situational Crisis Communication Theory(SCCT)by Coombs(2007),this study analyses the case of Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte’s CoViD-19 Crisis and her crisis response strategy to address the situation.The study looks at the crisis communication of Quezon City on issues stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic.The SCCT provides a framework for the organization facing a different complex case of crisis to protect the reputational organization’s assets.The organization’s ability to select the most appropriate and beneficial response helps them deal with an emergency and crisis(Coombs,2007).Simultaneously,in this paper,SCCT was used to examine the stakeholder’s perceptions about the organization’s action and response by Mayor Belmonte on the crisis.This paper concludes Mayor Belmonte did not follow the recommendations of SCCT by combining Deny,such as Attacks the Accuser,Deny and Scapegoat tactics,and Diminish strategies such as Excuse and Justice tactics,to respond to the wide variety of stakeholder’s groups.Mayor Belmonte’s crisis response strategies and tactics do not align with the SCCT.The theory recommends corrective action and response such as Rebuild as well as Bolstering strategies are“considered as the most effective communication of crisis response strategy when an organization perceived a strong attribution of crisis responsibility and results in a severe reputational threat”(Coombs,2007).By reviewing the situation that Mayor Belmonte faced,this paper concludes that she was under severe threat.Mayor Belmonte’s CoViD-19 crisis is the preventable cluster based on the overall stakeholder’s perception of the crisis.The preventable cluster considered her primary,secondary,and additional stakeholders.It depicted an organizational misdeed with and without injuries,and the appropriate responses to adapt to re-establish the organization’s reputation is a Rebuild strategy because interventions such as Compensation and Apology should work to improve the organization’s reputation.Conversely,Mayor Belmonte chose to frequently employ Deny strategy(Attacks the Accuser and Scapegoat)and Diminish strategy(Excuse and Justice)to respond to various stakeholders.

4R危机管理视角下的公立医院网络舆情与危机管理对策探析

全媒体时代,网络已成为一个巨大的“舆论场”,每个人都手握“麦克风”。公立医院作为国家医疗服务体系的主体,具有高技术、高风险、高社会关注度等特点,是媒体和网民关注的焦点。因此,公立医院时刻面临着网络舆情危机冲击的风险。笔者以4R危机管理理论为基础,结合南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院舆情管理工作实践及成效,试图对公立医院网络舆情与危机管理工作提出切实可行的建议。

基于感知公平理论的公共危机事件后政府信任修复研究

从公平视角探讨政府信任修复的机理,对于危机管理和信任修复领域具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于感知公平理论和归因理论构建了政府信任修复模型,分析了公共危机事件后公众感知公平、危机事件归因对政府信任修复的作用机理,并采用情景实验法进行实证检验,研究发现:(1)结果公平、程序公平、互动公平修复策略能有效地修复政府信任;(2)三种公平修复策略对于政府认知信任维度和情感信任维度的修复效果存在显著差异;(3)政府对危机事件的责任归属、稳定性归因会影响三种公平修复策略的修复效果。公共危机事件后,政府可以根据信任受损的维度及事件归因选择适当的公平修复策略。

民事公益诉讼的制度危机与程序统合

我国民事公益诉讼的发展可谓壮观,但风生水起的背后隐藏着渐趋严峻的制度危机。危机的三重外在表象是“超简化立法系统性不足”“司法解释规则碎片化趋势”和“程序属性、制度功能异化”,其内在法理本质则是民事公益诉讼“立法”与“司法解释”的实然性功能错位。将欲挽回残局,民事公益诉讼“立法”与“司法解释”须回归应然性功能构造。为此,要立足于党的二十大报告进一步“完善公益诉讼制度”的明确要求,依托已纳入《十四届全国人大常委会立法规划》一类项目之《检察公益诉讼法》(《公益诉讼法》一并考虑)的立法进程,提出“民事公益侵害阻断程序”的理论性支撑概念,结合相关立法的一体化配套修改,推进民事公益诉讼的立法性程序统合。

整体性学习共同体:公共部门危机学习碎片化的治理策略

公共危机的特征决定了危机学习应当是多方协调的知识整合行动。危机事件打断了组织的正常秩序,迫使组织对内部要素进行分析与重构,但碎片化的危机学习无法有效缩减组织智慧盲区,致使治理知识难以匹配复杂危机情境。为切实推动应急管理体系和能力现代化,增强公共部门组织韧性,需将整体性内核嵌入危机学习行动中,促进多主体知识流动,构建信息长效共享的危机学习网络。本研究以整体性治理为分析框架,从理念、主体、机制、制度、技术等层面对当前公共部门危机学习碎片化现象予以分析,归纳出科层权威下的策略应对思维、组织制度惯性、问责负激励等碎片化诱因并提出形塑危机学习共同体的策略。

模因论视角下的舆情危机应对话语互文策略研究

舆情危机应对话语旨在回答质疑、引导舆情向好发展,关键是要说服受众接受舆情引导。为此舆情危机应对话语不仅需要引用亲历者权威、官方权威、机构权威等提升话语权威,还需要引经据典甚至运用不同的语篇类型提高话语的论辩说服力,于是话语的互文性特色十分显然。同时为拉近与受众距离,相关话语还需要模仿各个层阶受众的话语风格,为论辩说服奠定情感基础。与此同时,源头各异的互文材料也需遵从语篇性规则,服务于语篇主旨。

政府危机公关的策略选择及其突破点——危机信息传播及其管理的视角

政府公共关系是指政府机关展示其具备良好的“关系”管理能力的各项行政行为。政府危机公关则是政府在危机事件背景下各部门“关系”维护、改良的能力表现。公共危机情境下政府作为单一信息传播者的垄断地位受到严峻挑战且政府信息传播往往滞后于媒体,尤其是互联网技术的发展使信息传播产生出一个全新的危机传播领域。政府危机公关的策略既要从“稳定压倒一切”转变到“以人为本”,又要重视沟通文化;其危机管理的突破点应是积极掌控新媒体、把互联网打造成为危机公关策略实施的主要平台、设立各级政府媒介独立的危机之窗以搭建政府主导的危机沟通渠道。

数字赋能突发事件网络舆情治理智慧转型:现实困境与策略选择

进入数字化时代以来,我国以AI、大数据、人工智能等为代表的新技术领域加速突破,赋予了突发事件网络舆情治理以新的技术手段,推动了突发事件网络舆情治理的智慧化转型。通过数字赋能下突发事件网络舆情治理的转型逻辑,分析数字赋能突发事件网络舆情治理转型的演化机理及现实困境,从提升主体意识、建立公开共享新格局、建立全方位多层次治理体系、完善舆情治理法律保障、加强网络舆情数字化治理人才队伍建设五个方面提出数字赋能下突发事件网络舆情治理智慧转型的优化策略,为政府突破突发事件网络舆情数字化治理困境提供参考。研究发现,政府利用数字技术手段助力突发事件网络舆情治理智慧转型是推进网络文明建设,提升政府公信力,推动政府治理能力现代化的有效路径。