Research on Public Engineering Emergency Decision-Making Based on Multi-Granularity Language Information

To effectively deal with fuzzy and uncertain information in public engineering emergencies,an emergency decision-making method based on multi-granularity language information is proposed.Firstly,decision makers select the appropriate language phrase set according to their own situation,give the preference information of the weight of each key indicator,and then transform the multi-granularity language information through consistency.On this basis,the sequential optimization technology of the approximately ideal scheme is introduced to obtain the weight coefficient of each key indicator.Subsequently,the weighted average operator is used to aggregate the preference information of each alternative scheme with the relative importance of decision-makers and the weight of key indicators in sequence,and the comprehensive evaluation value of each scheme is obtained to determine the optimal scheme.Lastly,the effectiveness and practicability of the method are verified by taking the earthwork collapse accident in the construction of a reservoir as an example.

Patient Participation in Communication about Treatment Decision-Making for Localized Prostate Cancer during Consultation Visits

Objectives: To describe the communication behaviors of patients and physicians and patient par-ticipation in communication about treatment decision-making during consultation visits for local-ized prostate cancer (LPCa). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 52 men enrolled in the usual care control group of a randomized trial that focused on decision-making for newly diagnosed men with LPCa. We analyzed the patient-physician communication using the transcribed audio-recordings of real-time treatment consultations and a researcher-developed coding tool, including codes for communication behaviors (information giving, seeking, and clarifying/ verifying) and contents of clinical consultations (health histories, survival/mortality, treatment options, treatment impact, and treatment preferences). After qualitative content analysis, we categorized patient participation in communication about treatment-related clinical content, including “none” (content not discussed);“low” (patient listening only);“moderate” (patient providing information or asking questions);and “high” (patient providing information and asking questions). Results: Physicians mainly provided information during treatment decision consultations and patients frequently were not active participants in communication. The participation of patients with low and moderate cancer risk typically was: 1) “moderate and high” in discussing health histories;2) “low” in discussing survival/mortality;3) “low and moderate” in discussing treatment options;4) “none and low” in discussing treatment impacts;and 5) “low” in discussing treatment preferences. Conclusions: Findings suggest opportunities for increasing patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making for LPCa during clinical consultations.

Use of Analogy by Public Health Nurses in Problem Solving for Individual Consultations in Japan: A Multiple Case Study

Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PSS developed in one area (i.e., mental health) could be applied to another area (i.e., maternal health) and whether new PSS could develop in response to PSS gained in another area. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted using interviews. We interviewed 27 consultations from eight Japanese PHNs who consulted in mental health departments before transferring to maternal health departments. The data on how PHNs applied PSS in the selection, mapping, evaluation, and learning stages of the analogy process were extracted from transcribed interviewed data and compared. Results: PHNs provided 59 PSS used in 27 consultations. All PHNs applied past mental health PSS to solve new problems in maternal health. They tended to select past PSS based on structural similarity and to apply PSS via low-level abstraction in serious situations or preventively to avoid causing the current situation to worsen. Notably, PHNs developed maternal health PSS by using past mental health PSS;these new PSS were derived through analogy from various failures and successes. Conclusions: PSS developed in one area can be applied in another area, and new PSS can develop through applying these previous PSS. Identification of structural similarities and preventive analogies must be included in nursing education, especially for nurses working in public health fields.

Decision-Making Model of Public Service Facility Configuration in Multi-agent Communities and Its Application

The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.

Public Consultation of International Cosmetics Standard Chinese Name Directory(2018 Version) by the State Drug Administration

On 7 September, 2018, the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2016 Sixteenth Edition) published by Personal Care Products Council, U.S., was translated by the China Food and Drug Administration in order to further manage registration and record-keeping of cosmetics. The International Cosmetics Standard Chinese Name Directory (2018 version) was then generated and asked for public consultation. Enterprises and individuals may give their feedback and opinions to China Food and Drug Administration in the form of E-mail before 10 October, 2018.

The Uniqueness and Effects of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Diplomacy in China's Public Diplomacy

As the further development of globalization,the conception and category are deepening and expanding,and at the same time the forms of diplomacy are more diversified as international subject 's diversification.China's diplomacy is more than just a governmental behavior,because Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Diplomacy is more and more playing an important role in China 's public diplomacy.Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is leading and supplying the civil diplomacy development by its own uniqueness and becoming a powerful force in China's diplomatic field.

Assessment of a Public Participation Tool by Experts: A Case Study of Quebec, Canada

In theory, sustainable forest management (SFM) puts public participation at the epicenter of the decision-making process. However, in reality, the situation is different. The growing importance of public participation seems essential for the implementation of sustainable forest management. The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of a theoretical concept closely related to SFM, integrated land and resource management (ILRM). This Canadian concept aims to integrate many forest functions using participatory tools. Using semi-structured interviews with experts, we clarify our theoretical concept and adapt it to reality. Our results show that better communication between stakeholders is necessary. It is also important to increase the flexibility of the timber harvest system and adapted forest zoning should be considered. A new concept, the forest culture, seems to be a key element that needs to be considered upstream of forest management. A new definition of ILRM is proposed in order to better reach social values.

Practice of the fourth national hyperbaric oxygen medicine week publicity campaign in China

Objective:We launched the fourth national hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)medicine week publicity campaign in China to increase patients’and medical professionals’understanding of HBO medicine and expand the influence of HBO.Methods:The theme of 2019 was“Oxygen protects life,healthy China”.The main components of the campaign were free medical consultation,free HBO experience,and telemedicine lectures.At least one component was required for each participating hospital.Results:(1)In total,195 hospitals in 26 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities directly under the central government participated in the campaign.Shandong province of China had the highest number of hospitals in a single area(48 hospitals);(2)The free medical consultation was organized by the HBO department.In some hospitals,other medical professionals were also invited.Among all hospitals,up to 13 different HBO-related departments participated;(3)The free HBO experiences were held in some hospitals,and the number of experiences ranged from one to three per person;(4)Three telemedicine lectures involving a total of 8 live interactions were held in 55 different hospitals.Lecture videos were provided to play locally in hospitals without the setting necessary for live interactions.Conclusion:Our campaigns created a brand effect beginning in 2016.In the herein-described 2019 study,we considered the previous three campaigns and explored different methods of publicizing HBO medicine in China,including telemedicine.

公共卫生治理专家咨询制度的法治探寻

专家咨询制度是公共卫生治理中提升科学理性的重要机制。专家咨询适用于专业性、技术性较强,涉及重大公共利益和具有高度争议性的决策事项。应探究行政任务与专家咨询形式之间的匹配性,在处于科学前沿并兼具高度政策考量的公共卫生治理领域,合议制咨询形式更具制度优势。应健全专家遴选机制,从专家个人资质和成员构成两个角度明确遴选标准,完善专家遴选程序。在专家咨询程序方面,应健全专家利益冲突回避制度,完善专家咨询会议制度和会议程序,专家咨询意见对行政机关不具备法律上的拘束力,但具有事实上的影响力。应构建专家咨询制度的监督机制,完善专家咨询公开制度,加强咨询专家的说明理由要求,激活司法审查的监督功能。

远程医疗对我国公立医院运营的影响

目的:分析远程医疗功能对公立医院运营的影响,特别关注其对不同专业技术等级医院的异质性作用,以深入理解远程医疗在弥补医疗资源配置不均衡方面的现实意义。方法:利用《2022卫生健康信息化统计调查数据报告》调查数据,对8944家公立医院进行横断面研究,使用多元线性模型、倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)、分组回归等方法,评估远程医疗对医院收入、诊疗人次、住院人次的影响。结果:有35.51%的公立医院开通了远程医疗,医院等级、医院类别、所在区域、隶属关系、床位数都对医院运营状况有显著影响。开通远程医疗对公立医院收入、诊疗人次和出院人次均有显著提升作用。PSM结果显示,其对医院收入、诊疗人次、出院人次的净效应分别为0.191(P<0.01)、0.216(P<0.01)、0.353(P<0.01)。异质性检验显示,远程医疗对二级医院的收入和诊疗人次具有显著正向影响,系数分别为0.088(P<0.05)和0.127(P<0.01);对一级及以下医院的出院人次影响更大,系数为1.203(P<0.01);但对三级医院整体收入和业务能力并无显著影响。结论:远程医疗的开通对公立医院的收入和业务能力增加均有显著促进作用,但在不同等级的医院之间存在差异性,对基层医疗机构的影响更为显著,对改善基层公立医院的运营状况起到积极作用。

新型农村传播体系建设的公共性逻辑

媒体参与农村现代化治理,对于推动农村振兴、实现农民共同富裕有着重要的现实意义。传统单向宣传模式下,媒体参与农村现代化治理面临着功能失调、结构失衡、行为失范、方式阙如等一系列困境,这些问题掣肘了媒体参与农村社会治理的功能释放。究其根源,传统传播体系是以工具性为核心的功能定位,忽略了农村社会、文化需求和利益诉求。文章认为,以公共性为核心的公共利益发声与公共准则协商机制在满足农民基本需求、防范农村社会风险和促进农村社会健康和谐发展等方面起着关键作用。

Constructing public health evidence knowledge graph for decision-making support from COVID-19 literature of modelling study

The needs of mitigating COVID-19 epidemic prompt policymakers to make public health-related decision under the guidelines of science.Tremendous unstructured COVID-19 publications make it challenging for policymakers to obtain relevant evidence.Knowledge graphs(KGs)can formalize unstructured knowledge into structured form and have been used in supporting decision-making recently.Here,we introduce a novel framework that can ex-tract the COVID-19 public health evidence knowledge graph(CPHE-KG)from papers relating to a modelling study.We screen out a corpus of 3096 COVID-19 modelling study papers by performing a literature assessment process.We define a novel annotation schema to construct the COVID-19 modelling study-related IE dataset(CPHIE).We also propose a novel multi-tasks document-level information extraction model SS-DYGIE++based on the dataset.Leveraging the model on the new corpus,we construct CPHE-KG containing 60,967 entities and 51,140 rela-tions.Finally,we seek to apply our KG to support evidence querying and evidence mapping visualization.Our SS-DYGIE++(SpanBERT)model has achieved a F1 score of 0.77 and 0.55 respectively in document-level entity recognition and coreference resolution tasks.It has also shown high performance in the relation identification task.With evidence querying,our KG can present the dynamic transmissions of COVID-19 pandemic in different countries and regions.The evidence mapping of our KG can show the impacts of variable non-pharmacological interventions to COVID-19 pandemic.Analysis demonstrates the quality of our KG and shows that it has the potential to support COVID-19 policy making in public health.

新时代我国公共图书馆新型智库建设探究

[研究目的]当今时代,公共图书馆智库在文化传承、知识传播和社会进步中发挥着愈发关键的作用,是不可或缺的知识服务和决策支持平台。建设中国特色公共图书馆新型智库,需要我们深入探究公共图书馆新型智库建设的理论基础、研究现状和实际操作,以便更为直观理解地公共图书馆新型智库建设在发展策略、服务模式、建设机制等方面的特点、经验以及存在的不足。[研究方法]通过文献研究、政策梳理、案例分析以及实地观察等多种方式,广泛收集并系统梳理大量与公共图书馆、智库建设以及相关领域的学术文献、政策文件和实际案例,强化研究以发挥图书馆的社会效用,促进新时代新型智库高质量建设,推动新型智库建设更加科学化、健康化。[研究结论]公共图书馆新型智库建设应明确自身定位,突出公共文化服务特色,建立专业高效的公共图书馆智库管理工作机制,加强新型智库人才建设,打造专业化研究队伍。同时,创新公共图书馆智库信息支撑,加速提升公共图书馆智库的服务质量和社会影响力,进而在更高层面打造符合中国实际、满足公众需求、引领文化发展、具有国际视野的高水平现代化公共图书馆智库。

Artificial intelligence as a tool in drug discovery and development

The rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence(AI)has garnered substantial attention for its potential application in drug discovery and development.This opinion review critically examined the feasibility and prospects of integrating AI as a transformative tool in the pharmaceutical industry.AI,encompassing machine learning algorithms,deep learning,and data analytics,offers unprecedented opportunities to streamline and enhance various stages of drug development.This opinion review delved into the current landscape of AI-driven approaches,discussing their utilization in target identification,lead optimization,and predictive modeling of pharmacokinetics and toxicity.We aimed to scrutinize the integration of large-scale omics data,electronic health records,and chemical informatics,highlighting the power of AI in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and accelerating drug repurposing strategies.Despite the considerable potential of AI,the review also addressed inherent challenges,including data privacy concerns,interpretability of AI models,and the need for robust validation in realworld clinical settings.Additionally,we explored ethical considerations surrounding AI-driven decision-making in drug development.This opinion review provided a nuanced perspective on the transformative role of AI in drug discovery by discussing the existing literature and emerging trends,presenting critical insights and addressing potential hurdles.In conclusion,this study aimed to stimulate discourse within the scientific community and guide future endeavors to harness the full potential of AI in drug development.

公共图书馆智库型决策咨询服务探析——以天津图书馆为例

文章分析天津图书馆智库型决策咨询服务实践,指出当前公共图书馆智库型决策咨询服务面临信息资源储备不够、专业人才培养不足、服务模式缺乏创新、决策需求把握不准等问题,提出公共图书馆强化智库型决策咨询服务的建议,即建设服务于智库的信息资源体系;加强智库人才队伍建设;利用智能技术赋能智库服务;精确把握决策需求,打造自有智库品牌。

Building a Business and Strategic Intelligence Policy as a Strategy for Promoting Congolese Business Progress and Healthy Economic Development in Eastern DRC

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.

全过程工程咨询在大型公共建筑机电改造的实践研究

全过程工程咨询业务是近几年国内工程建设领域的发展热点话题。建设项目实施全过程工程咨询可以整合管理碎片,打破工程阶段间壁垒,提升项目管理效率,有效降低工程建设成本。“1+N”模式是全过程工程咨询单位提供的一种全新服务模式。“1”是指全过程项目管理,是项目管理核心;“N”是指专业咨询,是项目管理分项。以上海某项目空调冷热源改造项目为例,重点阐述在“1+N”的全过程工程咨询模式下,如何开展大型公共建筑机电改造的项目管理。实践证明,该项目管理模式可在保证系统安全可靠性和技术经济性的前提下缩短工期,提升效率,减少碳排放量并实现可观的节能效益。

从表达到决策:社交媒体信息参与对基层协商参与的影响

随着在线社交媒体的发展,越来越多的互联网用户不再局限于单纯扮演信息的消费者角色,而是开始通过发帖、转发、评论等方式参与到信息的生产与传播过程中。基于对2017年中国社会状况综合调查数据的实证分析发现,社交媒体信息参与能够显著增进互联网用户的基层协商参与意识和参与行为,而参与效能感在其中起到重要的中介机制作用。在协商参与意愿方面,社交媒体信息参与的影响能贯穿意见表达和基层决策两级协商参与阶梯,并在效果上表现为一种“数字红利的隔离效应”。而在协商参与行为方面,这种增进作用则只停留在意见表达行为这一初级参与阶梯上,其效果呈现为一种“数字红利的累积效应”。社交媒体信息参与可以对互联网用户的基层协商参与起到赋能作用,但其实际效果会受到次级数字鸿沟和参与阶梯的双重约束。

安徽省某三甲医院门诊患者候诊时间的影响因素分析

目的 分析安徽省某三甲医院门诊患者候诊时间影响因素,提出改进策略,提升患者就医感受。方法 通过医院信息系统调取2023年6月门诊患者就诊数据,并对当月就诊的405例门诊患者进行问卷调查,通过单因素及多因素分析候诊时间影响因素。结果 14岁及以下患者平均候诊时间最长,为15.2(5.1,39.5)min,预约挂号患者的平均候诊时间为9.2(3.9,19.5)min,短于非预约挂号的13.1(3.8,34.3)min;普通号患者平均候诊时间为9.5(2.8,25.1)min,短于专家的13.7(4.6,35.4)min;上午就诊患者平均候诊时间为10.1(3.3,26.7)min,短于下午就诊患者的15.7(5.0,37.1)min(P<0.001)。多元线性回归显示,年龄、就诊方式、就诊类型、就诊时间、医生半日接诊量对候诊时间的影响差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 通过对影响候诊时间的主要因素进行分析,提示医院管理部门要加强医患沟通,充分保证患者的就诊时间,要改变患者就诊习惯,持续提升分时段预约就诊的精确度,缩短门诊候诊时间。

公共图书馆地方文献信息咨询服务层次分析

地方文献的存在与研究,对某区域的建设有着不可忽视的信息价值。随着信息社会的发展,公共图书馆地方文献咨询服务由传统向泛在、定制的层次发展。文章分析这3个层次的启示,提供充分揭示文献、合理配置设施、提升人员素质等服务思路,并探究其相关高质量导读、与“智慧图书馆”对接等发展趋势,进一步提出面临的挑战与风险。