Comparative Study on Public Forest Management and Forest Law in France and USA

Though public forests in countries take up a small portion of forests, their importance in respect of environmental side looms large gradually. This paper studies and compares the public forest management and forest laws in France and the USA, attempting to explore the forest operation practice in both countries and the emphasis of the law governing forest management, so that a lesson can be drawn for us to learn in China.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Public Signs in Chinese-English Translation——Based on the Example of Shaoguan National Forest Park

With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an example to analyze its publicsigns translation and points out some pragmatic failures from two aspects:pragmatic language failures and social pragmatic failures.Also, the paper puts forward some suggestions based on the translation error analysis.

Value Assessment of Ecosystem Service Function of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Wenchang City

Based on the measurement parameters and index in the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008),the value of ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Wenchang City was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the total value of ecosystem service function of ecological public welfare forests in Wenchang City is about 4.020 billion yuan,of which storage capacity,water purification,soil fixation,fertilizer(N,P and K fertilizer) conservation,carbon sequestration,oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,providing anion,absorbing SO_2,absorbing fluoride,absorbing NxO,absorbing soil heavy metals,dust retention,noise reduction,sterilization,forest protection,forest biodiversity protection,and forest recreation(ecological tourism) are about 1.510 billion,582.256 million,3.769 million,268.220 million,116.360 million,2.747 million,22.682 million,42.817 million,1.722 million,74,600,131,900,187.918 million,77.409 million,28.721 million,43.090 million,180.696 million,571.036 million,and 108.677 million yuan

Construction and Management of Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

Through investigating ecological service functions of public welfare forest in Hainan Province, this paper explored type constitution and problems of its ecological service functional value, optimization of its scale and layout, promoted effective protection and benign development, and proposed strategies for the construction and management of public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

Discussion on the Concept of Forest Public Product Based on the Relationship of Modern Population, Resource and Environment

Based on the unbalanced relationship among modern population, resource and environment, as well as the weak awareness and supply-demand conflict of forest public product, the paper exposed the public product function of forestry and explained its meaning, then evaluated the traditional concepts of forestry, product, and forest products, and finally redefined the extension of forest products. On this basis, the concepts of forestry and public products were elaborated, and the connotation, characteristics and extension of forest public products were clearly defined and described.

An Empirical Research on Satisfaction of Tourism Public Service in National Forest Park

In recent years,leisure individual travel has become a trend of tourism development.Visitors are highly dependent on the public service system of scenic spots.The educational circles at home and abroad are paying more and more attention to the study of tourism public services.Based on the theory of tourist satisfaction evaluation,this paper made an empirical study on the tourism public service system of Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.It was found that there was a contradiction between the demand for tourism public services and the actual supply in Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.Based on this,some measures were put forward,such as strengthening the construction of tourist information signs in scenic spots,strengthening the construction of communication facilities and convenient services for tourists,strengthening the training and supervision of service practitioners,and construction of organizations for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of tourists.

Impact of eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests on the incomes of farmers

The strategy of rural revitalization puts ecology and economic development at the same level,in order to explore whether the eco-efficiency compensation policy for public welfare forests can achieve a“win-win”for both ecology and people livelihood.This study probed into the consideration of income structure and used OLS analysis to conduct an empirical analysis on a sample of 443 households in Shaanxi Province.It was found that the eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests had not only a significantly positive effect on the forestry income and the total income of farm households,but also had a constructive influence on the non-forestry income,though smaller and less significant,which was closely attributed to the original income structures of these farm households.In addition,personal and household characteristics such as age,educational level and labor force size played decisive roles to nonforestry income and total income of farm households as well.

Recommendations for Construction and Management of Ecological Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

This paper firstly evaluated ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province. Then,it introduced value structure and existing problems of ecological service functions. Focusing on optimization and adjustment of scale and distribution of ecological public welfare forest,it came up with recommendations for construction and management of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

中国公益林生态补偿制度的历史演进、现实困境与路径探索

梳理中国公益林生态补偿制度的历史演进与实践探索,分析公益林生态补偿制度的现实困境,并提出提升路径的政策建议。结果表明:从历史演进来看,中国公益林生态补偿制度分为起始阶段、探索阶段、推广阶段和深化阶段;从实践来看,公益林生态补偿制度历经了补偿标准调整、分类补偿推广、市场化和多元化生态补偿制度探索;从现实困境来看,公益林生态补偿制度仍存在补偿标准较低、补偿标准单一、补偿资金筹集渠道偏窄、自身造血能力弱等现实困境。应从动态调整补偿标准、分类补偿探索、多元化补偿筹资渠道以及公益林自身经营管理等方向深化改革探索。

推进准公共森林生态产品价值实现:关键难题、破解路径与实践探索——基于数字赋能视角

准公共森林生态产品价值实现是对“两山”理念的呼应,其路径的探索是“两山”理念落地的关键。在明晰森林生态产品概念基础上,以排他性竞争性为线索探索森林生态产品价值实现理论逻辑,并厘清准公共森林生态产品价值实现在产权界定、交易成本、供需对接、数字技术应用等方面所面临的关键难题。数字技术的蓬勃发展为准公共森林生态产品价值实现提供了新契机,基于数字赋能视角提出破解关键难题的基本路径:加强顶层设计为价值实现提供引领;数字赋能森林资源确权;数字赋能林权抵(质)押贷款低交易成本和打破信息不对称壁垒;数字赋能林地流转低交易成本和供需有效对接。最后,以浙江龙泉市“益林富农”多跨场景应用为例,探讨了数字赋能推进准公共森林生态产品价值实现的可行路径。

亚热带生态系统5种修复树种的光合特征

分析不同树种生长状况以及光合特征和不同树种光合能力的差异,为提高低效公益林质量提供依据。以苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)、木荷(Schima superba)、浙江楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)、刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)和红楠(Machilus thunbergii)等5种亚热带地区生态修复树种幼苗为试验对象,测定其生长指标、叶绿素质量分数、光合指标和叶绿素荧光指标,采用直角双曲线修正模型进行光响应曲线拟合以及估算光响应特征参数,并对各项指标进行单因素方差分析和相关性分析。结果表明:不同树种的生长指标和叶绿素质量分数之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同树种的光响应曲线均呈现出随光合有效辐射增加先直线上升后缓慢增高再有所下降的变化趋势,且光合特征参数存在显著差异(P<0.05);5种树种的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数(Ci)之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);光系统(PS)Ⅱ潜在荧光活性(Fv/Fo)和光系统(PS)Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)表现为苦槠显著高于木荷、浙江楠和刨花楠;生长特征参数、光响应曲线特征参数和叶绿素荧光参数之间存在较强的相关性。因此,不同树种光环境适应情况差异较大,苦槠阳性特征显著,可选择低效公益林改造的林窗中心位置进行栽植;木荷对光环境适应范围广,可以作为林窗近中心位置的补植树种;浙江楠、刨花楠和红楠均属于耐阴性较强的树种,可选择林窗边缘位置或者阴坡、半阴坡林窗进行补植。

公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式适用条件与推广策略——基于国内4种典型模式的比较分析

公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式的创新对于缓解林农资金短缺、盘活公益林资源具有重大意义。本文梳理归纳了国内典型的4种公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式的操作流程和运行模式,并从贷款模式、实施方式、借款对象、贷款结构、风控机制5个方面进行比较。研究发现:当地经济状况、公益林资源基础条件、贷款主体类型和规模以及农村金融市场成熟度会影响不同贷款模式应用条件。由此,建议各地区结合实际情况选择适合的贷款模式,并从发展林下经济、完善公益林收益权登记制度、充分利用质押担保机制、完善收益权流转评估体系和发挥基层组织的牵头作用五方面提出建议。

Enhancing Sustainability in Forestry Using Material Flow Cost Accounting

Forestry is an applied science related to the sustainable management of natural resources. Many scientific disciplines influence forest science including ecology, economics and other social sciences. In this paper, it is proposed to promote the sustainable management of forest resources using a method coming from the Environmental Management Accounting discipline. The method is Material Flow Cost Accounting, which assists managers to recognize material and energy inefficiencies in production processes and create cost savings for the organization. Through a study of the methodology and using forestry examples, it is shown that Material Flow Cost Accounting can be a useful tool for forest managers, either in Public Forest Service, or other forestry organizations.

广西生态公益林区划现状及布局优化调整对策

生态公益林在保障地区生态安全方面具有不可替代的重要作用。广西是生态环境比较脆弱的地区,同时又是南方重要的商品林区。通过分析广西壮族自治区生态公益林区划布局现状及存在的问题,提出针对该区生态公益林的布局优化调整对策,建议以布局优化调整及建立经营管护机制为主要技术手段对广西生态公益林体系构建进行完善,进而推动地区整体生态环境可持续发展,保障社会生态安全,以达到促进该区生态环境更加优良、结构更加优化的目标。

从“非正规绿地”到“社区食物微森林”——社区非正规种植空间公共资源化利用研究

非正规绿地中居民自发的果蔬种植行为长期困扰社区空间治理,个体种植行为影响社区公众利益构成焦点问题。如何趋利避害,将非正规绿地中的自发种植空间转化为社区公共服务产品产出场所,适应非正规绿地自发种植空间内在机理与现实问题的空间设计策略值得研究。通过自发种植行为实地调研,发现非正规绿地的“阈限性”特征和弱势群体的空间诉求是引发非正规种植行为、产生负外部性影响的根本原因。进而推倒得出“明确空间功能”,促进“多元化主体参与”和“复合功能共享”的负外部性治理思路。借鉴食物森林理论,通过理论调适应用于非正规绿地自发种植空间,从而形成适应中国社区非正规绿地本底环境的“社区食物微森林”复合功能公共产品输出路径,从“食物+生态、景观、休闲”复合功能的微森林营造技术和长效治理机制两方面,有效回应了我国非正规绿地的现状问题与社区本底环境诉求,对社区非正规绿地自发种植空间治理具有参考价值。

全国森林火灾形势及其时空聚集性特征分析

为进一步研究全国森林火灾发生的时间规律与空间聚集性特征,基于全国2004—2022年度、2015—2021年月度的森林火灾发生次数及2017年31个省(自治区、直辖市)水文地理条件数据,利用Prophet时间序列模型与模糊聚类分析法对森林火灾特征进行分析。结果表明:Prophet时间序列模型在森林火灾预测领域具有良好的适用性;时间规律方面,2004—2022年森林火灾次数呈先下降后上升再下降趋势,且季节因素影响突出,节假日影响因素不显著;空间聚集性方面,31个省(自治区、直辖市)可大致分为7个类别,其分类基本与地域特点有关。研究结果可为挖掘森林火灾时空分布及聚集性特征提供参考。

我国森林资源生态产品价值实现的基本逻辑、核心机制与模式

基于森林资源生态产品价值实现的研究进程和实践经验,解析森林资源生态产品价值实现的理论逻辑、制度逻辑、技术逻辑,设计以政府主导的森林资源资产化、市场主导的森林资产资本化机制和政府与市场交叉的价值反馈机制,衔接关键要素的森林资源生态产品价值实现核心机制。从实践案例提炼出我国森林资源生态产品价值实现的典型——生态产业化经营模式、绿色金融模式、生态指标交易模式和林下经济模式,其中生态产业化经营模式包括森林资源流转、林业产业多元化发展和生态产业化;绿色金融模式包括生态运营中心模式和股权合作型生态修复;生态指标交易模式主要是森林碳汇交易;林下经济模式的核心做法是林业立体复合生产经营。最后聚焦森林资源生态产品价值实现的三大关键环节:“资源变资产”“资产变资本”“资本变资金”,提出建立森林生态运营中心、采取金融资本化运营和实施森林资源生态产品分类经营的政策建议。

森林抚育经营技术要点与应用

为进一步优化森林抚育经营技术,本文对森林抚育经营的必要性进行分析,包括提高林木成活率与森林质量,保障生物多样性,以及提升林业资源效益等。探究森林抚育经营技术要点,包括公益林、用材林和人工乔木林等不同类别的森林抚育经营方式。提出森林抚育经营技术的应用措施,包括转变经营理念,制定科学的经营方案,增强生态保护意识。目的在于优化森林结构,提升森林资源的经济效益,促进林业高质量发展。

白龙江林区国家级重点公益林管理现状与发展对策

为切实加强白龙江林区国家级公益林建设管理、有效保护生态环境、提高公益林整体区域化建设水平,该文结合白龙江林区的实际情况,分别从建立健全管理结构、加强基础设施、拓宽资金来源、优化用人机制及建立公益林保护监测体系等方面提出了实施对策和建议,以期为维护国土生态安全、促进林区经济社会持续发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。

建水县石漠化综合治理中林业建设的主要内容及具体对策

石漠化是西南岩溶地区面临的重要环境问题,严重影响当地的生态环境和社会经济发展。建水县作为云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州下辖的一个县,石漠化问题同样严峻。为了有效地解决这一问题,综合治理石漠化成为当务之急。其中,林业建设作为石漠化综合治理的重要内容之一,对于恢复植被、保持水土和提高生态效益具有显著的作用。该文介绍了建水县石漠化的基本概况,并分析了石漠化综合治理中林业建设的主要内容,最后从科学规划、选择适宜的树种和采用科学的种植技术等方面提出了具体的对策建议。