It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public heal...It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public health and undermining social stability.However,any public health incident is traceable,and there will be a process from latent period to outbreak.Therefore,the government needs to grasp the key points of health incidents,strengthen emergency management,and ensure social stability and public safety.展开更多
Since the reform and opening up,China's market-oriented agricultural management reform has achieved remarkable results,but the reform has not yet been put in place,and there are some flaws in some areas of reform....Since the reform and opening up,China's market-oriented agricultural management reform has achieved remarkable results,but the reform has not yet been put in place,and there are some flaws in some areas of reform.To deepen the reform of government's agricultural management reform under the new situation,it is necessary to further define the boundary between government and market on the basis of following the general rules of world's agricultural development and considering China's special situation of agriculture,nail down the scope of government functions,pinpoint the key areas of reform,and actively promote the rapid development of China's characteristic modern agriculture.展开更多
In 2009,China initiated a new round of health reform to establish a wellfunctioning health system.The 2009 health reform did make some significant achievements in improving affordability and accessibility.In particula...In 2009,China initiated a new round of health reform to establish a wellfunctioning health system.The 2009 health reform did make some significant achievements in improving affordability and accessibility.In particular,social health insurance has been expanded significantly and various social health insurance plans have covered over 95%of total population in China by 2011.The Chinese government also has significantly increased fiscal input for health financing.However,affordability remains a serious concern as the social health insurers,as purchasers,were not very effective in containing the growth of health expenditure.Accessibility to primary care and public health is another concern.In this context,health governance reforms are necessary to address affordability and accessibility issues.Health governance set rules for key actors of the health system(including service providers,health insurers and government departments)by taking into account the strategies and incentives of these actors in their interactions.In recent years,a series of reforms in health governance have been initiated.Some progresses have been achieved.For the next stage of health reform,issues including how to further reform the governance structure of medical institutions and how to improve resource allocation in the health system are critical.展开更多
The Kenya Ministry of Health restructured the health sector in 2009 with the goal of promoting and improving the health status of all citizens. It established the Hospital Management Services Fund to be managed at the...The Kenya Ministry of Health restructured the health sector in 2009 with the goal of promoting and improving the health status of all citizens. It established the Hospital Management Services Fund to be managed at the facility level by the Hospital Management Committees (HMCs). Since the establishment of the HMCs at the county level following the devolution of health services in 2016, no evaluation has been done to assess their performance in Busia County. We assessed the criteria, selection process, orientation, induction, and the performance of the HMCs in Busia and considered their implications for Kenya and similar contexts in Africa. Data were collected by purposive sampling of all HMC members in six level 4 and one level 5 hospitals through Focus Group Discussions and key informant interviews. Documents collected both at the facility and county levels were analysed and used appropriately. All seven hospitals evaluated did not fully comply with the National Guidelines. Three (43%) of the hospitals nominated persons with educational levels below the required O-level certification. Another 3 (43%) contravened the Constitution of Kenya (2010) by excluding persons with disabilities and minorities. The study identified systemic commissions and omissions in the recruitment process, leading to anxiety and frustrations by members of HMCs, staff and the catchment population of the respective hospitals. In conclusion, the nominated HMC members have no legitimacy to assume their roles and responsibilities as they have not been gazetted, appointed, oriented, and facilitated.展开更多
文摘It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public health and undermining social stability.However,any public health incident is traceable,and there will be a process from latent period to outbreak.Therefore,the government needs to grasp the key points of health incidents,strengthen emergency management,and ensure social stability and public safety.
文摘Since the reform and opening up,China's market-oriented agricultural management reform has achieved remarkable results,but the reform has not yet been put in place,and there are some flaws in some areas of reform.To deepen the reform of government's agricultural management reform under the new situation,it is necessary to further define the boundary between government and market on the basis of following the general rules of world's agricultural development and considering China's special situation of agriculture,nail down the scope of government functions,pinpoint the key areas of reform,and actively promote the rapid development of China's characteristic modern agriculture.
文摘In 2009,China initiated a new round of health reform to establish a wellfunctioning health system.The 2009 health reform did make some significant achievements in improving affordability and accessibility.In particular,social health insurance has been expanded significantly and various social health insurance plans have covered over 95%of total population in China by 2011.The Chinese government also has significantly increased fiscal input for health financing.However,affordability remains a serious concern as the social health insurers,as purchasers,were not very effective in containing the growth of health expenditure.Accessibility to primary care and public health is another concern.In this context,health governance reforms are necessary to address affordability and accessibility issues.Health governance set rules for key actors of the health system(including service providers,health insurers and government departments)by taking into account the strategies and incentives of these actors in their interactions.In recent years,a series of reforms in health governance have been initiated.Some progresses have been achieved.For the next stage of health reform,issues including how to further reform the governance structure of medical institutions and how to improve resource allocation in the health system are critical.
文摘The Kenya Ministry of Health restructured the health sector in 2009 with the goal of promoting and improving the health status of all citizens. It established the Hospital Management Services Fund to be managed at the facility level by the Hospital Management Committees (HMCs). Since the establishment of the HMCs at the county level following the devolution of health services in 2016, no evaluation has been done to assess their performance in Busia County. We assessed the criteria, selection process, orientation, induction, and the performance of the HMCs in Busia and considered their implications for Kenya and similar contexts in Africa. Data were collected by purposive sampling of all HMC members in six level 4 and one level 5 hospitals through Focus Group Discussions and key informant interviews. Documents collected both at the facility and county levels were analysed and used appropriately. All seven hospitals evaluated did not fully comply with the National Guidelines. Three (43%) of the hospitals nominated persons with educational levels below the required O-level certification. Another 3 (43%) contravened the Constitution of Kenya (2010) by excluding persons with disabilities and minorities. The study identified systemic commissions and omissions in the recruitment process, leading to anxiety and frustrations by members of HMCs, staff and the catchment population of the respective hospitals. In conclusion, the nominated HMC members have no legitimacy to assume their roles and responsibilities as they have not been gazetted, appointed, oriented, and facilitated.
