Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

Research on Environmental Public Interest Litigation in Taiwan

As germination and rise of public environmental awareness in Taiwan, large-scale air pollution, water pollution, noise, land subsidence and other public hazards harming human health and living environment caused by various production or consumption activities are generated. Facing the situation of environment increasingly aggravates, environmental public interest litigation system is constructed. First, Article 9 of Administrative Procedure Law stipulates public interest litigation;then ,Article 34 of Environmental Basic Law cleady stipulates important elements of public interest litigation. In the research, taking the first environmental public interest litigation in Taiwan as the example, collusion process between government and developer, and private environmental protection groups finally obtaining victory through the continuous effort and litigation are illustrated, thereby uncovering so-called ＂legal＂ saying by government and developer. Environmental maintenance and improvement is the duty of every citizen should do, but not only the duty of govemment, which is mentality of environmental public interest litigation development should have and road must take.

Administrative Law Studies policy based on public interest

From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative mission and different levels of resistance, from the perspective of administrative policy on science policy the role of the administrative process of the formation of the special nature of administrative law, reflecting the interests of the mechanism of the modem state, the role of public opinion and how to grasp the meaning of the people said that other issues were discussed, in order to reveal the modem administrative law, research must pay attention to the value and benefits of diversification, the complexity of the method.

An empirical research on strategic planning in public libraries of China's Mainland

Purpose: As an important issue, strategic planning in public libraries has been paid more attention in China recent years. However, a comprehensive and systematic research, especially strategic models based on empirical studies, is required in the public library strategic planning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current practices and propose an appropriate reference and guidance of strategic planning in public libraries in China’s mainland.Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire-based survey method is carried out to collect the views of public libraries staff at different levels in China’s mainland. The questionnaire is designed on the following four aspects toward strategic planning in public libraries: The attitude, the status quo, basic issues and the guides. The 882 valid questionnaires are processed by a statistic analysis to reflect the current practices of strategic planning in public libraries in China’s mainland.Findings: Our research results reveal that the unclear and confused understanding of the strategic planning still exist among the public libraries staff in China’s mainland. However, the majority of respondents still believe that the strategic planning in public libraries is significant and the library developments will be affected for lacking strategic planning. Moreover, it is considerable that the strategic plans are jointly made by independent agencies and public libraries, or by the public library itself. Also, guidelines and a set of softwares in strategic planning are needed.Research limitations/implications: The study was restricted to six main areas in China. A wider geographic sampling can preferable show the basic status of strategic planning in public libraries.The procedures of data collection would be another limitation. Nevertheless, case studies should be used in the further research.Originality: The importance of this research originates from a large number of first-hand data about strategic planning in public libraries in China’s mainland. The results provide extra perception into the future development of Chinese public libraries. The understanding obtained from this study will play a part in forthcoming evolution of this area of research.

Hanoi Public TransportmTransformation by Management Using Action Research and Behavior Setting Theory

After the economic reforms in Vietnam, the number of motorbikes surged while public transport lost its passengers. No funds for investment available TRAMOC （Transport Management and Operation Centre）, the Transport Management and Operation Center started the experiment of transforming Hanoi Public Transport by management based on action research, introducing some interventions, which had shown to be effective in Europe. Phase I of the experimental approach was carried out with the smallest company that operated Line 32. The number of daily passengers surged from 1,700 to 8,000. In Phase II, the experiment was extended to the whole net. In 2001, there were 35,000 passengers per day, in 2010, there were 1 million; this is an increase of 3,000%. The result surpassed by far the expectations. The key for understanding the surprising results is the mode choice. 53% of the users are riders by choice; they have access to a car or motorbike. Simulation of the decisions as rational choice based on time needed for trips was proved to be quite accurate. Behavior was analyzed in the frame of behavior setting theory, which brings together urban structure and the design of the transport system. Success with introducing public transport needs a self-reliant leadership, which works with people in their real life situation. An urban transport system is part of the organized behavior of the people, who make use of the technical opportunities offered.

An Eco-translatological Perspective to Researching Publicity Texts Translation

The importance of an interdisciplinary investigation into the translation of publicity texts cannot be overestimated at a time when the role of international communication grows rapidly,which in turn pushes the development of globalization.Ecotranslatology takes the concept of"adaptation/selection"of Darwin’s Evolution Theory as its theoretical foundation,focusing on the integrity of the translation ecosystem,making a novel description and interpretation to the nature,process,standard,principles,methods of translation and translation phenomena from the perspective of Eco-translatology.Though the construct of the theory keeps expanding,there is still a lack of systematic discussion on translation activities with focus on the integrity and harmony in Eco-translatology.This study therefore aims to promote the need of researching publicity text translation from an Ecotranslatological perspective through the review of the existing literature in this field.

Editorial Innovation of Teaching Research Publications in the Digital Era

With the continuous development of information technology in China,the era of digital publishing has arrived,overthrowing the traditional publishing paradigm.Compared with mass publications and professional publications,teaching research publications are unique.In the field of education,they play a guiding role in the teaching work and in promoting the development of education in China.The editorial work of teaching research publications should be innovated in the digital era.In order to ensure the dissemination value and depth of content of teaching research publications,as well as to provide high-quality publications with leading value for money,editorial transformation and work innovation should be carried out in time,taking into account the characteristics of the digital era.This paper makes a detailed analysis of the existing problems in the editorial work of teaching research publications to propose innovative strategies for the editorial work of teaching research publications in the digital era.

Gastric cancer research in Mexico:A public health priority

This study aimed review studies conducted on Mexican patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and/or diseases associated with its development,in which at least one Mexican institute has participated,and to assess their contributions to the primary and secondary prevention of this disease.A search of the Medline database was conducted using the following keywords:gastric/stomach cancer,Mexico.Studies of the Mexican population were selected in which at least one Mexican Institute had participated and where the findings could support public policy proposals directed towards the primary or secondary prevention of gastric cancer.Of the148 studies found in the Medline database,100 were discarded and 48 were reviewed.According to the analysis presented,these studies were classified as:epidemiology of gastric cancer(5/48);risk factors and protectors relating to gastric cancer(9/48);relationship between Helicobacter pylori and pathologies associated with gastric cancer and the development of the disease(16/48);relationship between the Epstein-Barr virus and pathologies associated with gastric cancer and the development of the disease(3/48);molecular markers for the development of diseases associated with gastric cancer and gastric cancer(15/48).Mexico requires a program for the prevention and control of gastric cancer based on national health indicators.This should be produced by a multidisciplinary committee of experts who can propose actions that are relevant in the current national context.The few studies of gastric cancer conducted on the Mexican population in national institutes highlight the poor connection that currently exists between the scientific community and the health sector in terms of resolving this health issue.Public policies for health research should support projects with findings that can be translated into benefits for the population.This review serves to identify national research groups studying gastric cancer in the Mexican population.

How to select a journal for your research

Publication in a peer-reviewed journal is the goal of any research project.One of the most important(and possibly the least understood)aspects of the publication process is the choice of a suitable journal that is likely to accept your work.Detailed information and tips and tricks to success are given in this editorial.

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

Including Minorities Within Organizations.A Research on Cultural Diversity in Italian Public Administration

The organizations operating in the public sphere can adopt various relational strategies to adapt to transformations linked to the presence of minorities and cultural diversities among its members.The emergence of the concept of diversity in the 1990s and the associated shifting of equal opportunities pose specific challenges in relation to minority employees.The aim of this study is to carry out a primary mapping of the diversity inclusion policies in Italian public administrations,as an emblematic example of the public sector in the Mediterranean area,and to analyse the factors that may favour the inclusion of minorities within organizations.Our approach integrates both quantitative and qualitative analysis.The research was organized in two phases:the first one was a monitoring of those public administrations sensitive to diversity policies;the second one was an analysis of 38 semi-structured interviews with privileged witnesses,including an analysis of the data and information from current activities of their organizations.An important element of originality of this contribution is that it investigates the perspectives and perceptions of the inhabitant of the Italian public administrations.Finally,this study offers concrete recommendations for the implementation of gender equality and diversity&inclusion in Italy,particularly in terms of training policies.

Analysis of the Standardization of Administrative Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Information Technology

In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.

Clinical research progress of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eyes

Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.

Russian clinical research policy does not guarantee results availability

AIM： To investigate results availability from clinical studies enrolling Russian subjects and Russian clinical research policy.METHODS： We analyzed Russian legislation and ethi-cal regulations about drug and devices approval, clini-cal research registration and the results availability. In August 2012, we searched International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and clinicaltrials.gov to fnd all regis-tered studies that had an investigational site in the ter-ritory of the Russian Federation. To fnd publication sta-tus, we searched the PubMed and Scirus bibliographical databases with trial registration number to fnd journal publications of the registered studies.RESULTS： We identifed 2062 registered research pro-tocols comprising 2017 international and 45 protocols sponsored by the Russian funding agencies. The num-ber of the studies enrolling Russian subjects increased dramatically from three studies in 2002 to 252 studies in 2012. Most studies （92%） were funded exclusively by industry, were interventions （94.6%）, examined drugs （87%） and enrolled exclusively adults （86%） of both genders （89%）. Only 383 （19%） of multinational stud-ies and two （4.4%） of exclusively Russian studies werepublished. Posting of patient outcomes was available for 16% of the trials that recruited trial participants in the Russian territory including one study funded exclu-sively by Russian sponsors. Investigators terminated 99 studies of 38111 participants and did not provide the results in clinicaltrials.gov or in published manuscripts. Federal laws require clinical study registration and con-fict of interest disclosure. However, routine monitoring of compliance to clinical research policy is not available.CONCLUSION： Russian legislation does not guarantee the availability of clinical research results. Russian leg-islation should mandate transparent evidence- based market approval of the drugs and devices.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

China's landscape in oncology drug research:perspectives from research collaboration networks

Objective： Better understanding of China＇s landscape in oncology drug research is of great significance for discovering anti-cancer drugs in future. This article differs from previous studies by focusing on Chinese oncology drug research communities in co-publication networks at the institutional level. Moreover, this research aims to explore structures and behaviors of relevant research units by thematic community analysis and to address policy recommendations. Methods： This research used social network analysis to define an institutions network and to identify a community network which is characterized by thematic content. Results： A total of 675 sample articles from 2008 through 2012 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded （SCIE） database of Web of Science, and top institutions and institutional pairs are highlighted for further discussion. Meanwhile, this study revealed that institutions based in the Chinese mainland are located in a relatively central position, Taiwan＇s institutions are closely assembled on the side, and Hong Kong＇s units located in the middle of the Chinese mainland＇s and Taiwan＇s. Spatial division and institutional hierarchy are still critical barriers to research collaboration in the field of anti-cancer drugs in China. In addition, the communities focusing on hot research areas show the higher nodal degree, whereas communities giving more attention to rare research subjects are relatively marginalized to the periphery of network. Conclusions= This paper offers policy recommendations to accelerate cross-regional cooperation, such as through developing information technology and increasing investment. The brokers should focus more on outreach to other institutions. Finally, participation in topics of common interest is conducive to improved efficiency in research and development （R＆D） resource allocation.

Policy Research in a Complex Context

Today’s world is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. While examining the importance of research in such a context, the paper attempts to outline a first definition of the role and potential of policy research. The policy process itself has become increasingly complex and non linear, as has its relationship with research. Consequently, policy researchers’ contributions to policymakers may not have a direct, punctual and immediate influence on single issues, but rather a more pervasive, interactive, deliberative effect. Focusing on the theoretical definition of the risk, uncertainty and complexity of the policy process today, the paper outlines some questions and puts forward possible answers which offer a starting point for further analysis. It explores a new role for policy research and underlines the opportunities offered by argumentative, deliberative and multidisciplinary approaches which can positively impact democracy.

On Agricultural Scientific Research Institutions Supporting and Serving Technological Innovation Entities

This paper firstly analyzed current situation of agricultural technological innovation system in China and obstacles restricting agricultural enterprises to become technological innovation entities. It discussed exploration and practice of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in supporting and serving technological innovation entities. Finally,it came up with ideas and approaches for supporting and serving technological innovation entities in the new trend,to provide a new idea and practice for agricultural scientific research institute supporting and serving technological innovation entities.

How Has Covid-19 Affected Published Academic Research?A Content Analysis of Journal Articles Mentioning the Virus

Purpose:Methods to tackle Covid-19 have been developed by a wave of biomedical research but the pandemic has also influenced many aspects of society,generating a need for research into its consequences,and potentially changing the way existing topics are investigated.This article investigates the nature of this influence on the wider academic research mission.Design/methodology/approach:This article reports an inductive content analysis of 500 randomly selected journal articles mentioning Covid-19,as recorded by the Dimensions scholarly database on 19 March 2021.Covid-19 mentions were coded for the influence of the disease on the research.Findings:Whilst two thirds of these articles were about biomedicine(e.g.treatments,vaccines,virology),or health services in response to Covid-19,others covered the pandemic economy,society,safety,or education.In addition,some articles were not about the pandemic but stated that Covid-19 had increased or decreased the value of the reported research or changed the context in which it was conducted.Research limitations:The findings relate only to Covid-19 influences declared in published journal articles.Practical implications:Research managers and funders should consider whether their current procedures are effective in supporting researchers to address the evolving demands of pandemic societies,particularly in terms of timeliness.Originality/value:The results show that although health research dominates the academic response to Covid-19,it is more widely disrupting academic research with new demands and challenges.