A Comparative Analysis of the Control Effect of Medical Expenses between General Hospitals and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals from 2012 to 2021

Objective To analyze the changing trend of average medical expenses and structure in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals and the effects and differences achieved by the two kinds of hospitals through controlling unreasonable growth of medical expenses,so as to provide reference for controlling the rapid rise of medical cost in public hospitals and optimizing the cost structure.Methods Based on the changes of related indicators of medical expense control from 2012 to 2021,the overall characteristics,changes of cost structure and trends of medical expenses in general hospitals and TCM hospitals were investigated.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the increase of medical expenses in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals had slowed down,the proportion of drug revenue to medical income began to decline,and the medical service income increased.However,the proportion of inspection,test and sanitary materials income has increased instead of decreasing,but the management cost has decreased.The two kinds of hospitals have achieved certain cost control results,the structure of medical cost has changed greatly,and the technical service and labor value of medical personnel have been reflected to a certain extent.However,it is still necessary to explore a more scientific and reasonable cost control mechanism to promote the further optimization of medical cost structure.

Study on the Changes of Medical Income Structure in Governmentrun Hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2021

Objective To study the changing characteristics and trend of medical income structure in the government-run hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),evaluate the effects of relevant reform measures,and to put forward corresponding suggestions for further optimizing their income structure.Methods The data related to the average medical income of government-run hospitals of TCM from 2012 to 2021 were sorted out.Then,descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the changes of related indicators.Besides,structural change method was applied to investigate the changes of outpatient income and inpatient income.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the growth of medical income in government-run hospitals of TCM tended to be stable,and the proportion of medical service income increased from 22.62%(2012)to 29.38%(2021),but the average annual growth rate was only 0.68%.The main items that caused the change of outpatient income structure were medicine revenue,laboratory tests,diagnosis and treatment,and the cumulative contribution rate was 89.15%.The main items that caused the change of inpatient income structure were medicine revenue,sanitary materials,and auxiliary examinations income,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.04%.However,the contribution rate of registration,diagnosis,treatment,surgery and nursing income reflecting the value of medical personnel’s technical labor was relatively small.The medical income structure of government-run hospitals of TCM underwent great changes and gradually became reasonable,but the medical service income increased slowly,and not all indicators achieved the expectations.To promote the sustainable development of public hospitals of TCM and enable them to provide high-quality and efficient TCM medical and health services,it is necessary to further improve the relevant policy mechanism.

Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Narrative Medicine Under the Guidance of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory

This paper is an exploration into the practice of narrative medicine in the clinical setting guided by the theory and approaches of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).By adopting the theory of TCM,the author attempted to provide the patients with systematic treatment from the perspective of society-psychology-biology under the guidance of both the unity of Heaven and Man,and the unity of Xing(Body)and Shen(Mind/Spirit)through his clinical practice.Guided by yin-yang and Wu Xing(Five Elements)theory and focusing on the social relations of the patients for any possible relationships between patients’social,psychological and biological state,the author took the patients’emotion management as a point of departure and helped the patients recover both physically and psychologically by promoting positive transformation in patients’social,psychological,and biological state.A clinical case was provided at the end of this paper to demonstrate how the above theory was put into practice.Narrative medicine under the guidance of TCM theory can supplement modern medical humanity practices as well as extend the scope of modern medical treatment from the perspective of the unity of Heaven and Man,by enriching the content of narrative medicine,and promoting the medical model from biological medical model toward social-psychological-biological model.

Historical Medical Exchanges Following the Confluence of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine:Coexistence and Mutual Development

This article examines the overall characteristics of historical medical exchanges between China and foreign countries,analyzing their contribution to the development of medicines in the world.It presents a summary of historical experiences of the development of medicines through mutual exchanges.It also provides an objective analysis of the effects of the eastward dissemination of Western medicine on traditional Chinese medicine.The history of their exchanges can be used as a mirror for each to learn from the other’s strengths to offset their own weakness,and achieve the coordinated and balanced development of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Such balanced development would enable the world’s medicinal systems to thrive and protect the health of people worldwide.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of the Institutions

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in British Malaya developed concurrently with the influx of Chinese immigrants.To cater for tins growing community,Chinese medical halls which sell Chinese herbs were established in major townships.Consultation and various TCM treatments were also offered by contract TCM practitioners in some of these medical halls.As the needs for TCM services continued to grow,dedicated TCM institutions were set up subsequently.The establishment of these institutions marked the beginning of professional TCM services in the history of Malaysia.

Evaluating the confidence level of Traditional Chinese Medicine in nursing undergraduates at Chinese medical university

Objective:To observe the confidence level prevailing with regard to the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)among undergraduate nursing students who have undertaken TCM courses at Shanxi Medical University.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine.A questionnaire survey was administered through the Questionnaire Star website(https://www.questionstar.com/).The confidence level was examined from 6 aspects,namely cognition of TCM culture and theory,advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment,feelings about TCM achievements,personal behaviors related to TCM,attitudes toward Western medicine,and the future of TCM.The mean score of the observed items was calculated,and was found to be positively related to the confidence level concerning TCM(the score was between 1 and 5).Results:A total of 120 participants voluntarily enrolled themselves in the study.The results showed that the mean score of observed items were generally about 4.A relatively strong confidence was shown in understating TCM advantages and characteristics in diagnosis and treatment,and also in feelings toward TCM achievements.Conclusions:The majority of nursing undergraduates had confidence in TCM.However,some aspects such as the understanding of TCM culture and the correlation between TCM and Western medicine may need to be improved through education.

Learning, understanding, trusting and applying-Promoting development of traditional Chinese medicine from medical education

From the end of the Qing dynasty to the establishment of Republic of China until the present day, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has declined from the original medical system parallel to western medicine to a supplementary medicine in China. During the long time, western medicine has gradually become the dominate medical system forming the situation of 'western medicine in the north, TCM in the wild'. On July 1, 2017, China's TCM law has been officially implemented ensuring a time of great opportunity for TCM in the future. The current situations are: 'western medicine is dominated, TCM are supplementary for use'. Some people insist that TCM should be weakened others suppose that Chinese medicine should be evaluated with biomedical standards and are lack of scientificity. Facing the disadvantages of degradation of Chinese medicine, lack of characteristics, the development of TCM still has a long way to go. This paper puts forward the 'education of medical students', so that medical students can learn, understand, believe and use TCM in order to carry forward the career of TCM.

Analysis of microblog public opinion characteristics on traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 based on deep learning

The opinion research on traditional Chinese medicine during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on microblog,a social network,took into account the national people’s fight against COVID-19—the research background—the strength of traditional Chinese medicine during the pandemic—the research topic—and the public opinion—the research object.The timeline was divided into three stages according to the overall heat change.In order to explore and compare people’s emotion and topics of concern on traditional Chinese medicine during the different stages of the pandemic,deep learning analysis methods such as emotional analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis were used.This study found that the public’s positive“emotional composition”on traditional Chinese medicine significantly improved within the timeline,while the public’s autonomy was enhanced and the overall public opinion started to show an increased trend.

Study on the Correlation between Syndrome Differentiation of Malignant Pleural Effusion Treated by External Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunohistochemistry of Biopsy Tissue Based on Medical Video-assisted Thoracoscope

Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavity and immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue,to classify malignant pleural effusion according to syndrome differentiation,and to explore the scientific nature of its theory.Methods:From March 1,2014 to February 28,2015,40 cases of malignant pleural effusion were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proposed TCM diagnostic criteria for yin and yang syndrome differentiation,and collect age,gender,course of disease,clinical symptoms,tumor primary focus,histomorphological manifestations and immunohistochemical results and other related information,and carry out statistical data processing.Results:The positive syndrome was mainly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma,which accounted for the majority of all MPE cases,up to 75%.The immunohistochemical results of biopsy tissues were mainly CEA and TTF-1 positive;While pleural effusion caused by pleural mesothelioma was the main type of yin syndrome,and the results of immunohistochemistry combined with biopsy were mainly positive for D2-40,Calretinin,WT-1 and CK5/6.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation of MPE based on internal thoracoscopy combined with biopsy immunohistochemical results has sufficient theoretical basis and certain scientific nature,and further clinical research is needed to verify its effectiveness and practicability in the future.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Analysis on medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) inheritance computing platform system

Objective:To dig deeper into the traditional Chinese medicine treatment rules of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inheritance computing platform system.Methods:Taking“traditional Chinese medicine”,“chemotherapy”and“diarrhea”as the theme words,comprehensive search of the database of CNKI,Wanfang and VIP from its inception to November 2020 was conduct-ed.The formulas of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea were included and the association rule,clustering and factor analysis were carried out.Results:A total of 145 papers,57 prescriptions meeting the inclusion criteria were collected,among which high-frequency drugs including Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Dangshen(Codonopsisradix),Huanglian(Coptidis rhizoma),Zhigancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle)were the most commonly used.The confidence level was set as 0.7 and the support level was set as 10,12 core compatibility groups were obtained,and 6 categories were cluster analyzed.Conclusion:The principle of external treatment of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea is mainly“restore deficiency and benefiting qi”,“benefiting water infiltration and dampness”,“clearing heat”and“inducing astringency”.Prescription combination and new prescription combination based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inheritance computing platform system can be used as reference for clinicians and applied in primary hospitals.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Analysis on the medication rules and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cervical cancer

Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Methods: Collect relevant literatures on cervical cancer in Chinese National Knowledgey Ifrastructure (CNKI), use TCM inheritance platform system (TCMISSV2.5) for association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis;use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tools to construct target-pathway-disease network to reveal the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Among the 78 prescriptions selected, a total of 172 Chinese medicines were used, and the five most frequently used herbs were Huang-bo (Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex), Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Gan-cao (Licorice). Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Bai-zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos) are the three most commonly used medicine match. In addition, through cluster analysis, a total of 4 core herbs compatibility and 2 new prescriptions were excavated. Herbs in the new prescriptions which are used to clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness were most frequently used. Through the analysis of the signal pathway of high frequency Chinese medicines, we found that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway may play important roles. Conclusion: The core Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are mainly clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness. The core Chinese medicines may play their anti-cervical cancer by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway.

The History of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Britain,c.1750‑2018

This paper discusses the genesis and transference of Traditional Chinese Medicine from China and Asia to Europe.It looks specifically at the ways in which TCM was initially discovered and how it reach medical circles in Europe.It also looks at the reasons why it became popular in the historical context and specifically at the presence of TCM in Britain.Finally,this paper briefly traces the booms and slumps in the popularity of TCM and its place in modern medical practices in the Uk and Europe.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Compatibility rule of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiac neurosis based on data mining

Objective:To analyze the prescription and medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating cardiac neurosis by using the software of"Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Assistant Platform(V2.5)".Methods:China Journal Full-Text Database,Wanfang database,Weipu Chinese Periodical Service Platform and Chinese biomedical literature database were retrieved according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Literatures on the treatment of cardiac neurosis with TCM prescriptions were screened out and data mining was carried out using the TCM inheritance assistant platform.Use frequency,commonly used dose,the frequency of properties,flavors and meridian distribution were counted.Association rules and entropy clustering analysis for complex system were used to extract core drug combinations and unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering was used to predict potential new prescriptions.Results:Through literature retrieval and screening,210 types of prescriptions were finally selected,and 181 types of Chinese herbs were extracted,with cumulative frequency of 2410 times.Among them,there were 46 traditional Chinese medicines that were used more than 15 times.According to the efficacy and indication,they were classified into qi-regulating drugs,tranquilizers,qi-tonifying drugs,heat-clearing drugs,blood-tonifying drugs,etc.According to properties,flavors,and meridian distribution,warm and sweet drugs were the most commonly used,mostly distributing to the heart meridian,followed by liver and spleen meridians.Association rules showed that combination of radix paeoniae and paeonia-bupleurum was the most used;faructus aurantii and bupleurum had the strongest correlation,up to 90%.The network diagram indicated that bupleurum,angelica sinensis,radix paeoniae radix,and poria cocos were the core of the association network.Based on complex system entropy clustering,24 core drug combinations were obtained.The unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to extract 12 core drug combinations,and 6 potential new formulae were obtained by further clustering.Conclusion:Regulating qi and blood,addressing both symptoms and causes,and using purgation and tonification at the same time is the principle of the treatment of cardiac neuropathy with TCM.The treatment mainly starts from the heart,liver and spleen,and therapies include soothing the liver and regulating qi,clearing heat and resolving phlegm,tranquilizing and calming the nerves,and prompting blood circulation and diuresis.

Study on medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine cases in treatment of neoplastic fever based on data mining

Objective:To analyze the medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine cases in treatment of neoplastic fever in order to guide clinical medication.Methods:The database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Vip database and WanFang medical network were searched.The cases involving traditional Chinese medicine prescription in the treatment of neoplastic fever were screened.After extracting the prescriptions and Chinese medicines,make statistics according to frequency analysis,cluster analysis and association analysis.Results:79 literatures were included which involving 123 decoctions.221 traditionalChinese medicines were included in the statistics,the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicines were Gancao,Chaihu,Huangqi and Shengdihuang.The proportion of heat-clearing drugs in Chinese medicines was the largest(23.98%).The most common property of the Chinese medicines is cold property,accounting for 51.13%.The higher frequencies of flavors of the Chinese medicines are bitter,sweet and acrid,the sum of which is 84.66%.The most common meridian of Chinese medicines is liver meridian,accounting for 19.82%.The cluster analysis and association analysis of high frequency Chinese medicines showed that high frequency Chinese medicines could form three clustering formulas,and could get 18 pairs of high frequency drug combinations.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicines for heat-clearing,deficiencytonifying,phlegm-resolving,blood stasis-dispeling are mostly used to the treatment of neoplastic fever.The results of cluster analysis and association analysis of high frequency traditional Chinese medicines can provide certain reference and guidance for clinical medication.

Based on the national patent database to explore the rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

Objective:To explore the medication law of traditional Chinese medicine compound patent for hyperlipidemia,and to provide reference for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine new drugs for clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia.Methods:All compound TCM patents related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia were searched and extracted from the national patent database(http://epub.sipo.gov.cn)from the establishment of the database to 10st,March 2021.The data was established by the TCM Inheritance Support System(V2.5)and Microsoft Excel 2010 Softwore,and used to conduct TCM syndromes,frequency statistics,four nature and five flavors of traditional Chinese medicine,meridian attribution statistics.IBM SPSS statistics 20 software was used for drug clustering analysis,IBM SPSS modeler 18.2.2 software was used for association rules and web visualization analysis.Results:Totally 284 compound TCM patents were included,involving 577 kinds of Chinese medicine,and the most common syndrome was Yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome(74 times,accounting for 26.06%).The most ten common Chinese materiamedica was Hawthorn,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Alismaorientalis,Cassia seed,Polygonummultiflorum,Licorice,Poriacocos,chinese rhubarb,dried tangerine peel,Radix Paeoniae Alba.The top three appeared frequently in drug categories were tonifying deficiency medicine,activating blood-circulation and dissipating blood-stasis medicine,and heat-clearing medicine,respectively.The top two of its drug properties were warm and cold;the top three drug tastes were sweet,bitterness and pungent;the top two meridians were liver and spleen meridian,respectively.Seven drug groups were obtained by cluster analysis,and 16 were obtained by association rule analysis,including 5 drug pairs and 11 three drug groups.Conclusion:Through the data mining of the patent of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription for regulating and treating hyperlipidemia,it is concluded that the fundamental pathogenesis of the disease is deficiency of viscera function and obstruction of phlegm and blood stasis.The clinical methods are tonifying the liver and kidney,activating blood circulation and removing stasis,resolving phlegm and removing dampness.Traditional Chinese medicine is mostly used for tonifying deficiency,activating blood circulation,removing stasis,resolving phlegm and removing dampness.This paper provides a reference for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine for hyperlipidemia.