In China,many geological hazards occurred in remote mountainous regions,and it was time-consuming to disseminate disaster information for the responsible parties to make timely judgements.Besides,only relying on profe...In China,many geological hazards occurred in remote mountainous regions,and it was time-consuming to disseminate disaster information for the responsible parties to make timely judgements.Besides,only relying on professionals to monitor and manage disasters was demanding and costly.The Chinese government created a system to engage residents in the process of disaster risk management,namely’Public Participation Monitoring and Warning’(PPMW),to disseminate timely disaster information and bring down management costs.The objective of this system was to reduce casualties with minimum cost by organizing residents to evacuate from disasters in advance.This paper introduced the PPMW system,including its structure,operation mechanism by reviewing government documents and research articles,and its implementation by a case study of a landslide at Boli village(E 101°01’,N 27°29’),Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China on July 19th 2018.Further,this paper analyzed the strengths and limitations of the system and discussed its future development.It had the potential to become an affordable disaster risk management tool for other countries facing similar situations to China.展开更多
Under the framework of developing resilient and livable cities, this study was aimed at engaging local communities to achieve the goal of public participation. Given the prevalence of smart mobile devices, an interact...Under the framework of developing resilient and livable cities, this study was aimed at engaging local communities to achieve the goal of public participation. Given the prevalence of smart mobile devices, an interactive app called ＂Citizen Probe＂ was designed to guide users to participate in building resilient and livable urban spaces by enabling users to report the condition of their living environment. The app collects feedback from users regarding the perceived condition of the urban environment, and this information is used to further develop an open online index system. The index system serves as a guide for the public to actively transform their city into a resilient and livable urban environment. The app was designed for the reporting of flood incidents with the objective of resilient disaster prevention, which can be achieved by enabling users to identify disaster conditions in order to develop a database for basic disaster information. The database can be used in the prevention and mitigation of disasters and to provide a foundation for developing indices for assessing the resilience and livability of urban areas. Three communities in Taichung, Taiwan, participated in the study. Residents of these communities were requested to use the app and identify local environmental conditions to obtain spatial data according to four stages in disaster response： assessment, readiness, response, and recovery. A volunteered geographic information database was developed to display maps for providing users with current reports ofpredisaster risk assessment, disaster response capacity, real-time disaster conditions, and overall disaster recovery. In addition, the database can be used as a useful tool for researchers to conduct GIS analyses and initiate related discussions. The interactive appraises public awareness on disaster prevention and makes disaster prevention a daily norm. Further discussion between the public and experts will be initiated to assist in policy management pertaining to the ongoing development of cities in addition to improving disaster prevention and response measures.展开更多
Since the Vienna Declaration and programme of Action in 1993 recommended that countries formulate national human rights action plans,many countries have carried out relevant explorations.Since 2009,China has formulate...Since the Vienna Declaration and programme of Action in 1993 recommended that countries formulate national human rights action plans,many countries have carried out relevant explorations.Since 2009,China has formulated four series of Human Rights Action plan of China,which is significant for promoting the development of human rights,enhancing the say in international human rights,reducing social risks and protecting individual rights.The formulation of the plan adheres to the principles of being laws and policies-based and human rights-oriented,and taking into account both the country and society.The first three series of the Action plans have undergone such evolution as upgrade of guiding principles and goals,refinement of rights content and measures,diversification of responsible subjects,increasingly reasonable framework structure,and more human rights consideration in discourse expression.The fourth series of the Action plan pays more attention to expanding public participation and the content,improving the supervision mechanism,and further promoting the formulation and implementation of the Action plan.展开更多
基金supported by the International Partnership Program(131551KYSB20160002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790433,41807509,41601571)IMHE fund(SDS-QN-1915 and SDS-QN-1705)。
文摘In China,many geological hazards occurred in remote mountainous regions,and it was time-consuming to disseminate disaster information for the responsible parties to make timely judgements.Besides,only relying on professionals to monitor and manage disasters was demanding and costly.The Chinese government created a system to engage residents in the process of disaster risk management,namely’Public Participation Monitoring and Warning’(PPMW),to disseminate timely disaster information and bring down management costs.The objective of this system was to reduce casualties with minimum cost by organizing residents to evacuate from disasters in advance.This paper introduced the PPMW system,including its structure,operation mechanism by reviewing government documents and research articles,and its implementation by a case study of a landslide at Boli village(E 101°01’,N 27°29’),Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China on July 19th 2018.Further,this paper analyzed the strengths and limitations of the system and discussed its future development.It had the potential to become an affordable disaster risk management tool for other countries facing similar situations to China.
文摘Under the framework of developing resilient and livable cities, this study was aimed at engaging local communities to achieve the goal of public participation. Given the prevalence of smart mobile devices, an interactive app called ＂Citizen Probe＂ was designed to guide users to participate in building resilient and livable urban spaces by enabling users to report the condition of their living environment. The app collects feedback from users regarding the perceived condition of the urban environment, and this information is used to further develop an open online index system. The index system serves as a guide for the public to actively transform their city into a resilient and livable urban environment. The app was designed for the reporting of flood incidents with the objective of resilient disaster prevention, which can be achieved by enabling users to identify disaster conditions in order to develop a database for basic disaster information. The database can be used in the prevention and mitigation of disasters and to provide a foundation for developing indices for assessing the resilience and livability of urban areas. Three communities in Taichung, Taiwan, participated in the study. Residents of these communities were requested to use the app and identify local environmental conditions to obtain spatial data according to four stages in disaster response： assessment, readiness, response, and recovery. A volunteered geographic information database was developed to display maps for providing users with current reports ofpredisaster risk assessment, disaster response capacity, real-time disaster conditions, and overall disaster recovery. In addition, the database can be used as a useful tool for researchers to conduct GIS analyses and initiate related discussions. The interactive appraises public awareness on disaster prevention and makes disaster prevention a daily norm. Further discussion between the public and experts will be initiated to assist in policy management pertaining to the ongoing development of cities in addition to improving disaster prevention and response measures.
基金the current stage of“Industry and Commerce and human right:The latest national,regional,and global practical research”(20JJD820006)
文摘Since the Vienna Declaration and programme of Action in 1993 recommended that countries formulate national human rights action plans,many countries have carried out relevant explorations.Since 2009,China has formulated four series of Human Rights Action plan of China,which is significant for promoting the development of human rights,enhancing the say in international human rights,reducing social risks and protecting individual rights.The formulation of the plan adheres to the principles of being laws and policies-based and human rights-oriented,and taking into account both the country and society.The first three series of the Action plans have undergone such evolution as upgrade of guiding principles and goals,refinement of rights content and measures,diversification of responsible subjects,increasingly reasonable framework structure,and more human rights consideration in discourse expression.The fourth series of the Action plan pays more attention to expanding public participation and the content,improving the supervision mechanism,and further promoting the formulation and implementation of the Action plan.
