Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Institutions as Tools of Public Policy： A Comparative Evaluation of South East Asian-Sub-Saharan African Post War Development

In general, it can be argued that institutional framework a country or region designs plays a significant role in crafting, applying or even success of public policy. Drawing lessons from how Asia exploited the developmental state＇s concept by designing institutions which targeted key public policy areas such as education, health, domestic savings, and rural development, or aligned infrastructures such as roads, transport and ports, to drive economic development. The paper explores how this approach can be applied in sub-Saharan Africa （or individual countries）. The objective is to extricate constant factors impacting development both in ahistorical and atemporal terms. The investigation is guided by the key question： whether quality of institutions and institutional analysis can help explain development failures in Africa？ Hence, on one part, it probes institutions, institution-making, public policy making and what uniquely the Asian developmental state did that can help illuminate institutional role in policymaking and application. In pursuing this objective, the paper is cognisant of the question by Brousseau et al. asked, regarding generalizability of institutional capabilities, ＂If growth-enhancing institutions are identified in a specific country, can other countries learn from and transplant these＂. The investigation concludes that in public policy and development strategy-making institutions do matter as they delimit or even help create possibilities necessary for development and its sustenance, and to a certain extent, they are the vital constant （factors） that explains development differentiations in different geographic spaces or time periods.

Water-Energy-Food Nexus： Comparative Scenarios and Public Policy Perspectives from Some Latin American Countries Regarding Biogas from Agriculture and Livestock

Latin American and the Caribbean countries have one of the world＇s largest sources of renewable energy. Nonetheless, it estimated that nearly three-quarters of their energy consumption relies on the use of fossil fuels, with most of the countries being net importers, ultimately imposing a marked economic and political dependence on those energy commodities. Therefore, the opportunity lies in a higher utilization of various renewable energy resources, which contribute to the country＇s energy security while promoting significant environmental benefits. This manuscript aimed to provide a comparative analysis of current energy scenarios of six Latin American countries （Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador） to evaluate their policies, programs and strategies implemented in the search for greater participation of renewable energy, with a special attention to biogas. Given the importance of the water-energy-food nexus that could foment the use of renewable energies under conditions of water scarcity, a qualitative data comparison was accomplished, considering biogas production potential, biogas projects and CO2 emissions.

Social Media and the Public Policy Process in Egypt

For the past three years the political environment in Egypt, and the middle east in general, has undergone substantial change such as increase in public opinion and awareness, increase in political participation, increase in voting turnout franchise as well as introducing a new paradigm of communication which has great influence on the political and social landscape of the world ＂Social Media＂. The aim of this study is to explore the impact and effect of social media （Facebook） on the changing political environment of the public policy process in Egypt. This article analyzes the different stages of the Public Policy Process in Egypt, with application to the Minimum and Maximum Wage Policy, and examines how it was influenced by the Facebook, as a device of the social media, as a new channel of political mobilization.

Research on low-carbon development of electric power industry:from the perspectives of public policy

It is a fundamental way to achieve sustainable development and inclusive growth that China takes the low-carbon development path.And low-carbon development is an effective way to respond to many threats,including global climate anomalies,environmental degradation,and energy shortage.Low-carbon economy is policy economy to a large extent.Although the external environment demands low-carbon development of electric power industry,enterprises lack intrinsic motivation.Electric power industry is the pillar industry of China,and is one of the key industries for China's low-carbon development.The government needs to ensure its dominant position in the low-carbon development of electric power industry,and reform the government performance management system and promote the planning and management of electric power industry through appropriate public policy,in order to adjust the structure of the electric power industry and take a low-carbon development road with Chinese characteristics.

Study on the Public Policy Process of Urban Planning of Henan Province

Along with the development progress of the economy in Central China, there are new breakthroughs achieved by Henan province in the public policy making in the urban planning. In Henan province, the implementation schemes related to the public policies such as Zhengzhou City Planning, High-tech Zone Construction in the First-tier City, and the Integrated Development of the Central Plains Urban Areas appeared in the process of implementing the new urbanization strategy.

Scientific Initiation： Meanings and Peculiarities of Public Policy in Brazil

This paper aims to analyze the Scientific Initiation （SI） as public policy of higher education in Brazil, from meanings and peculiarities of this device in the undergraduate academic＇s formation, created jointly with the National Research Council in 1951 currently National Council for Scientific and Technological Development （CNPq）. This corporation emerged from the recognition of the strategic importance of science and necessity of institutionalization of encouragement and fostering research. This is a theoretical bibliographical study and documentary that evidences the contributions and limits of SI while political science training should be part of academic activities to provide the development and support of investigative spirit. The concept of SI was established in universities as an activity to be developed in order to encourage the student to become familiar with scientific practices. The study concluded that SI is based on institutionalized norms within higher education to foster the development of science, and it is considered as an important strategy of expansion of graduate studies in Brazil.

Public Policy Qualities and Training of New Engineering Talents in China-Based on the Practice and Enlightenment of EPP Professional Talent Training at Carnegie Mellon University

As a measure for higher engineering education in the new era to deal with a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform,China,s new engineering construction is an important strategic deployment to cultivate diversified and innovative engineering talents.In order to promote the new engineering construction in an all-rounded wa%talent training is the key.Compared with traditional engineering talents,new engineering talents need to have richer values and normative knowledge,especially public policy qualities,which is the ability that new engineering talents should have in this complex and changeable environment.The EPP(Engineering and Public Policy)professional training model at Carnegie Mellon University provides useful practical experience for the cultivation of public policy qualities of new engineering talents.

Human Rights, Governance and Public Policy to Counter the Structural Problems and Brain Drain in Latin America and Haiti

This article will analyze human rights linked to their impact on democracy, inequality, government policies and other structural problems such as an imminent obstacle for socioeconomic development in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is considerable challenges for construction of a rule of law, regional policy and that all people can live in a suitable environment. Today daily brain drain contributes a handicap for the socio-educational and professional development in the region particularly in Haiti. At the end of the article, the results of the research on the difficult socioeconomic situations that prevent extremely poor Haitians to enjoy a dignified life, resulting in partial emigrations to abroad and brain drain will occur. Also, the aspirations of the people are shown in the two poorest departments： Northeast and Northwest.

China＇s Population Aging from the Perspective of Public Policy

Population aging will become the norm in the Chinese society. Its challenge derives mainly from the failure of the existing socio-economic system to cope with the aging process. The intervention of public policy is therefore inevitable. This paper argues that in order to comprehensively deal with the aging problem, it is not sufficient to merely readjust population policies, policy measures focusing on the aged or policies for one or another sector. Instead, we need to reconstruct the current public policy system from the perspective of social integration and a long-term development strategy. During the reconstruction process, efforts should be made not only to coordinate the population system with other social systems, but also to coordinate short-term goals with medium and longterm strategies. Accordingly, an authoritative permanent government coordinating agency should be established and, taking into account China＇s national conditions, should redefine the social role of senior citizens, solve practical problems related to support for the aged and support the sustainable development of an aging society.

On a Synergistic Operating Mechanism for China's Intellectual Property Public Policy System:A Study of China's Technology Transfer Policy System

Following the change of objectives in China＇s public policy on intellectual property and the continuous increase in that policy＇s range of adjustment and number of policy input sources, the focus of policy making should be shifted to perfecting the policy system and its operating mechanism. However, the present operating model of technology transfer policy still adheres to the conventional emphasis on the effectiveness of individual policies. Conflicts between policies cancel out efficiency, leading to internal friction which may make the system as a whole work less effective. This paper applies the principle of synergetics to the construction and operation of the public policy system. On the basis of the high efficiency and practical value of synergistic operating mechanisms, we put forward concrete measures for establishing a synergistic operating mechanism for Chinese technology transfer policy.

Metropolitan Area Evolving from Spatial Concept to Public Policy:A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

With the acceleration of China’s regional integrated development,some functions of large cities have been decentralized to the peripheral areas,resulting in the increasing phenomenon of commuting to and from school or work across administrative regions.As a spatial unit of various factors flowing across regions,the metropolitan area has gradually become a significant carrier in the background of high-quality urbanization development.However,due to existing policy limitation,it has been hard to avoid administrative barriers in metropolitan area development.To fill the gap in the traditional policy system,regional spatial governance is being widely used in practice at various levels.Therefore,from the perspective of spatial governance,this paper explores a new approach to the governance of metropolitan areas with Chinese characteristics based on the analysis of the connotation evolution of metropolitan areas and the international experience of metropolitan development and governance.By taking several metropolitan areas in Jiangsu Province as examples,this paper explains that the key to metropolitan governance is to treat a metropolitan area as"policy area"and to construct a spatial governance system suitable to regional integrated development,through the combination of spatial planning and public policy,so as to propel urban development towards regional coordination.

Eliminating Blind Spots on Gender in Public Policy CAI YIPING

Just when Meng Meilian felt she couldn’t go on she was lucky enough to become one of the first in her village to be granted a poverty-relief loan. Although the lack of laborers in Meng’s family made the risk of return greater than for other applicants, it was clearly stipulated in the county’s poverty relief policy that, all other things being equal, women in poverty should have priority.

Policy Guiding and Dividend Behavior of Public Corporations

Reviewing the background of dividend policy adopted by public corporations in China, this paper investigates the relationship between dividend policy of public corporation and the state supervisory policy upon the promulgation and implementation of Regulatory Measures on New Issues of Public Corporations in 2001. We collect all listed companies with dividend distribution from 1992 to 2002 as sample data. The results of analyses indicate that corporate dividend is affected evidently by the state supervisory policy and different majority shareholders have distinct reaction to governance. The majority shareholders are obviously motivated to maximize their benefits and evade the supervision from the state. At last we propose that supervisory policy of corporations should adopt unambiguous guideline.

Climate change,ambient air pollution,and students'mental health

The impact of global climate change and air pollution on mental health has become a crucial public health issue.Increased public awareness of health,advancements in medical diagnosis and treatment,the way media outlets report environmental changes and the variation in social resources affect psychological responses and adaptation methods to climate change and air pollution.In the context of climate change,extreme weather events seriously disrupt people's living environments,and unstable educational environments lead to an increase in mental health issues for students.Air pollution affects students'mental health by increasing the incidence of diseases while decreasing contact with nature,leading to problems such as anxiety,depression,and decreased cognitive function.We call for joint efforts to reduce pollutant emissions at the source,improve energy structures,strengthen environmental monitoring and governance,increase attention to the mental health issues of students,and help student groups build resilience;by establishing public policies,enhancing social support and adjusting lifestyles and habits,we can help students cope with the constantly changing environment and maintain a good level of mental health.Through these comprehensive measures,we can more effectively address the challenges of global climate change and air pollution and promote the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The Intervention Path of Fundamental Rights under the Scope of International Private Law

In recent years, international private law scholars have argued for the radiating effect of fundamental rights on international private law by introducing constitutional theory. However,there remains a lack of systematic research on how fundamental rights should be integrated into judicial practices concerning foreign-related civil and commercial cases. Throughout the development of international private law, public policy has served as a historical carrier of substantive values for judicial entities and has consistently played a crucial role in value review. In cases of international private law where conflicts arise with the values of fundamental rights, public policy indirectly excludes the legal choice outcomes to safeguard the human rights values inherent in fundamental rights from infringement.However, due to limitations imposed by the degree of connection and relative conditions, traditional paths of public policy have certain constraints and cannot provide comprehensive protection for fundamental rights. Therefore, there is a need for judges to shift their logical paradigms, transcend bilateral choice-of-law models, and introduce a direct intervention path for fundamental rights. This direct intervention path utilizes the logical analysis framework of the protection scope,intervention, and justification of fundamental rights. It can effectively balance conflicting legal interests and maximize the protection of the fundamental rights of the parties involved.

Environmental regulatory and policy framework in China: an overview

China has developed one of the most comprehensive environmental regulatory and policy framework in the world. This paper provides a description of the main institutions for environmental management in China, and overviews the regulatory and policy framework in place.

Extreme rain event highlights the lack of governance to face climate change in the Southeastern coast of Brazil

New rainfall records were registered in the southeastern region of Brazil during February 2023.The amount of rain in the north coast region of the State of São Paulo was more than 650 mm in less than two days.Landslides and tragedies with a socioeconomically vulnerable population marked this climatic extreme.The country has a regulatory system that suggests the elaboration and implementation of municipal public policies aimed at territorial organization,environmental conservation,and the prevention of disasters induced by natural hazards.In addition,both federal and state funds earmarked for such hazard's prevention have been underutilized over the last decade.In addition to this current devastating climate episode,other events were registered in this decade,reinforcing that financial governance is a key challenge to face the climate crisis in Brazil.The predicted future extreme events in different regions of Brazil will require a different governance system to minimize social inequality,seek sustainable alternatives for urban environments and manage to adapt cities for the challenges posed by climate change.

Exploring the Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Depression among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan Region

Sickle Cell Anemia(SCA)is a prevalent genetic condition in Saudi Arabia,particularly in the Jazan region.The study’s purpose was to assess the prevalence of de-pression among individuals with SCA in this area and to identify the factors associated with this condition.The study involved 391 adult participants,all patients in the hematology center of Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital(PMNH).Data was collected through an anonymous interview questionnaire–the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)–between March–May 2022.The questionnaire covered socio-demographic information and variables related to the participant’s SCA history,such as pain levels,frequency of pain,hospitalization duration,and frequency of blood transfusions.These variables underwent Chi-square and One-way ANOVA testing,followed by multivariate regression.The study found a 42%prevalence of depression among the SCA patients.Factors significantly linked with heightened depression levels included being widowed or divorced,experiencing frequent and severe pain,and longer duration of hospital stays.An educational level of at least a bachelor’s degree was also a significant factor.The study reveals a high prevalence of depression among SCA patients in the Jazan region.It underscores the need for policymakers to educate both physicians and patients about the importance of mental health in SCA management.The study also highlights the need for more research into the specific causes and effects of depressive symptoms in SCA patients to inform the creation of effective management plans.

Promoting Public Understanding in the Science of Geology

Geology is perhaps the most fascinating of the natural sciences, due to its all-encompassing nature. Virtually all human activities that occur on planet Earth--including agriculture, energy and mineral resource exploration and extraction; environmental and public policy on natural resources management and protection; land use planning; infrastructure development; and ecological tourism--all depend on various aspects of geology and its sub-disciplines. Due to the importance of geology in the daily lives of human beings, it is imperative that all persons develop at least a basic understanding of the science. In this paper, the current efforts for promoting public understanding in geology will be examined, with offerings of alternatives and supplements to these efforts. Information from the science education sub-disciplines of HPS （history, philosophy and sociology） of science, and informal/free-choice learning will be woven into the framework of the geology-public understanding idea.