Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic patterns and variations in disease risk factors,morbidity and mortality with respect to their distributions associated with demographic,socioeconomic,...Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic patterns and variations in disease risk factors,morbidity and mortality with respect to their distributions associated with demographic,socioeconomic,environmental,health behavior,and genetic risk factors,and time-varying changes.In the Letter to Editor,we had a brief description of the practice for the mortality and the spacetime patterns of John Snow's map of cholera epidemic in London,United Kingdom in 1854.This map is one of the earliest public heath practices of developing and applying spatial epidemiology.In the early history,spatial epidemiology was predominantly applied in infectious disease and risk factor studies.However,since the recent decades,noncommunicable diseases have become the leading cause of death in both developing and developed countries,spatial epidemiology has been used in the study of noncommunicable disease.In the Letter,we addressed two examples that applied spatial epidemiology to cluster and identify stroke belt and diabetes belt across the states and counties in the United States.Similar to any other epidemiological study design and analysis approaches,spatial epidemiology has its limitations.We should keep in mind when applying spatial epidemiology in research and in public health practice.展开更多
This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various p...This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various private and government organizations. Practitioners were asked how influential and relevant public relations ethical factors were on the practitioner＇s perception of ethics. Findings suggest that the daily practice of public relations day-by-day professionally practice learning, senior practitioners, senior executives, and managers along with religion play a major role in shaping the meaning, philosophy, and conception of the practitioner＇s ethics. Respondents were asked to describe the level of support they would give to the controversial public relations practices that may generate some ethical problems. The majority of the respondents did not agree on the use of ＂spreading rumors＂, ＂providing false information to satisfy the public＂, ＂misinformation and manipulation＂, ＂giving false promises＂, and ＂would not approve favoring personal interest over public interest＂.展开更多
Futian District in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province had a very unusual look about it late last November when hundreds of prostitutes and their customers were paraded in front of at least a thousand local residents. The mov...Futian District in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province had a very unusual look about it late last November when hundreds of prostitutes and their customers were paraded in front of at least a thousand local residents. The move was part of a campaign by the police to crack down on the illegal sex industry and was met by whistles, applause and other less savory commentsfrom those who had turned out to see the great walk of shame.展开更多
文摘Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic patterns and variations in disease risk factors,morbidity and mortality with respect to their distributions associated with demographic,socioeconomic,environmental,health behavior,and genetic risk factors,and time-varying changes.In the Letter to Editor,we had a brief description of the practice for the mortality and the spacetime patterns of John Snow's map of cholera epidemic in London,United Kingdom in 1854.This map is one of the earliest public heath practices of developing and applying spatial epidemiology.In the early history,spatial epidemiology was predominantly applied in infectious disease and risk factor studies.However,since the recent decades,noncommunicable diseases have become the leading cause of death in both developing and developed countries,spatial epidemiology has been used in the study of noncommunicable disease.In the Letter,we addressed two examples that applied spatial epidemiology to cluster and identify stroke belt and diabetes belt across the states and counties in the United States.Similar to any other epidemiological study design and analysis approaches,spatial epidemiology has its limitations.We should keep in mind when applying spatial epidemiology in research and in public health practice.
文摘This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various private and government organizations. Practitioners were asked how influential and relevant public relations ethical factors were on the practitioner＇s perception of ethics. Findings suggest that the daily practice of public relations day-by-day professionally practice learning, senior practitioners, senior executives, and managers along with religion play a major role in shaping the meaning, philosophy, and conception of the practitioner＇s ethics. Respondents were asked to describe the level of support they would give to the controversial public relations practices that may generate some ethical problems. The majority of the respondents did not agree on the use of ＂spreading rumors＂, ＂providing false information to satisfy the public＂, ＂misinformation and manipulation＂, ＂giving false promises＂, and ＂would not approve favoring personal interest over public interest＂.
文摘Futian District in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province had a very unusual look about it late last November when hundreds of prostitutes and their customers were paraded in front of at least a thousand local residents. The move was part of a campaign by the police to crack down on the illegal sex industry and was met by whistles, applause and other less savory commentsfrom those who had turned out to see the great walk of shame.
