Ideas and Countermeasures for Perfecting Rural Public Product Supply from the Perspective of Main Beneficiaries

On the basis of defining the concept of rural public product supply, the weaknesses of the supply mechanism of rural public product are analyzed. The shortages of rural public product supply lead to the difficult ties in developing agriculture and rural economy; enriching farmers and narrowing the urban and rural income gap. Problems in rural public product supply are further analyzed. Firstly, the national finance used in agriculture is low. Secondly, farmers are not separated from decision system and the beneficiaries separate from the decision-makers. Thirdly, farmers are not fully treated as civilians. Fourthly, rural areas lack the selection and supervision mechanism of public product. The ideas and countermeasures on perfecting rural public product are put forward from the perspective of main beneficiaries. The supply of rural public product should take intensifying the self development capability of farmers as core; farmers should actively participate in the making the rural public product decision and fight for their right to say. Farmers should unit together through organizations to improve the organizational level. Farmers should actively participate in trainings on them and try to get the updated information from the local government. The village collective should protect the supply of rural public product.

Discussion on the Concept of Forest Public Product Based on the Relationship of Modern Population, Resource and Environment

Based on the unbalanced relationship among modern population, resource and environment, as well as the weak awareness and supply-demand conflict of forest public product, the paper exposed the public product function of forestry and explained its meaning, then evaluated the traditional concepts of forestry, product, and forest products, and finally redefined the extension of forest products. On this basis, the concepts of forestry and public products were elaborated, and the connotation, characteristics and extension of forest public products were clearly defined and described.

Application of the Industry-University-Research Education Model of“Works,Products,and Public Goods”in Design Majors Practical Courses in Colleges and Universities

One of the goals and requirements of China’s educational modernization includes prioritizing,guiding,and promoting the social service capabilities of universities.The teaching of practical courses in design majors in colleges and universities has long been plagued by problems such as being“out of touch with the market and social needs”and“ignoring the cultivation of creativity.”It fails to meet the goals and requirements of educational modernization.This article takes the“Fundamentals of Styling and Comprehensive Expression”course offered by the School of Design of Guangxi Normal University as an entry point to study the industry-university-research education method that combines“social service”with the teaching of design professional practical courses.It also attempts to improve“works,products,and public goods”through the establishment of the theoretical model of“product”and the analysis of practical application paths is carried out to solve the problems existing in the traditional teaching of the design major,enhance the social service capabilities of the design major,promote talent employment and industry and social development,and carry out teaching reform attempts.

Worldwide orthopaedic research activity 2010-2014:Publication rates in the top 15 orthopaedic journals related to population size and gross domestic product

AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications rates in orthopedics in the top 15 orthopaedic journals. METHODS Based on their 2015 impact factor, the fifteen highest ranked orthopaedic journals between January 2010 and December 2014 were used to establish the total number of publications; cumulative impact factor points(IF) per country were determined, and normalized to population size, GDP, and GDP/capita, comparison to the median country output and the global leader. RESULTS Twenty-three thousand and twenty-one orthopaedic articles were published, with 66 countries publishing. The United States had 8149 publications, followed by the United Kingdom(1644) and Japan(1467). The highest IF was achieved by the United States(24744), United Kingdom(4776), and Japan(4053). Normalized by population size Switzerland lead. Normalized by GDP, Croatia was the top achiever. Adjusting GDP/capita, for publications and IF, China, India, and the United Stateswere the leaders. Adjusting for population size and GDP, 28 countries achieved numbers of publications to be considered at least equivalent with the median academic output. Adjusting GDP/capita only China and India reached the number of publications to be considered equivalent to the current global leader, the United States. CONCLUSION Five countries were responsible for 60% of the orthopaedic research output over this 5-year period. After correcting for GDP/capita, only 28 of 66 countries achieved a publication rate equivalent to the median country. The United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Japan, and Germany were the top five countries for both publication totals and cumulative impact factor points.

Objectives and Strategies of Online Public Opinion Analysis on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economic development and is the basic production and living of human society.In recent years,the development of Internet technology provides information sharing platform for people,and more and more people begin to pay close attention to the dynamic of agricultural production and related industries,especially the quality and safety of agricultural products,much attention has been paid to safety issues.In view of its importance and closeness to the daily life of the public,it is necessary to pay great attention to the mass public opinions on the quality and safety of agricultural products,find out the crux of the problem through scientific research and judgment,and respond to the public questions in a timely manner.In this way,the value of relevant public opinion information can be utilized to provide an important basis for relevant departments to make correct decisions.

Bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity of County Public Hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the Public Hospital Reform

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012. This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis（DEA） to evaluate the technical efficiency（TE） and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform. Data from 127 county public hospitals（39, 45, and 43 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, respectively） were collected during 2012–2015. Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist. The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test. The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442, 0.5785, 0.6099, and 0.6094 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, and the entire country respectively, with average non-technical efficiency, low pure technical efficiency（PTE）, and high scale efficiency found. Productivity increased by 8.12%, 0.25%, 12.11%, and 11.58% in China and its three regions during 2012–2015, and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42%, 6.32%, 21.08%, and 21.42%, respectively. The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China. Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China. More than 60% of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales. There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions. During 2012–2015, the hospitals experienced progressive productivity; however, the PTE changed adversely. Moreover, Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Western China. Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county public hospitals in the three areas of China, especially in Central China.

The Publication and Distribution of Chinese Standards and Other Standards-related Products

Standards Press of China (SPC), founded in October 1963, is the only publication center in China licensed to publish national standards, trade standards, and books concerned with standardization, quality, and other science and technology. The main publications are as following:

Supply of ecological products based on heterogeneity of public goods

Ecological products belong to public products. According to the characteristic heterogeneity of public products, they can be classified into pure public products and quasi-public products including "common-pool goods", "club goods" and "conditioned goods". Guided by the theory of public products supply and based on national conditions, this paper thinks that an ecological product supply model should be formed, which is led by the government and coordinated allocation of public resources between the government and the market in China. Some of the pure public goods are supplied by the government by the way of "environmental regulation + property rights market" and ecological compensation; some of the quasi-public goods are supplied by the market by the way of franchising and ecological purchasing.

“再塑造”与“高风险”:生成式人工智能对舆论安全的影响

[研究目的]探讨对信息内容具有强理解、强生成能力的生成式人工智能,将如何改变既有舆论生产流程,如何推动舆论传播发展,以及对舆论安全带来的影响。[研究方法]该研究结合既有研究,系统性分析生成式人工智能对舆论生产与传播的影响,揭示其可能对舆论安全造成的多方位冲击,并在此基础上提出完善舆论安全的举措。[研究结论]生成式人工智能将简化舆论生产流程,加速舆论格局转变,强化资本对舆论的影响力。基于该技术开展的意识形态侵蚀行为更加难以防御,对该技术的大规模使用将让舆论生态更混乱,舆论治理更困难,虚假信息生产与传播更加隐蔽,并外溢出难以预估的危险。为此需构建多方参与的舆论生产与传播监管格局,强化舆论引导能力,传递优质价值观。

劳动力老化如何影响劳动生产率?——基于中国城市面板数据的分析

中国自2000年步入老龄化社会以来,人口老龄化程度持续加深,作为社会经济基本要素,劳动力老化使得社会经济发展面临一系列新挑战与新机遇。为探索劳动力老化对劳动生产率的影响机理,基于2000—2020年中国城市面板数据,在借鉴既往研究的基础上,利用长差分模型实证分析劳动力老化对劳动生产率的影响。研究发现,劳动力老化与劳动生产率之间呈负相关关系;进一步从要素投入和技术进步两个方面考察劳动力老化对劳动生产率的作用机制后发现,劳动力老化主要通过影响技术进步与劳动就业作用于劳动生产率;此外,劳动技能提升、公共财政投入等公共政策可以有效降低劳动力老化对劳动生产率的消极影响;最后,本研究认为,若想有效应对这一问题就要加强对生育问题的关注,要从劳动技能提升、公共财政投入等方面制定专门且有效的公共政策,并在具体实施时,注重相关政策向中西部地区、二线及以下城市等特定地区倾斜。上述这些研究结论有助于从劳动力老化视角解释中国城市劳动生产率的表现差异,对于推动人口发展新格局下的经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

中国科幻全球传播公共产品的塑造--基于《科幻世界》的跨文化传播与全球传播视角的分析

中国科幻文艺产品的全球传播近年来逐渐受到社会各界的关注,而作为存在时间较长、对中国科幻影响力较大、发展历史悠久的科幻杂志--《科幻世界》是中国科幻文艺界最具有代表性的全球传播品牌性刊物。在新中国科幻传播史上,该杂志创刊至今,就作为中国科幻创作与传播的引领者向世界传递中国声音,肩负起跨文化传播的重任。该文主要采用个案研究和深度访谈的方法,围绕有关该杂志品牌塑造的要素--封面符号的创意与视觉传达、绘制品牌文本科幻想象蓝图展开考察与分析,探索其在中国科幻跨文化传播中的品牌塑造与发挥的引领作用,以及绘制中国想象力地图与世界共享中国科幻全球传播的价值体现。

对103家三级公立医院医疗设备配置现状的调查与分析

目的:调查103家三级公立医院医疗设备配置现状,分析比对我国不同区域医院的医疗设备占比,为科学合理地配置医疗设备提供依据。方法:采用文献研究和专家咨询法设计调查问卷,通过“中国医学装备”公众号和“好医工”平台发布电子问卷进行调查,分析医疗设备配置数量、国产占比与医院所在区域及医院床位数的相关性。结果:共回收有效问卷103份,涉及华东、华北、华中、华南、西南、西北和东北的103家三级公立医院,其中华北占18%,华东占37%,华南占19%。华北、华南和华东3个样本区域三级公立医院医疗设备配置的平均台件数为9785台/家、9245台/家和8153台/家,甲乙类设备配置数量较少,与床位数无相关性;华北与华东在床位数、每百张床设备台件数以及每百张床设备金额上差异有统计学意义(t=-2.582、2.939、4.653,P<0.05);生命支持类设备配置数量均与床位数有显著正相关,国产占有率尤其是生命支持类设备的国产占有率有所提高。结论:分析我国公立医院医疗设备配置情况,可为医院更好地适应新版甲乙类大型医用设备目录的调整提供数据支撑,为三级医院在大型医用设备配置和国产化的示范推广提供参考依据,为相关卫生管理部门提供借鉴。

数据产权法律构造论

在数字经济环境中,数据已成为一种新型生产要素,需要更好地挖掘和开发其经济价值。数据不同于传统有体物以及知识产权客体的特征和属性使其在法律制度构建和运行上也具有特殊性。数据产权制度是数据基础制度的核心内容,其应涵盖保护数据主体合法权益、协调和平衡数据利益关系、促进数据有序流动和分享、促进数据要素利益公平分配等内容。数据产权的法律构造旨在建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的数据动态流转和价值实现机制,最终服务于数字经济发展目标。

公共政策绩效生产机制探析——基于31个省级先进制造业政策的fsQCA分析

在公共政策的本质理解上,政策绩效生产提供了一种超越组织理论和行为理论的新思路,其应用有助于厘清政策科学研究中的三组核心关系,即政策体系与执行系统的关系、政策构成分析与政策绩效评估的关系、事实描述与价值判断的关系。以31个省域“十三五”期间的先进制造业政策为例,通过结构化的校准程序实现定性变量测量,采用fsQCA方法进一步模拟出政策绩效生产的三条典型路径,分别为“有限适配”路径、“行动衔接”路径和“系统完善”路径。政策绩效生产机制同时关注多维政策内容的相互引导及组合产出逻辑,从而在若干割裂范畴之间搭建桥梁。

基于地域文化的公共图书馆文创产品设计研究

针对当下公共图书馆文创产品发展中出现的对外特色不明、对内文化单一问题,研究其如何对外加深文化印象、对内丰富文化内涵,打造特色产品,从而推进文化传承。采用实地调研法、文献研究法和问卷调查法,考察公共图书馆文创产品实际情况、归纳公共图书馆文创产品研究文献内容和收集分析消费者对公共图书馆文创产品需求资料。提出“产品旅游化”“创意时代化”“内涵延伸化”3种设计方法。这3种设计方法可为地域文化的公共图书馆文创产品设计提供参考。

突发公共事件背景下农产品供应链中断风险应对策略

21世纪突发公共事件频发,农产品供应链中断风险时有发生,严重影响我国经济建设。文章从生产、物流、销售与消费4个环节,对农产品存在的供应链中断风险进行分析,并提出应对策略,为政府解决农产品供应链中断风险提供一定的意见。

源流耦合:乡村公共文化治理中合作生产的生成机制——基于乡村春晚的案例分析

“身有所栖”而“心无所寄”现象是乡村治理工作中的突出问题,以需求回应性和农民主体性为特征的合作生产成为解决上述问题的关键模式。通过对乡村春晚案例的研究发现,乡村公共文化治理中合作生产的生成是由在特定时刻汇合在一起的多种因素共同作用的结果,即文化源流推动下文化之窗打开,通过文化源流、行政源流和乡土源流的两两局部耦合开启行政之窗和乡土之窗,在此基础上建立起政府与农民之间的资源依赖关系,实现三者的全部耦合开启合作之窗,进而在领导注意力分配的驱动下生成。乡村公共文化合作生产生成机制为理解中国情境下的乡村治理和乡村振兴提供了新的视角。

文化消费视域下公共图书馆文化创意产品供给路径研究——基于公共文化产品供给目标函数模型的启示

论文以文化消费为视角,以公共图书馆文化创意产品供给的现实矛盾为切入点,揭示公共图书馆文化创意产品在扮演文化消费品角色中出现供给局限性的原因,为丰富文化消费市场、提升公共文化消费品的社会地位建言献策。论文构建了公共文化产品供给目标函数模型,推导出增加供给数量或者提高供给质量是当前环境下实现供给目标的最优解,详述了公共图书馆文化创意产品供给的实践差距,为公共图书馆文化创意产品的供给优化提供改进方向,即可以从供给理念、供给质量、供给渠道、供给方式、供给目标五个方面优化公共图书馆文化创意产品供给路径。

银发网红的数字生产实践研究

近年来,城市空间及市民主体的媒介可见性探讨成为热点话题,典型如全国各网红城市的交替晋级,本质上都是借由新媒体平台,将个别网友的意外发现无限放大为媒体事件,进而促进了城市形象的传播。而此间的关注主体主要是青年玩家,较少涉及城市中数量庞大的老龄人群。随着数字化、智能化社会进程的急剧加速,城市老龄人口的积极老龄化与媒介数智化紧密勾连,持续生产着一个特殊群体的城市空间叙事和城市生活文本。该文聚焦老年群体中的积极数字融入者——银发网红,通过网络民族志考察发现,银发网红的数字生产机制,包括独自探索并由家庭和其他社区力量提供技术补偿的独立创作式生产、通过家庭代际联结以及长辈和晚辈间前后台技术分工形式的家庭作坊式生产、以及由MCN机构或其他商业力量与银发网红所联合的商业化团队运营式生产。银发网红的数字生产实践具有积极效应,流量变现产生的经济收益有助于养老生活质量的提升、个人价值、尊严感和自我效能感显著提升、社会关系持续拓展并再造案主的社交空间。值得注意的是,案主同时面临着数字生产劳工化、隐私暴露等潜在风险。