Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City

Following rapid infrastructure development and industrialization, the problems of water pollution and water shortage have become more severe. Whether there is safe drinking water in cities has attracted wide attention.The ecological risk management of drinking water project is an important means of ensuring the safety of a drinking water source. Based on ecological risk assessment and management theories, this paper establishes an ecological risk management model and assessment system with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and scientific basis for formulating a policy on the safety and protection of drinking water sources in a city. Kunming is one of the cities plagued by severe water shortage in China. Its ecological risk management of drinking water has attracted the attention of both the local government and the public.Using Kunming as the case study, this paper conducts a comparative analysis and assessment on three major reservoirs that face ecological risks. It highlights the existing problems and gives helpful suggestions.

Reliability model of organization management chain of South-to-North Water Diversion Project during construction period

In order to analyze the indispensability of the organization management chain of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP）, two basic forms （series connection state and mixed state of both series connection and parallel connection） of the organization management chain can be abstracted. The indispensability of each form has been studied and is described in this paper. Through analysis of the reliability of the two basic forms, reliability models of the organization management chain in the series connection state and the mixed state of both series connection and parallel connection have been set up.

θ-improved limited tolerance relation model of incomplete information system for evaluation of water conservancy project management modernization

The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.

Research on the Present Situation and Improvement Strategy of Water Conservancy Project Construction Quality Management based on the Quality Efficiency Equilibrium Theory

In this paper, we conduct research on the present situation and improvement strategy of the water conservancy project construction quality management based on quality efficiency equilibrium theory. Water conservancy engineering construction enterprises should refer to oneself circumstance, and the characteristics of the water conservancy project, determine the quality objectives of specific quality assurance plan and the related measures, clear implementation content, methods and effects. Strictly control the factors influencing the water conservancy engineering quality of many aspects, in the process of the water conservancy project construction, to establish a meet the requirements of the technical process and quality standards, operation procedures. Establish the strict appraisal system, continuous improvement and improve the level of construction technique and technology. Establish strict quality assurance system and quality responsibility system, each division, subdivisional work will comprehensively implement in place management to ensure the engineering quality.

Penalty model for delay of bidding section construction period in South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project from perspective of programs

According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,

The construction management system and practice of Three Gorges Project

Three Gorges Project (TGP),the largest water resources and hydropower project in the world with huge scale and complex techniques,has great comprehensive benefits mainly in flood control,power generation and navigation improvement.Through 17-year construction and practice,the project has been successfully completed.Some valuable experience from the successful construction of TGP has been gained for the management system and mechanism of hydropower project construction in China.Its construction management mode produces important influences on the management system of domestic capital construction.With combination of the construction management practice of TGP,the characteristics of management system and mechanism are summarized,and the suggestions on current hydropower development system and construction management mode are put forward.

Optioning Water Rights:A Potential Alternative to the Hanjiang-Weihe River Water Transfer Project,China

China has started shifting from relying on supply management to demand management strategy in addressing its water shortage problems.Water option,a financial derivative for water commodity,has been utilized to manage water demands in the United States and Europe since the 1990 s but is still novel to China.In this study we analyzed the pros and cons of China’s existing system for water rights transfers and proposed an alternative,flexible trading instrument-water options for China.Incorporating the uncertainty to water option pricing,this study first conducted an empirical analysis of the water option in the water-receiving area of the Hanjiang-Weihe River Transfer Project of China,and then evaluated the benefits of the water option applications.Results show that water option trading can bring water cost saving and increase the potential industrially added value for industrial enterprises in the receiving area,and trading of short-and-medium term water options is more favorable than the long-term water options trading.The novel water option trading proposed in this study,once verified through pilot studies,will be helpful in addressing water shortage problems in China.

Model of Cost-benefit Flow in Six Green Projects in China

From the point of cost-benefit flow and with the Six Green Projects in China as the case and background, it is criticized that the current natural resource and environmental management and the policies in China have some problems unsolved since the model of cost-benefit flow is still centralized and mainly in an administrative way in spite of many efforts made theoretically and practically. It is suggested that a new model based on market-oriented economy from the point of cost-benefit flow with Six Green Projects Management and Policies System consist of complete natural reserve (NR). Management system included environmental nature reserves in addition to biodiversity nature reserve, paid using nature resources, an environmental conservation and construction industry and renewable resource production incentive system that turn the direct administration and operation to management and services. The detail figure of the new model of cost-benefit flow is provided and the main points related are discussed in this paper.

Validation of a Value Management Approach Developed for the Saudi Public Sector

A VM （value management） approach was developed that better suits the culture and the context of the SPS （Saudi Public Sector）. This approach provided a comprehensive assessment of VM at institutional, organizational and project levels. This paper illustrates the procedures that were used to validate the developed VM approach. For the institutional and organizational levels, the VM approach was validated by conducting telephone interviews with three experts from three organizations that use VM and with two senior managers from the MOF （Ministry of Finance）. Mainly, it was found that the MOF should be supported by experts to set up a centre of excellence that can set VM policy, guidelines and standards for the promotion of VM in the SPS, in order to ensure achieving value for money spent in SPS projects. The developed VM approach, as it would be applied at the project level, was presented to 11 experts, all of whom completed a validation questionnaire and presented their comments. Subsequently, the questionnaires were analyzed and the VM approach was amended to reflect the inputs provided by these experts. It was concluded that VM should be applied at least twice on SPS projects. Firstly, it is to review and structure strategic and project briefs to sort out soft issues, and secondly, it is to optimize project designs and sort out hard issues.

公立医院志愿服务项目化管理的实践与探索

志愿服务是社会文明进步的重要标志,公立医院开展志愿服务项目化运作,可以精准丰富服务内容,改善患者就医体验,充分发挥品牌社会效应,是医疗机构志愿服务制度化、规范化发展中一个重要的实施过程。文章分别从项目开发、实施、监控及评估四个方面着手,就如何构建公立医院志愿服务项目化管理模式进行系统阐述,并结合实际分析项目化建设的困境及应对,为公立医院志愿服务项目化管理与品牌建设提供借鉴和参考,助力公立医院高质量发展。

国家水网工程建设投融资金融政策工具供给研究

投融资机制是保障国家水网工程顺利实施、助力水利高质量发展的关键。在系统总结国家水网布局与建设现状成效的基础上,从政府与市场、中央与地方、项目经济属性与投融资工具特点等方面深入剖析国家水网工程建设投融资的内在矛盾。发现现有投融资方式仍存在财政投资结构不够优化、社会资本参与不够深入、新型投融资工具应用不够完善、多主体参与合作不够协同等问题,提出更好发挥政府主导作用、充分发挥市场机制作用、探索投建营一体化模式、健全多元主体协调机制、深化用水权制度和水价形成机制改革、完善投融资监管机制等政策建议。

不同调水方式对巢湖水质影响模拟

引调水工程是目前用来改善湖泊水质的重要手段,然而引调水的调水路线、来水水量以及来水水质对湖泊水质改善效果都至关重要。本文以“引江济巢”工程为例,针对巢湖的浅水湖泊特征,考虑引调水入湖后不仅对水量和水质有直接改善作用,还可能因为湖区水动力条件改变及内源释放影响水质,通过构建二维水动力水质模型,模拟不同调水路线、水量下湖区水动力条件,进一步考虑不同来水水质和底泥释放对水质改善的影响。结果显示,调水对流场的扰动在丰水年较弱、枯水年较强,流量对湖区水质影响随流量增大而增强,来水水质的优劣是决定湖区水体水质是否改善的关键。整体而言,西湖区受调水影响较小,东湖区能够对全湖水质变化起到指示作用。调水方案应基于湖泊实际水量与水质状态综合考虑调水流量与水质制定。

考虑心理倾向的大型水资源配置工程交易过程锦标激励

大型水资源配置工程特点是呈线状分布,项目法人一般组织多个工程承包方平行实施,即与多个承包方同时交易。在委托代理理论视阈下,这属于“一对多”的委托代理关系,即项目法人要同时面临源自多个代理人/承包方的道德风险。构建了考虑心理倾向的锦标激励模型,通过经典激励模型的求解,分析锦标激励差额及心理倾向对多承包方最优努力水平的影响。研究发现,承包方在质量、进度和施工安全上的最优努力水平随着锦标激励差额的增加而增加,随着承包方努力成本系数的增加而减少;承包方在这3个目标上的最优努力程度随着同情心理倾向系数的增加而减小,随着嫉妒心理偏好系数的增加而增加。因此,正确识别多承包方的心理倾向程度,并制定恰当的锦标激励机制,对提高大型水资源配置工程的建设绩效具有重要意义。

项目管理在公立医院等级评审中的应用

在各级公立医院整体医疗服务能力与综合实力评价中,等级评审是非常重要的评估方法,可以从多角度、全方位了解医院运行和管理情况,在此基础上对医院总体情况进行评估,医院的整体服务能力体现更加全面。随着医改的深入以及公立医院高质量发展的新要求,各级医院开始运用项目管理对院内各项事务进行管理。淮安某大型公立医院将项目管理方法应用于医院等级评审,从项目启动、项目计划、项目执行与监管到项目结束,结合各种管理工具,使得工作计划更有系统性、目标更明确、项目执行更有重点、团队更有凝聚力,最终顺利完成医院等级评审全过程,为公立医院高质量发展提供新思路。

引江补汉工程丹江口下游近坝段枯水期通航水位恢复试验研究

引江补汉工程补水口位于丹江口大坝下游安乐河出口约5 km处,且补水量与调水量基本一致,工程对航道的影响主要体现在减水段,为恢复枯水期通航水位需要开展航道综合治理。利用河工模型试验论证了综合治理方案的效果,并对方案进行了优化及进一步论证。结果表明,减水-补水212 m 3/s方案尾门水位分别为86.47、85.90 m条件下,引航道口—黄家港段水位下降,黄家港以下水位保持不变,其中引航道口水位下降幅度最大,分别下降0.08、0.19 m;综合治理方案1实施后引航道口水位下降均为0.02 m,减水段的水位仍未恢复至调水前的水平,主因是从安乐河口补水的水流并未能进入到左侧主航道内;基于试验研究结果,建议对综合治理方案进行优化,在沧浪洲出水口下沿布置2道护底带;通过试验论证了护底带的4个高程,建议护底带高程为85.5 m,并对护底带高程进一步细化论证;优化后的方案可使引航道口至黄家港段的水位略超过调水前的水平,其中引航道口处最大水位抬高0.06 m。

太湖流域水环境治理工程土地节约集约利用评价研究

土地节约集约利用评价及其障碍因子诊断对固守耕地红线、保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义,以太湖流域为例,从建设过程和建设结果两方面构建水环境治理工程土地节约集约利用评价体系,选择信息熵改进TOPSIS模型研究太湖治理工程土地节约集约利用现状及变化趋势,并通过障碍度模型进行障碍因子诊断。研究结果表明:太湖治理工程土地节约集约综合利用水平整体随着时间的推移呈平稳上升趋势,太湖治理工程土地集约利用水平排序依次为新孟河工程(0.564 4)、新沟河工程(0.480 5)、走马塘工程(0.431 6),均处于适度利用等级(Ⅲ级),存在较大提升空间;影响太湖治理工程土地节约集约利用的障碍因子存在差异,障碍度变化各不相同,但总体呈现障碍因子集中、重要障碍因子具有较为明显共性的特点。

中国情境下公共项目治理研究的缘起、发展与应用

我国公共项目建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,一系列公共项目已成为世界公共项目建设史上的标杆,对提升综合国力产生重要影响,公共项目治理理论也得到长足发展。然而,现有研究对其发展脉络、理论框架尚未给出清晰阐释,为后续研究和理论拓展带来困扰。因此,系统梳理其理论体系以指导学界精准应用公共项目治理理论指导工程实践,成为学界关注的重要议题。研究内容包括:(1)公共项目治理研究发轫于解决公共项目绩效悖论,通过赋予公共项目可分析性实现了研究范式从管理到治理的转换;(2)公共项目治理知识体系主要包括“治理结构”“治理机制”“治理模式”“治理绩效”等核心内容;(3)通过对代建制下非经营性公共项目治理结构与机制的分析,构建了一套公共项目绩效改善的系统性分析框架。研究成果将推动公共项目治理理论进一步发展,并能为发挥公共项目治理指导工程实践的理论意义、优化公共项目治理的制度建设提供研究基础。

引汉济渭工程调水区多源风险评估与对策研究

为评估引汉济渭跨流域调水工程本身及运行管理行为中多源风险导致供水不足的可能性,构建了跨流域调水工程水库-泵站-电站的风险评估框架。将工程管理中的行为与经验以随机、模拟、优化三种调度模式进行数学表达,设置了兼顾工程失能与运行管理的单源、多源调度风险模式和方案集;建立并仿真计算了三种调度模型,获得了不同风险方案的动态调度过程及造成的供水风险;制定了跨流域调水工程的调度风险分级基准,采取专家打分法获取事件发生的初始概率区间,采用集值统计法和改进耦合度模型定量估计各方案发生概率,基于供水风险指标定量估算各方案的损失严重度;划分了风险矩阵的等级标准,结合最低合理可行(ALARP)准则明确了风险可接受程度,提出了非工程措施以管控风险,为引汉济渭工程调水区风险评估和防控提供了理论依据。研究发现:(1)三种调度模式中仅优化调度可满足调水15亿m 3、95%供水保证率的供水目标,且相较于随机调度方式,供水能力提升了13%;(2)单源风险方案的供水风险逐渐向长时间缺水过程发展,多源风险方案面临的调度情况更加复杂,供水风险在各个维度均处于危险状态;(3)处于ALARP区域的风险事件占比超过60%,与工程相关的风险多为小概率高危害式风险,应优先解决处于ALARP区域并预防不可接受区域的风险事件;(4)针对发生概率小但危害性高的供水风险,制定了水库下游人员转移等应急方案,以降低潜在的供水损失。研究结果对于跨流域调水工程的风险管理具有积极的推动作用,强化了ALARP准则在调水工程风险评估中的应用价值。

水利工程白蚁防控技术体系构建的研究

水利工程蚁害风险不容忽视,构建白蚁防控技术体系尤为必要。通过对水利工程白蚁防控对象、防控目标、总体策略进行探讨,明确水利工程白蚁防控应建立“控、防、治、测、填”的技术体系,采取日常防控、蚁情调查、方案设计、防治实施、质效评价的工作流程,在白蚁防治用品选择、白蚁预防对象确定、保证结构安全方面加强质量管理,强化科技赋能,全面推动水利工程白蚁防控工作规范开展。