Barrier-free Design of Public Rental Housing

With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.

An evaluation system for suitability of urban public rental housing construction in Chongqing

A social problem that low-income people are unable to purchase houses in urban areas has been focused in recent years and the housing security system has also become an important part of the social security system. In recent years, public rental houses appeared as a new type of affordable houses. The national government took the construction of public rental houses to the national strategic level. Currently, there are many problems in the public rental house construction. For example, policy mechanisms are inadequate, the use of funding is not in an efficient way, the location of public rental houses is far away from the downtown, the plot ratio is too high, and facilities are incomplete. There are no appropriate indicators to comprehensively evaluate the public rental house construction. Based on the livable evaluation system in Chongqing, we selected four aspects of relevant indicators as the economic suitability, environmental suitability, social suitability, and life suitability to establish the public rental house construction suitability evaluation system.

On Applicability of Public Rental Housing

Applicability of public rental housing was analyzed from the perspectives of site selection, tenant and indoor environment. Special needs of seniors and the physically disabled, in particular, were taken into consideration, indoor barrier-free designs were analyzed to further improve applicability of public rental housing.

Life Satisfaction among Elderly Households in Public Rental Housing in Singapore

We set out to investigate how satisfied the poor elderly Singaporean households in social housing are with their lives, especially in relation to their housing, in an attempt to find measures to improve, where possible, the life satisfaction of this group of elderly Singaporeans. We use archival and empirical research for our investigation. The results from 403 respondents to our survey are analyzed through logistic regression and factor analysis. We find that the life satisfaction of the elderly residents of social housing is very low. Furthermore we find that home modification that meets the requirements of the respondents will substantially improve their life satisfaction. Given that these elderly households neither have the right nor financial means to modify their housing units and precincts, it is incumbent upon the government, through the relevant authorities such as HDB, Town Councils and BCA to effect the necessary home modifications to create a more elderly-friendly physical environment to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly households in social housing in Singapore. This arguably is a social imperative which should not be subjugated to economic niceties as social housing is not a luxurious housing choice but the last safety net for basic shelter.

The Consumption-Stimulating Effect of Public Rental Housing in China

China's public rental policy creates opportunities for poor households to rent apartments at low rental prices.In addition to such an impact,we argue that public rental housing increases the purchasing power of the poor and therefore enhances the income elasticity of consumption,i.e.,the percentage of consumption increment due to a 1 percent increase in income.Based on a nationwide dataset from China,the Chinese Household Income Project 2018,we find that public rental housing significantly increases the marginal impact of household disposable income on consumption.Specifically,our analysis suggests that public rental apartments could increase the income elasticity of consumption demand by 18 percent among all rental households and by 24 percent among rental households with below-average income.We also find that the effect of public rental housing on income elasticity of consumption is stronger for service consumption than for nonservice consumption.These results suggest that a well designed public rental policy could not only promote consumption in favor of the service industry but also alleviate the undesirable consequences of the unbalanced consumption structure caused by income inequality.

Poverty Decentralization or Reconcentration: An Empirical Study of the Effects of Collected Public Rental Housing in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province

Based on the supply-side reform objective, it is a great transformation of housing welfare measures in China to collect private unoccupied houses as public rental housing instead of building new ones. Through an empirical study of the Collecting Houses as Public Rental Housing Program in Changzhou, this paper finds that the collected houses is relatively scattered in the city, which is beneficial to avoiding over-centralization and marginalization of the poor families. However, it has resulted in poverty reconcentration in some old communities, probably further leading to spatial solidification of the poor as well as a further decline of old communities. Therefore it may not effectively solve the housing problems of the poor population by providing this alternative public rental housing, which is collected according to economic efficiency. Accordingly, the paper argues that it is necessary to reinforce community development and to renovate the declined communities in time, as an important supplement to housing welfare improvement.

基于ChatGPT的医院租金收入财务管理智能化浅探

为了规范医院租金收入的财务管理,保证国有资产的保值增值,同时兼顾成本与效益,近年来,医院财务部门一直把信息化作为工作中的重要抓手。ChatGPT特有的深度学习、人机协同能力,能很好地助力医院租金收入管理系统实现从非智能化向智能化的转变,系统升级后医院将实现租金收入的预算填报、会计核算、台账生成、报告出具与更新工作自动化。由此可见,ChatGPT技术的应用不仅能减轻财务部门重复且大量的日常核算工作压力,它对财务基础数据质量提升,及高效的财务预测、分析、决策更是意义重大。

企业何以提升治理质量?——基于网约车平台监管的制度分析

数字时代,由于技术壁垒等的存在,平台型企业行使监管权力成为一种政府的“刚需”。监管质量的提升离不开企业的参与。企业是追求盈利的市场组织,与追求公共利益的政府组织不同。传统理论强调企业的政治参与,或是企业作为治理主体之一,配合参与治理,对企业行使公共权力的现象缺少关注。如何保证企业有效行使公共权力,提升治理质量,成为一个重要的理论问题。中国网约车平台监管的制度建构和监管质量的提升,为分析这个问题提供了样本。研究发现:政府通过创造压力和动力,建立起松紧适度的“企业-政府”利益共同体,可以促使企业愿意且有效地行使公共权力,促成治理质量的提升。企业既需要适当的“嵌入性”,也需要适当的“自主性”,并构筑起合适的边界。关注企业行使公共权力的新现象,有助于进一步推进数字治理理论研究。

公租房运营管理问题和对策研究

公共租赁住房在我国住房保障体系中发挥兜底补位作用,运营管理以公平善用为目标。当前,我国公共租赁住房运营管理满意度仍有待提升。本文结合全国问卷调研和实践总结归纳公共租赁住房运营管理在准入、轮候及配租、租赁管理、退出四个环节的问题清单,分析公共租赁住房在依法治“房”、租户资格动态监管、运营管理模式、管理者和租户共同治理等实践突出问题,进而提出运营管理各环节的问题对策。

共同富裕背景下我国公租房社区治理研究

含公租房在内的保障性住房体系具有民生属性和公益属性,是中低收入群体共享国家发展成果的基本途径和制度保障。从共同富裕的视角出发梳理公租房政策发展过程,发现随着我国公租房建设规模扩大,公租房社区存在地域分布不均衡、特殊困难群体占比高、社区归属感低,管理效率不高,安全隐患风险高等问题。对此,应该把工作重点从公租房建设转移到公租房社区治理上来,从体制机制上进行改革,从资源结构上进行优化,从基础服务上进行配套,从文化观念上进行引导,进一步提升我国公租房社区治理质量和水平。

城市新青年的住房租赁选择、逻辑及对策研究

青年及新市民群体是我国新时代住房保障体系的重要对象,而租赁住房是青年和新市民群体落脚城市的主要途径。基于厦门市租赁住房市场调研数据,从供给侧角度分析,发现不同供给主体所提供的住房在地理空间分布、租金定价机制和建筑环境特点等方面存在明显差异。切换至住户视角,发现处于不同生命阶段、自致和先赋因素迥异的青年群体的租赁住房选择模式不同,存在“通勤时间优先”和“居住空间优先”两种模式。住房租赁行为所映射出来的群体分化现象及其潜藏逻辑对我国保障性租赁住房的建设和发展具有一定的启发价值。

南方某市公租房室内挥发性有机化合物的污染特征及健康风险研究

为了解新装修公租房室内空气中的污染特征及评估其环境健康风险,本研究对南方某市公租房室内挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的多组分化学物质(33项指标)进行了分析,在此基础上筛选出检出频繁、毒性较高、含量较高的典型VOCs,并讨论了其在不同功能区域、不同楼层、不同装修时间的污染特征,最后,对典型VOCs的致癌和非致癌风险进行评估。结果表明,筛选得到5种典型有毒有害化学物质,分别是苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、甲醛;公租房装修程度越低、楼层升高、装修时间延长,污染物浓度越来越低;不同年龄人群的致癌风险评估可知,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、甲醛的致癌风险均超过1×10^(-6),该风险值不可忽略,且年龄越小、致癌风险越大;非致癌风险评估可知,苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、甲醛的非致癌风险分别为3.3×10^(-3)、9.8×10^(-4)、4.7×10^(-4)、1.99,即甲醛存在非致癌健康风险。

公共租赁住房项目运营科学管理风险研究

近年来,公共租赁住房项目仍是保障性住房房源筹集建设的主要方面之一,此类项目主要着力解决城镇低保、低收入群体的住房困难问题。当前,大多省、市均已基本实现公共租赁住房城镇低保、低收入家庭依申请应保尽保,也积累了丰富的运营管理经验,但在运营管理方面依旧存在诸多风险,亟待有关部门持续创新运营管理理念及方法。基于此,着重分析当前公共租赁住房项目的运营管理风险,提出相应的风险防范措施,以期为类似项目提供借鉴参考。

预制装配式公租房立面表现形式研究

随着城镇化的加速推进及住房问题的日益凸显,公租房作为解决城市中低收入居民住房困难的重要途径,其建设与发展受到了广泛关注。预制装配式建筑因其建造速度快、质量易于控制及环境友好等优势,在公租房建设中显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文围绕预制装配式公租房立面表现形式展开深入探讨,旨在通过系统分析与研究,为预制装配式公租房的立面设计提供创新思路和可行方法,以提高公租房的审美价值和居住舒适度,同时也为城市可持续发展贡献力量。

公共租赁住房适应性设计策略研究

以北京科技路项目为例,从住户参与、住区融合、公共空间弹性设计、套型空间适应性设计、支撑体与填充体分离、构件标准化设计、适当增大冗余度方面出发,打造“人性化、绿色化”的新型公共租赁住房社区,提升居住品质,以期为其他公共租赁住房设计提供参考。

“智慧化”建设背景下老旧公租房小区改造路径探究

公租房作为保障性住房,在城市中占有较大比重,老旧公租房小区则是城市社区管理的重点内容,利用智慧社区建设推动老旧公租房小区改造,帮助其继续发挥城市保障作用,是当前城市治理的重要突破口。本文研究探讨智慧社区的内涵、城老旧公租房小区改造契机等,分析当前老旧公租房智慧社区改造及管理存在的问题,并提出相应的改造及管理措施。

基于通用构件库的装配式公租房项目正向标准化设计研究

本文通过整理、分析大量装配式公租房项目的设计信息数据,提出了一种基于通用构件库的正向标准化设计方法。针对墙板构件制定了构件编码系统,形成了分两个等级的公租房通用构件库。同时,基于通用构件库并结合开间/进深尺寸、户型面积、平面位置、空间功能等筛选条件,设计了公租房通用构件选用表。并按照上述方法对多个公租房项目进行了验证,引入标准化率概念,制定了公租房项目的标准化等级评价方法。

福州都市圈发展规划下青年公共租赁住房的设计探索与实践

长乐滨海新城租赁住房四期,是福州市政府落实都市圈和现代化国际城市发展规划而进行的公租房建设项目,旨在吸引优秀人才来榕工作,满足新福州人的落户需求。项目参照了前人的设计理念和设计实践,同时兼顾了当代青年人的个性,在社区的开放共享、公共空间的多元化、建筑单体的布局设计、空间结构的再生利用等方面,进行了设计思考和改良,以期对当前单身青年住宅建筑设计的做法和理念提供相应参考。此外,对在建标准、空间布局、户型设计等也进行了有针对性的分析,认为从设计层面、规划层面、社会层面和精神层面来进一步提升公租房的设计实践,很有必要。

善治视角下城市边缘社区“三治融合”的挑战与优化——基于武汉公租房社区治理实践的考察

国家治理现代化背景下,促进自治、法治、德治“三治融合”,是实现城市社区善治,建设社会治理共同体,提升社会治理效能的重要路径。考察Q、M、L三个公租房社区的治理实践发现,以公租房社区为代表的城市边缘社区处于城市边缘劣势地带、治理资源贫乏,具有产权关联弱、异质性强和行政性强的特点,导致社区三治融合面临治理主体积极性缺乏、治理方式融合性有限和治理规范衔接性不足的挑战,制约了城市社区善治的水平。基于城市边缘社区“宜居”与“安居”的善治需求,在党建引领的“强国家—强社会”的分析框架下,三治融合实现社区善治是一个“渐进均衡”的善治改进过程,得益于优化自治、法治、德治的组合力度和方式提升三治“指数”。从治理的主体、效能、秩序三个方面,优化三治融合的参与主体激励机制、三治功能提升机制、治理规范衔接机制,已经成为城市边缘社区因应治理挑战,提高善治水平的关键途径。

保障群体细分视角下公租房供给有效性评价——以西安市为例

从公租房保障对象的细分子群视角出发,通过建立公租房供给有效性评价体系,利用投影寻踪模型,对西安市公租房供给有效性进行评价。从供给有效性水平综合衡量来看,在本地户籍中低收入群体上有效性最高,在农村转移务工群体和外来经商群体上有效性适中,在城市间转移就业群体和新毕业大学生群体上有效性最低。从各指标维度来看,西安公租房供给在准入管理、社会保障、户型面积、周围交通及生活娱乐配套等具体指标维度方面存在群体细分差异,其中本地户籍收入群体在准入管理、交通及娱乐配套上评价较高,在户型面积及后期维护管理上评价较低;农业转移群体和外来经商群体在房屋整体功能上评价较高,在社会认同和保障方面评价较低;城市间转移就业群体和新毕业大学生群体在社会保障及子女教育上评价较高,在准入管理、交通及娱乐配套上评价较低。