Development Path and Urgency of Further Strengthening Construction of Public Hospitals Based on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment

During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)in Wuhan,public hospitals have played an important role in intensive care,case guidance and scheme optimization.At the same time,it also faces unprecedented challenges and tests.Based on the treatment of severe patients in Wuhan,combined with the treatment practice in Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,this paper puts forward the urgency of further strengthening the construction of public hospitals,discusses the feasible path for promoting the development of public hospitals,so as to meet the growing medical needs of the people,improve the ability to respond to major public health emergencies,and effectively guarantee the safety of people's lives and the promotion of a healthy China construction.

Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

Security Risk Prevention and Control Deployment for 5G Private Industrial Networks

In this paper,we investigate and analyze the network security risks faced by 5G private industrial networks.Based on current network security architecture and 3GPP requirements and considering the actual application of 5G private industrial networks,a comparative analysis is used to plan and design a private network security construction scheme.The network security construction model,network organization,and key processes of 5G private industrial networks at the current stage are investigated.In addition,the key direction for the next stage of construction is discussed.

Interpretation of Information Security and Data Privacy Protection According to the Data Use During the Epidemic

COVID-19 has swept the whole our country and the world in the beginning of 2020.31 provinces and municipalities across the country have launched the first-level response to major public health emergencies since January 24,and China has carried out intensive epidemic control.It is critical for effectively responding to COVID-19 to collect,collate and analyze people’s personal data.What’s more,obtaining identity information,travel records and health information of confirmed cases,suspected cases and close contacts has become a crucial step in epidemic investigation.All regions have made full use of big data to carry out personnel screening,travel records analysis and other related work in epidemic prevention and control,effectively improving the efficiency of epidemic prevention and control.However,data leakage,personnel privacy data exposure,and personal attack frequently occurred in the process of personnel travel records analysis and epidemic prevention and control.It even happened in the WeChat group to forward a person’s name,phone number,address,ID number and other sensitive information.It brought discrimination,telephone and SMS harassment to the parties,which caused great harm to individuals.Based on these,lack of information security and data security awareness and other issues were exposed.Therefore,while big data has been widely concerned and applied,attention should be paid to protecting personal privacy.It is urgent to pay more attention to data privacy and information security in order to effectively protect the legitimate rights of the people.Therefore,measures can be taken to achieve this goal,such as improving the relevant legal system,strengthening technical means to enhance the supervision and management of information security and data protection.

The Limits of the Intervention of Public Power in Individual Health Choices——From the Perspective of the Realization of the Right to Health in the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the most important public health problem in the world today,so the focus of public health services should be shifted from the traditional area of communicable diseases to the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Since bad living habits are the most direct cause of chronic diseases,the most effective measure to prevent and control chronic diseases is to promote healthy lifestyles for the individual citizen.The theories of equal health opportunity,the right to health from the perspective of human rights,and determinants of a healthy society provide justified reasons for the intervention of public power in individual health choices.In the current legal system,the intervention of public power is limited to flexible measures such as health education,which shows respect for individual autonomy.However,it is inconsistent with the needs of current public health practice.We should expand diversified intervention means to encourage individuals to make healthy choices under the guidance of the management model.The“ladder of intervention”outlines a panoramic view of the intervention measures available.However,for the selection of specific measures,it is necessary to consider the public health objectives and the invasion of individual freedom,introduce the“legal reservation principle”and“proportionality principle”as policy analysis tools,and reasonably choose intervention measures at different levels on the ladder to properly handle the tension between public power and private rights.

公立医院廉洁风险防控量化评价研究

目的探讨公立医院廉洁风险防控量化评价,为提升公立医院廉洁风险防控工作质效提供参考。方法自行设计《公立医院权力事项廉洁风险防控检查标准》,从权力运行流程梳理清晰程度、廉洁风险点查找准确程度、防控措施有力程度三个方面对四川大学华西医院各部门/临床医技科室提供的权力事项廉洁风险防控进行评分和评级。结果共检查了236个权力事项的廉洁风险防控情况,根据检查标准,57项评为一档,103项评为二档,76项评为三档,占比分别为24.15%、43.64%和32.20%。经检查,全院236个权力事项的廉洁风险防控检查得分为(5.82±1.92)分,其中,流程维度得分为(2.11±0.75)分,风险点查找维度得分为(1.89±0.75)分,防控维度得分为(1.89±0.79)分,体现出部分单位的工作流程不够清晰、个别风险点查找不准确、防控措施不具体等问题。结论医院要结合自身工作环节的问题,从思想、行为、成效和考核评价几方面入手,着力思考廉洁风险防控长期建设中的具体化、精准化、显著化和可量化。

Analysis of CDC’s Role in Public Health Emergencies

Objective:To explore the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in public health emergencies.Methods:The details of 12 public health events that occurred between January 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed to explore the roles of the CDC.Results:There were 160 patients involved in 10 public health events in 2021 and 48 patients involved in 2 public health events in 2022.Besides,the proportion of school public health events in 2022 was 0%,which was lower than in 2021,which was 80%(P<0.05).99.38%of patients during public health events were sent to the hospital promptly in 2022,which was higher than that in 2021,which was 81.25%(P<0.05).Furthermore,the average time taken for the CDC to control public health events in 2022 was 20.11±1.62 hours,and the average time taken to send inspection reports was shorter than that in 2021.The public satisfaction score was also higher in 2022 compared to 2021(P<0.05).Conclusion:The role of the CDC is to control infectious diseases.Therefore,it is important to pinpoint the existing problems in the strategies implemented by the CDC so that more improvements can be made to better prevent infectious diseases.

急倾斜特厚煤层冲击地压防治探索与总结

急倾斜特厚煤层开采顶板破断运动复杂,应力和能量演化规律特殊,在深部“三高一扰动”影响下,冲击地压防治不容乐观。基于某矿2016年冲击地压事故后急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采冲击地压防治经验,从急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采冲击地压发生机理、瓦斯突出与冲击地压综合防治和冲击地压管理详细介绍了该矿7年来急倾斜特厚煤层冲击地压防治经验。冲击地压发生机理方面,建立了顶板岩层倾斜悬臂梁模型,揭示了顶、底板覆岩结构破断失稳演化过程,划分了夹持煤体受力状态分区,提出了急倾斜特厚煤层冲击“夹持理论”。瓦斯突出与冲击地压综合防治方面,基于冲击地压灾害控制解危技术的强度弱化减冲理论,结合原有防突措施体系,提出了既能防冲且对防突有利的解危措施,形成了某矿瓦斯/CO_(2)突出-冲击地压“双防”技术体系,建立了适用于某矿急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采的冲击地压防治体系,以钻屑量和瓦斯吸解值验证了瓦斯突出防治的强度保障,同时以加强实施卸压措施工作面的微震事件分布及各能级总频次和能量对比,论证说明了卸压方案防治效果的有效性。冲击地压管理方面,形成了预测评价、监测预警、治理预防、效果检验、安全防护和教育培训“六位一体”综合防治架构,基于《煤矿安全规程》和《防治煤矿冲击地压细则》等各项规定,制定了Q/YJMD-—FC 0104-2022《窑街煤电集团有限公司煤矿冲击地压防治第四部分:冲击地压防治技术规范》。

生成式人工智能个人信息安全挑战及敏捷治理

生成式人工智能秘密收集个人敏感数据,冲破“知情同意”原则和“最小必要”原则的限制,或将使信息关联违法高发。生成式人工智能信息收集行为主动、收集内容全面、泛化能力强劲,对“知情同意”原则和“最小必要”原则带来严重挑战。宏观层面,我国现有民事法律无力于数据安全治理,刑事法律缺乏明确的违法计量标准,由行政法规挑起数据法治大梁。微观层面,我国现有法律规范体系对被侵权人加以不合理的举证义务,司法救济路径单一,不利于权利救济。选择风险控制路径,从算法协议透明化、治理场景化和多方位协同化应对信息关联违法等方面展开制度构建,引入个人敏感数据单独监管制度和预防性公益诉讼制度破解该困局。

粮食作物中真菌毒素脱毒技术及其防控措施研究进展

对粮食作物中真菌毒素的物理、生物及化学脱毒技术以及在粮食作物不同生产阶段的真菌毒素防控措施的研究进展进行了综述,其中重点围绕各类脱毒技术和防控措施的优缺点及适用范围进行了阐述,以期为推动粮食减损和保障食品安全提供思路。

干部考核标准化线上评议系统的研究和应用

本研究旨在探讨计算机和网络技术在政务部门的标准化应用情景研究,通过设计、研发、应用干部考核标准化线上评议系统,并在疫情特殊环境下得到应用,实现既符合疫情人群不聚集的要求,又加快推进线上考核评议工作标准化的进程,本文对其研究与应用进行了讨论和分析。这些结果对于深入理解政务业务标准化具有重要意义。

宋代地方政府公信力损耗及其治理论析

政府公信力是社会公众对政府履职能力的认可和信任度,属于政府的无形资产。宋代地方政府在行政中公信力损耗严重,主要表现在政策执行朝令夕改、失信于民,官员滥用权力残害民众、贪赃腐败、渎职怠政等方面。导致这种情况的原因包括部分官员素质较差,地方财政窘迫,中央政令和考核指标要求以及监督问责体制难以发挥实效等。为了挽回民众信任,宋朝统治者也提出一系列防治举措,既有制度层面的法令规章,也有执行层面的人事运作,还包括诸如《官箴书》之类的劝诫引导等,并取得一定成效。但由于缺乏严格的惩治措施和长效问责机制,特别是中央决策的可行性和对地方财政的搜刮,导致地方政府违法扰民问题仍屡禁不止,治理效果大打折扣。所以宋代民众以“不清不浊”的浆水色来形容地方政府和官员,其中的经验教训值得认真反思。

司法鉴定机构数据安全的规范进路

司法鉴定机构数据利用规制是司法鉴定数据安全的基础。“四大类”司法鉴定均存在数据安全风险,司法鉴定机构数据安全风险识别应坚持类型化思路展开,已有的《网络安全法》《民法典》《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》为司法鉴定机构数据安全提供了制度指引和基本要求。司法鉴定机构数据安全规制应完善相应法律制度,建立涉案数据安全监管机制,培育数据安全意识,提升数据合法利用能力。

算法推荐场域中的意识形态安全风险防控机制研究

随着数字智能技术的蓬勃发展,由算法推荐技术构建的算法推荐场域已成为人们获取信息的重要来源地,因此可通过根本立场方向、话语解释权力、信息呈现样态和信息筛选分发模式等路径深刻影响意识形态建设。当前,多样错误价值对主流意识形态的置换、技术中立对价值观念内核的隐藏、资本逻辑主导对人本逻辑回归的梗阻和特定信息投送对整体事实面貌的遮蔽共同呈现了算法推荐场域中意识形态安全的风险样态。针对此,必须协同构建主流价值引领机制、算法素养培育机制、算法技术管理机制和算法法律规制机制,有效防控算法推荐场域内的意识形态风险,维护意识形态安全。

基层疾病预防控制机构2017—2022年政务热线案件特征分析

目的通过分析2017—2022年某基层疾控机构政务热线诉求反映的问题,为基层疾控机构政务热线处理提供参考。方法回顾性对比分析2017—2019年(常态化防控期)与2020—2022年(动态化防控期)受理的市民热线政务工单,通过比较诉求原因分类及受理科室分布,探讨不同时期市民诉求的变化情况。结果该基层疾控机构在动态化防控期(6974件)受理热线工单量较常态化防控期(284件)增加了23.6倍。常态化防控期“公共卫生服务质量”类(7.75%)、“公共卫生服务可及性”类(49.30%)诉求引发的案件占比高于动态化防控期同类型案件占比(3.63%和19.29%)。动态化防控期“管理措施”类(27.37%)案件占比低于常态化防控期同类案件(33.10%),“数据信息化”类案件受理量在动态化防控期间更为突出。结论动态化防控政策直接影响了市民获得公共卫生服务的体验,导致市民诉求原因的变化。基层疾控机构应通过完善公共卫生服务能力建设,以诉求问题为导向,加强沟通培训等措施提高政务热线处理能力。

交易安全视角下碳排放权交易风险防控

在“双碳”战略目标的引导下,碳排放权交易已成为国家气候治理的重要工具。2021年,全国碳排放权交易市场正式启动上线,生态环境部先后发布一系列有关碳排放权交易的管理办法和交易规则,但碳排放权交易活动中存在的和可能发生的交易风险并未全部纳入立法防控中。有关市场准入、交易标的、交易资金和回购交易引发的交易风险缺少必要的立法防控措施,应当从适度提高市场准入条件、加强交易标的真实性监管、实行交易资金来源审查和强化回购交易风险防控等方面完善碳排放权交易的安全环境,保障全国碳排放权交易市场健康发展。

基于多普勒效应和九零法则的农村道路交通事故预防思路与策略研究

随着国家乡村振兴战略的全面推进与农村地区道路交通出行需求的快速增长,各类交通安全隐患日渐突出,如何有针对性地开展农村地区交通事故的预防工作已成为各级公安交通管理部门亟待解决的问题。根据多普勒效应频率的变化划分出不同的交通事故危险程度,为公安交通管理者提供系统科学的交通安全隐患排查技术和方法,以九零法则为关键策略强化农村基层组织和客运企业的安全主体责任,能够有效减少农村道路交通事故起数和伤亡人数,确保农村地区道路交通安全态势持续稳定向好。

公立医院医疗腐败问题治理路径与防控策略研究

公立医院医疗腐败治理对于推进公立医院改革,加速公立医院高质量发展进程,实现健康中国目标具有重要意义。文章从定量分析案件的角度出发,结合中国裁判文书网医疗腐败案件数据和工作具体实践分析当前公立医院腐败问题现状,深入剖析医疗腐败治理存在的困境,如医疗腐败隐蔽性较强,查处极为困难;利益冲突导致“经济人”代理活动频发道德风险;公立医院内部监督制约机制不够有力等。在此基础上,提出创新公立医院反腐败手段,加强反腐深度;优化绩效薪酬分配体系,强化自我约束;健全公立医院内部制约监督机制,扎实推进惩防体系建设等建议。

数字经济风险现象、形成机制研究综述

数字经济在经济结构中重要性的不断提升带动了相关理论研究的发展,但针对数字经济风险的研究较为滞后、零散,难以刻画其风险现象、形成与作用机制。本文通过对国内外相关文献的系统梳理,聚焦数字经济发展对经济风险基本理论发展的影响,基于“内涵界定—风险现象—形成机制”的逻辑链条,系统解析了数字经济风险的内涵与特征、风险现象,以及技术变革下的数字经济风险研究动态,初步构建了一个数字经济风险理论体系框架。

生成式人工智能赋能政府数据安全治理的机遇、风险及应对

[目的/意义]生成式人工智能是推动数据要素高水平安全的新动力,是助力政府数据安全高质量发展的新引擎,是实现政府数据治理体系和治理能力现代化的新优势。[方法/过程]本文基于政府数据安全治理“黑箱阶段—灰箱阶段—白箱阶段”的全生命周期流程,剖析生成式人工智能赋能各阶段所引致的机遇与风险,并提出应对策略。[结果/结论]生成式人工智能可以最大化发挥其在事前监测预警、事中应急响应、事后反馈评估的赋能作用,但也伴随着可能产生数据泄漏、决策失误、主体性危机等治理风险。而推动生成式人工智能精细化治理、健全全域政府数据安全治理体系、培育全链路政府数据安全治理能力,是保障生成式人工智能良技善治的重要策略。